1、無損檢測（UT）工藝規程XSI/QMD-NDT-UT-01廈門船舶重工股份有限公司XiaMen Shipbuilding Industry Co.,Ltd.2012 年 5 月 20 日 第 1 版 / 第 0 次修改讓更多“廈門型”船舶航行于四海質量管理部 NDT室 第 PAGE 27 頁 文件編號廈門船舶重工股份有限公司質量與職業健康安全管理體系探傷室-無損檢測（UT）工藝規程第A/0版XSI/QMD-NDT-UT-01共 22 頁無損檢測（UT）工藝規程Regulation Of Ultrasonic Testing修 改 記 錄 欄標記處數修改依據修改人日期審核人日期生效日期姓名日期姓

2、名日期編制審定審核批準 2012年6月1日起實施無損檢測（UT）工藝規程Regulation Of Ultrasonic Testing目 錄List TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc326791863 1主題內容 The subject content PAGEREF _Toc326791863 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791864 2適用范圍 Application scope PAGEREF _Toc326791864 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791865 3參考文件 Reference documents PA

3、GEREF _Toc326791865 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791866 4人員資格 Personnel qualification PAGEREF _Toc326791866 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791867 5 設備要求 Equipment requirements PAGEREF _Toc326791867 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791868 6 探頭 Probe PAGEREF _Toc326791868 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791869 7 試塊 Test block PAGEREF

4、 _Toc326791869 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791870 8設備儀器校驗 Instrument calibration of equipments PAGEREF _Toc326791870 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791871 9探頭校準和耦合劑 Probe calibration and coupling PAGEREF _Toc326791871 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791872 10距離-波幅曲線（DAC曲線） Distance Amplitude Curve PAGEREF _Toc326791872 h

5、 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791873 11校驗與復核 Verifying and rechecking PAGEREF _Toc326791873 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791874 12 檢測程序 Testing procedures PAGEREF _Toc326791874 h 9 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791875 13 評定 Assessing PAGEREF _Toc326791875 h 17 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791876 14 記錄 Records PAGEREF _Toc326791876 h

6、19 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791877 15 報告 Report PAGEREF _Toc326791877 h 19 HYPERLINK l _Toc326791878 附 錄 Appendix PAGEREF _Toc326791878 h 201主題內容 The subject content本工藝流程規定了本司船舶產品超聲檢測的一般要求、技術等級、工藝文件、檢測實施和焊縫質量分級等。This regulation provides the general requirements, technical levels, process documents, test i

7、mplementation and welding quality classification of ultrasonic testing on our company.2適用范圍 Application scope本工藝流程適用于本司造船、修船及非船產品零部件母材厚度為（8150）mm鐵素體鋼全熔焊透縫A型脈沖反射式手工接觸的超聲波檢測；不適用于鑄鋼及奧氏體鋼焊縫，外徑250mm和內外徑之比752412.3.2探頭K值的選擇 Selection of probe K value探頭K值的選擇應能使主聲束覆蓋整個焊縫檢測區, 條件允許時，應盡量采用較大K值探頭。The probe K val

8、ue should be selected to make the main beam of sound to cover the whole weld inspection area, when conditions permit, should as far as possible using larger K probe.條件允許時，T接頭焊縫檢測應分別使用直探頭和斜探頭掃查。When conditions permit, straight and oblique probe should be used separately in T joint weld inspection.平板對

9、接焊縫斜探頭K值的選擇按表5進行選擇； The selection of K value of oblique probe in plate butt weld inspection is shown in table 5. T接頭焊縫斜探頭K值的選擇按表6進行選擇。The selection of K value of oblique probe in T joint weld inspection is shown in table 6.12.4檢測覆蓋率 Coverage rate of detection檢測時，探頭的每次掃查覆蓋率應大于探頭直徑的10%。Each scanning c

10、overage rate should be more than 10% of the diameter of probe in inspection.12.5探頭的移動速度 Probes moving speed探頭的掃查速度不應超過150mm/s。當采用自動報警裝置掃查時，不受此限。The probes scanning speed should not exceed 150mm/s.When use automatic alarm device to scan, is not subject to this restriction.12.6掃查靈敏度 Scanning sensitivi

11、ty掃查靈敏度至少比基準靈敏度高6dB。Scanning sensitivity is 6dB higher than the baseline sensitivity at least.12.7母材的檢驗 Base material inspection斜探頭掃查聲束通過的母材區域，應先用直探頭檢測，以便檢測是否有影響斜探頭檢測結果的分層或其它種類缺陷存在。母村檢測的規程要點如下：The base material area that oblique probes scanning acoustic beam pass through, should be inspected by stra

12、ight probe, in order to detect whether there have stratification or other types of defects that influence the oblique probe test results. The standards gists of base material inspection are shown as follows:表5平板對接焊縫斜探頭K值的選擇Table 5 The selection of K value of oblique probe in plate butt weld inspecti

13、on. 表6 T接頭焊縫斜探頭K值的選擇Table 6 The selection of K value of oblique probe in T joint weld inspection.腹板厚度（mm）探測面探測方法折射角（K值）20腹板單面單側直射法和一次反射法70（K2.5、K2.0）2050腹板單面單側直射法和一次反射法70、60（K2.5、K2.0、K1.5）面板外單面雙側直射法60、45（K2.0、K1.5、K1.0）50100腹板單面單側直射法和一次反射法60、45（K2.0、K1.5、K1.0）面板外單面雙側直射法70、60（K2.5、K2.0、K1.5）100腹板雙面單

14、側直射法和一次反射法60、45（K2.0、K1.5、K1.0）面板外單面雙側直射法70、60（K2.5、K2.0、K1.5） 12.7.1檢測板厚不大于20mm的母材，采用5MHz的雙晶直探頭；檢測板厚大于20mm的母材，采用2-5MHz的單晶直探頭。探頭晶片直徑為10mm-20mm。12.7.1 Dual-crystal straight probe of 5MHz is used to inspect base material that thickness is less than 20mm; single crystal straight probe of 2-5MHz is used

15、 to inspect base material that thickness is more than 20mm. The probe wafer diameter is 10mm-20mm.12.7.2調節時基線，至少顯示兩次底波。12.7.2 Adjust time baseline to show two bottom waves at least.12.7.3雙晶直探頭調節檢測靈敏度，將無缺陷的一次底波調到滿屏刻度的50%，再提高10dB作為檢測靈敏度。12.7.3 Adjust the primary bottom wave of no defects to 50% of ful

16、l screen graduation, then improve 10dB as the detection sensitivity of dual-crystal straight probe.12.7.4單晶直探頭調節靈敏度，將無缺陷處的二次底波調到滿屏刻度的100%。12.7.4 Adjust the secondary bottom wave of no defects to 100% of full screen graduation as the detection sensitivity of single crystal straight probe.12.7.5凡缺陷信號幅

17、度超過熒光屏滿刻度20%的部位或底波消失的區域，應在工件表面作出標記，并予以記錄。12.7.5 The area that amplitude of defect signal over 20% of full screen graduation or bottom wave disappearance, should be marked on the surface of the work piece, and recorded.12.8檢測方法 Detection methods12.8.1平板對接焊縫的檢測 Inspection of plate butt weld為檢測縱向缺陷，原則上

18、采用一種K值探頭或兩種K值探頭在焊縫的單面雙側進行檢測。母材厚度大于100mm，采用雙面雙例檢測，如受幾何條件限制，也可在焊縫雙面單側采用兩種K值探頭進行檢測。斜探頭應垂直于焊縫中心線放置在檢測面上，作鋸齒形掃查，見圖5。探測前后移動的范圍應保證掃查到全部焊縫截面。在保持探頭垂直焊縫作前后移動的同時，還應作1015的左右轉動。 The detection of longitudinal defect, in principle using a K probe or two K probes to inspect on the single face-double side of weld. B

19、ase material thickness is larger than 100mm, using double faces-double sides detection, such as affected by geometric constraints, can also using two K probe to inspect on the double faces-single side of weld. Oblique probe should be perpendicular to the centerline of the weld placed on detection su

20、rface, as zigzag scan, see figure 5.Detection area of moving back and forth shall ensure to scan the whole weld section .In maintaining the probe vertical seam to move forth and back, at the same time should also turn around for 1015. 圖5 鋸齒型掃查 Fig 5 zigzag scan為檢測焊縫及熱影響區的橫向缺陷應進行平行和斜平行掃查。檢測時，可在焊縫兩側邊緣

21、使探頭與焊縫中心成1020作斜平行掃查。見圖6。焊縫母材超過100mm時，應在焊縫的兩面作平行掃查或采用兩種K值探頭（K1和K1.5或K1和K2并用）作單面兩個方向的平行掃查。 The detection of the transverse defects in weld and heat affected zone should use parallel and inclined parallel scan. In detection, the probe made parallel scan in 1020to the weld center on both edge sides of w

22、eld seam. See figure 6.When base material thinness is more than 100mm, the probe made parallel scan on double faces, or using two K probe (K1 and K1.5 or K1 and K2 were used as single) to make parallel scan in two directions on single face. 圖6 斜平行、平行掃查 Figure 6 Parallel and inclined parallel scan為確定

23、缺陷的位置、方向和形狀，觀察缺陷支柱波形和區分缺陷信號或偽缺陷信號，可采用前后、左右、轉角、環繞等四種探頭基本掃查方式，見圖7 For determining the defect location, direction and shape, the observed defects pillar waveform and distinguished flaw signal or false defect signal, can use four kinds of basic scanning methods as forward and back, left and right, corne

24、r, around, see Figure 7 圖7 四種基本掃查方法 Figure 7 four basic scanning methods12.8.2 曲面工件對接焊縫的檢測 Detection of bend surface butt weld 檢測面為曲面時，可盡是按平板對接焊縫的檢測方法進行檢測。對于受幾何形狀限制，無法檢測的部位應予以記錄。The detection of curved surface, can use the detection method of plate butt weld. The detection surface is in geometry con

25、straint, position that can not be detected should be recorded.縱縫檢測時，對比試塊的曲率半徑與檢測面曲率半徑之差小于10%。 In the longitudinal seam detection, the curvature radius difference between contrast test block and detection surface is less than 10%.根據工件的曲率和材料厚度選擇探頭K值，并考慮幾何臨界角的限制，確保聲束能掃查到整個焊縫。 According to the curvature

26、 of the work piece and material thickness choice K value probe, and considering the constraints of geometric critical angle, to ensure that sound beam can scan across the weld.探頭接觸面修磨后，應注意探頭入射點和K值的變化，并用曲線試塊作實際測定。 The contact surface of probe after grinding, should take attention to the change of inc

27、idence point and K value, and actual mensurate in curve test block.當檢測面曲率半徑R大于W/4且采用平面對比試塊調節儀器時，應注意到熒光屏指示的缺陷深度或水平距離與缺陷實際的徑向埋藏深度或水平距離弧長的差異，必要時進行修正。 When the detecting surfaces curvature radius R is greater than W/4 and adjusting apparatus with plane contrast test block, should take attention to the d

28、ifference between the depth or horizontal distance of screen indicating defects and the radial imbed depth or arc length of horizontal distance of actual defects, necessary correction.環縫檢測時，對比試塊的曲率半徑應為檢測面曲率半徑的0.91.5倍。 In the ring seam detection, the curvature radius of contrast test block shall be 0

29、.91.5 times than the curvature radius of detection surface.12.8.3 管座角焊縫的檢測 Inspection of pipe seat fillet weld一般原則 The general principle在選擇檢測面和探頭時應考慮到各種類型缺陷的可能性，并使聲束盡可能垂直于該焊縫結構中的主要缺陷。In the choice of testing surface and probe should consider the possibility of various types of defect, and make the s

30、ound beam possible perpendicular to the main defects in the weld structure.檢測方式 The detection methods根據焊縫結構形式，管座焊縫的檢測有如下五種探測方式，可選擇其中一種或幾種方式組合實施檢測。檢測方式的選擇應由合同雙方商定，并考慮主要檢測對象和幾何條件的限制。（圖8、圖9）。According to the weld structure form, pipe socket weld detection has the following five kinds of detection metho

31、ds, can choose one or several combined to detect. The mode selection of test should be agreed by the two parties, and consider the main inspected object and geometric constraints. (Figure 8, figure 9). 圖8 插入式管座角焊縫 Figure 8 Pipe socket weld圖9 安放式管座角焊縫 Figure 9 Pipe bestowing weld在接管內壁采用直探頭檢測，見圖8位置1。

32、In the inner wall of joint pipe adopts the straight probe detection, see Figure 8 position 1.在容器內壁采用直探頭檢測，見圖9位置1。 In the inner wall of the container using straight probe detection, see Figure 9 position 1.在接管外壁采用斜探頭檢測，見圖9位置2。 In the outer wall of joint pipe adopts oblique probe detection, see Figure

33、 9 position 2.在按管內壁采用斜探頭檢測，見圖8位置3和圖9位置3。 In the inner wall of joint pipe adopts oblique probe detection, see position 3 in figure 8 and Figure 9.在容器外壁采用斜探頭檢測，見圖8位置2。 In the outer wall of the container adopts oblique probe detection, see Figure 8 position 2.管座角焊縫以直探頭檢測為主，探頭頻率、尺寸及掃查方法應按12.7條的規定執行。對直探頭

34、掃查不到的區域，可采用斜探頭檢測。 The pipe seat fillet welds inspected by straight probe primarily, the probe frequency, size and scanning methods should be according to the regulation of 12.7 article. The region that straight probe can not scan, can inspected by oblique probe.T型焊縫的檢測 T weld detection腹板厚度不同時，選用的折射角

35、見表6，斜探頭在腹板一側作直射法和一次反射法探傷見圖10位置2。 When the web thickness is distinctness, the selection of refraction angle shown in Table 6. Oblique probe testing on web side with the inspection method of straight eradiation and principal reflection is shown in figure 10 position 2. 圖10 T型接頭 Figure 10 T joint圖11 T型

36、接頭 Figure 11 T joint采用折射角45（K1）探頭在腹板一側作直射法和一次反射法探測焊縫及腹板側熱影響區的裂紋（圖11） Using the angle of 45 (K1) probe with inspection methods of straight eradiation and principal reflection on the web side to detect crack in weld and heat affected zone of web side (Figure 11).為探測腹板和翼板間未焊透或翼板側焊縫下層撕裂狀缺陷，可采用直探頭（圖10位置1

37、）或斜探頭（圖11位置3）在翼板外側探傷或采用折射角45（K1）探頭在翼板內側作一次反射法探傷（圖10位置3）。 In order to detect the incomplete penetration defects between web and wing plate or avulsion defects in underlayer weld of wing plate, can use straight probe (FIG. 10 position 1) or oblique probe(Figure 11 position 3) on the wing plate lateral

38、 to inspect, or use the refraction angle of 45(K1) probe on the wing plate inside to inspect with principal reflection testing (Fig 10 position 3).12.8.5 角接焊縫的檢測 Corner weld detection角接接頭探傷面及折射角一般按圖12和表6選擇。The choice of inspection surface and refraction angle of probe in corner joint detection is ac

39、cording to Figure 12 and table 6.圖12 角接接頭 Fig 12 Corner joint13 評定 Assessing 13.1 缺陷定量檢測 Quantitative detection of defects13.1.1 靈敏度應調到定量線靈敏度。13.1.1 The sensitivity should be transferred to the quantitative line sensitivity.13.1.2對所有反射波幅超過定量線的缺陷，均應確定其位置、最大反射波幅和缺陷當量；缺陷定量應根據缺陷最大反射波幅確定缺陷當量直徑或缺陷指示長度L。13

40、.1.2 All the defects that echo amplitude over the quantitative line, should be determined location, maximum echo amplitude and equivalent defect; quantitative defect should be based on the maximum echo amplitude determined equivalent diameter or indicated length L of defects.缺陷當量直徑，用當量平底孔直徑表示，主要用于直探

41、頭檢測，可采用公式計算，距離一幅曲線和試塊對比來確定缺陷當量尺寸。 The equivalent diameter of defect, denoted of equivalent hole diameter, is mainly used in straight probe detection, can calculate with formula, or determine by DAC curve contrast to test block.缺陷指示長度L的測定、： The indicated length L meterage of defects:缺陷回波位于區： Defect e

42、cho is in region :當只有一個峰幅時，以峰幅降到評定線的絕對靈敏度法測其指示長度。When there have only one peak amplitude, measured the indicating length by the absolute sensitivity method that dropping peak amplitude to evaluating line.當有多個峰幅時，以端點峰幅降到評定線的絕對靈敏度法測其指示長度。When there have many peak amplitudes, measured the indicating le

43、ngth by the absolute sensitivity method that dropping extremity peak amplitude to evaluating line.缺陷回波高于區： Defect echo is in region :當只有一個峰幅時，以峰幅降低6dB的相對靈敏度法測其指示長度。When there have only one peak amplitude, measured the indicating length by the relative sensitivity method that dropping low 6dB of peak

44、 amplitude.當有多個峰幅時，以端點峰幅低6dB的相對靈敏度法測其指示長度。When there have many peak amplitudes, measured the indicating length by the relative sensitivity method that dropping low 6dB of extremity peak amplitude.13.2缺陷評定 Defect evaluation13.2.1超過評定線的信號應注意其是否具有裂紋等危害性缺陷特征，如有懷疑時，應采取改變探頭K值、增加檢測面、觀察靜、動態波型并結合結構形式和焊接工藝等要素

45、作判斷，如對波型不能判斷時，應輔以其它檢測方法作綜合判定。13.2.1 Defect signal over the evaluating line signal should be paid attention to whether it has character of harmfulness flaw like crack. In case of doubt, should change K value probe, increase detection surface, observe static and dynamic wave from and combined with str

46、ucture and welding technics to judge. If the wave shape can not be judged, should be supplemented by other detection methods for comprehensive judgement.13.2.2缺陷指示長度小于8mm時按4mm計。13.2.2 When the indicated length of defect less than 8mm counted with 4mm.13.2.3相臨兩缺陷在一直線上，其間距小于其中較小的缺陷長度時，應作為一條缺陷處理，以兩缺陷長度

47、之和作為其指示長度（間距不計入缺陷長度）。13.2.3 When two near defects on a straight line, the span less than the smaller defect length, should be as one defect, the sum of two defect lengths as the instruction length (the span without defect length).13.3 缺陷等級評定 Defects classification13.3.1不允許存在下列缺陷：13.3.1 The following

48、 defects are not allowed:反射波幅位于判廢線及區的缺陷； Defects that its reflex amplitude in the sentence line and III area.檢測人員判定為裂紋等危害性的缺陷； Defects that judged to harmfulness flaw like crack by detection personnel.13.3.2最大反射波幅位于區的非裂紋類缺陷，均評為級。13.3.2 Non crack defect that its maximum reflection amplitude is in reg

49、ion, rated as grade.13.3.3最大反射波幅位于區的缺陷，應根據其指示長度按表7的規定予以評級。 13.3.3 The defect that its maximum reflection amplitude is in region , should be rated according to the instruction length based on rules in Table 7.表7區缺陷的等級評定 Table 7 Evaluation of defect in the region 等級單個缺陷指示長度L任意6T或150mm（二者取較小）內多個缺陷的累積指示

50、長度LL1/3T，最小為8，最大不超過242TL1/2T，最小為12，最大不超過362.5TL3/4T，最小為16，最大不超過483TLT，最小為20，最大不超過604T大于級注：板厚不等的焊縫，以薄板為準。Note: When the thickness of base materials are difference, take the thinness.最小指T小于某一厚度時的允許值；如級焊縫，當T24mm時，允許單個缺陷指示長度為8mm。 Minimum - Allowed values that T is less than a certain thickness; such as

51、for grade I weld, when T24mm, allows a single defect indication length is 8mm.最大-指T大于某一厚度時的允許值；如級焊縫，當T24mm時，允許單個缺陷指示長度不得大于24mm。 Maximum - Allowed values that T is more than a certain thickness; such as for grade I weld, when T24mm, allows a single indicated defect length should not more than 24mm.當焊

52、縫長度不足6T或150mm時（二者取較小）時，可按比例折算，折算后允許的累計長度小于單個缺陷的允許長度時，以單個缺陷的允許長度作為限值。 When weld length less than 6T or 150mm (take the smaller), can converted according to proportion, when the converted permit cumulative length less than the permit length of single defect, take the permit length of single defect lim

53、it value.兩個缺陷在任意6T或150mm時（二者取較小）焊縫長度內都能取到一部分，則應將這兩個缺陷全部指示長度計入總長評定。 When two defects in any 6T or 150mm (take the smaller) of weld length can be taken parts, all the instruction length of two defects should be included in the total length for evaluation.13.3.4不合格的缺陷應予以返修。返修部位及熱影響區仍按原檢測工藝進行檢測。13.3.4 U

54、nqualified defect should be repaired. Repair position and heat affected zone still be tested according to the original detection technology.13.3.5抽檢部位的一端或者兩端出現超標缺陷時，應在其延伸方向追加檢測，并不應少于原抽檢量，若追加的檢測部位仍發現超標缺陷，則應對整條焊縫進行檢測。13.3.5 When unqualified defect appear in sampling site at one end or two ends, should be additional tested in the extending direction, and should not less than the original sample amount, if a