1、2021年高考題和模擬題分項(xiàng)匯編專(zhuān)題02動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣（2021 年新高考全國(guó) 1 卷語(yǔ)法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering how hard it 61 （be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：你不禁會(huì)想，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句 子可知，“how hard it 61 （be） for the people t

2、hen to put all those rocks into place”作 wonder 的賓語(yǔ)，it 是從 句的形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，安置臺(tái)階的石頭為陳述過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般 過(guò)去時(shí)。（2021 年高考全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空）The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It 41 （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been com

3、pletely restored （修復(fù)）.We 46 （hire） our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】41.was built46.hired【解析】46.考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句 子可知，空格處為謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞build和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（be done）,根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)the Tang dynasty可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)it為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填was builto47.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們從南門(mén)的租賃處租了自

4、行車(chē)。分析句子可知，此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可知, 此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填hired。（2021 年高考全國(guó)甲卷短文改錯(cuò)）They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們很自閉。結(jié)合前文可知，文章的時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以此處的kept改為keep。故 kept 改為 keep0（2021 年高考全國(guó)乙卷短文改錯(cuò)）Thafs our view on hou

5、sework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!答案】hopes - hope【解析】考查祈使句。句意：希望這能激發(fā)更多關(guān)于這個(gè)話(huà)題的思考！分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句， 所以動(dòng)詞hope需要用動(dòng)詞原形。故將hopes改為hope。(2021 年浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 36(prove

6、) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary*s niece wrote, The little home 40 (paint) white.【答案】36. has proved/has proven40. was painted【解析】36.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：它不像喬治華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象，但林肯 在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家，自從向公眾開(kāi)放以來(lái)，就被證明對(duì)

7、游客來(lái)說(shuō)是不可抗拒的。分析 句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主語(yǔ)；結(jié)合句意及設(shè)空 處后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since it opened to the public可知，此處指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，符合現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)概念，故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have +過(guò)去分詞；主語(yǔ)Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，所以助動(dòng)詞用has,提示詞prove的過(guò)去分詞形式是proved 或 proven o 故填 has

8、proved/ has proveno考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，The little home 作主語(yǔ)。結(jié)合句意及常識(shí)可知，房子是“被漆”的，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根 據(jù)上文的was built可知，此處為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過(guò)去分詞；主語(yǔ) The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，所以要用was,提示詞paint的過(guò)去分詞形式是painted。故填was paintedo 2021年高考模擬題(2021 河南高三模擬語(yǔ)法填空)These 3000-year-old sym

9、bols, jiaguwen, (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.【答案】were carved 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這些有三千年歷史的符號(hào)，甲骨文，刻在甲殼或動(dòng)物的骨頭上，可以讓我 們了解古人如何看待周?chē)氖澜纾约八麄儌ゴ蟮膭?chuàng)造力。根據(jù)句意以及上文的“These 3000-year-old symbols”可知，這

10、些文字是在3000年前雕刻，屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事實(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)These 3000-year-old symbols是復(fù)數(shù)，且與動(dòng)詞carve是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填were carvedo(2021 丫可南高三模才以語(yǔ)法填空)Breakdancing is a sport which can be played anytime and anywhere in urbanand other environments. It has no previous appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, but (include) at the Summer Yout

11、h Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in 2018.答案was included【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：霹靂舞之前沒(méi)有在夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上出現(xiàn)過(guò)，但2018年布宜諾斯艾利斯 夏季青年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)包含這個(gè)工程。根據(jù)空前的并列連詞but可知，該空所給動(dòng)詞include應(yīng)該和has no 并列作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是It,指代霹靂舞，被包括在2018年布宜諾斯艾利斯夏季青年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。應(yīng) 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was included。(2021 河南高三模擬語(yǔ)法填空)What will you think of when hearing the word “

12、kung fu”？ The answer for most people may be Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee or Kung Fu Panda. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that(spring) to mind is the concept of non-violence.【答案】springs【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。句意：但對(duì)美國(guó)紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演勞倫斯j布拉姆來(lái)說(shuō)，他首先想到的是非 暴力的概念。設(shè)空處為定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處在表

13、達(dá)一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且the first thing 是先行詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)。故填springs。(2021 四川高三模擬語(yǔ)法填空)Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance 1. (attract) attention online on the right day.“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban 48, (proba

14、ble) contribute to this rare animals appearance, given that sandbanks 2. (cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish.【答案】1. attracted 2. are covered【解析】1.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這是一段由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽臄z的短視頻，這一罕見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象于當(dāng)天在網(wǎng)上引起了關(guān) 注。分析可知，所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“on the right day”可知，應(yīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填 attracted。2.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：考慮到沙洲

15、被水覆蓋，更多的水生植物可供魚(yú)類(lèi)食用，汛期水位上升和禁漁令 可能是造成這種珍稀動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)的原因。分析可知，在that賓語(yǔ)從句“that sandbanks 9(cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish”中，and連接兩個(gè)并列句，因此所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是前句的謂語(yǔ)。結(jié)合后 句“are”可知，應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞“cover(覆蓋戶(hù)與主語(yǔ)“sandbanks(沙洲廣之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)被動(dòng)：am/is/are done,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用are done。故填are covered。(2021河南高三模擬語(yǔ)法

16、填空)Chinas Chang七 5 mission successfully delivered samples of moon rock and dust to Earth on December 17. It marks the first time in 44 years that moon rocks (bring) back to planet.【答案】have been brought o【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這標(biāo)志著44年來(lái)首次將月球巖石帶回地球。此處為“the first time that+ 完成時(shí)”句型，由marks可知，此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被

17、動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為moon rocks,助動(dòng)詞用have。故填have been broughto(2021 四川高三模擬語(yǔ)法填空)Awakening of Insects, which (1) (signal) a rise in temperature and increased rainfall, falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year.Awakening of Insects refers to the fact that animals sleeping in winter (2) (awaken) by

18、 spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.【答案】(1) signals (2) are awakened【解析】(1)考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：驚蟄是氣溫上升和降雨增加的信號(hào)，今年的驚蟄從3月5 日開(kāi)始，至II 3月19日結(jié)束。根據(jù)falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 which代指Awakening of Insects,為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填signalso(2)考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：驚蟄是指冬天睡覺(jué)的動(dòng)物被

19、春雷驚醒，大地開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇。此處描述 客觀事實(shí)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。動(dòng)詞awaken意為“喚醒”，和主語(yǔ)animals構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語(yǔ)animals為 復(fù)數(shù)。故填 are awakenedo(2021 廣西高三模擬短文改錯(cuò))As you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore.【答案】have改為has【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：正如你所知道的，

20、中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史和偉大的文化，有許多著名 的城市和不同類(lèi)型的名勝供你探索。China作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故將have改為has。(2021重慶市高三模擬短文改錯(cuò))Fortunately, the fence was lasted through 15 more minutes and the helicopter arrived in time. We were saving.【答案】(1)刪除was (2) saving改為saved【解析】(1)考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:幸運(yùn)的是，圍欄堅(jiān)持了 15分鐘，直升機(jī)及時(shí)趕到了。連系動(dòng)詞last,意為“持 續(xù)”，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。故刪掉was。(2)考查語(yǔ)態(tài)

21、。句意：我們被救了。分析句子，主語(yǔ)we和動(dòng)詞save為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以save要用被動(dòng)。故saving 改為 savedo（2021 四川高三模擬語(yǔ)法填空）The Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Clear and Bright (be) the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day.Clear and Bright serves as a time when Chinese pe

22、ople honor nature and the ancestors of the Chinese nation.The worship of nature and ancestors (2) (date) back to ancient times, and still matters a lot in modern society. 【答案】(1) is (2) dates【解析】(1)考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：清明節(jié)是唯一一個(gè)以首日作為中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的節(jié)氣。描述客觀事實(shí) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Clear and Bright是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。故填is。(2)考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致

23、。句意：對(duì)自然和祖先的敬畏可以追朔到古時(shí)候，直到現(xiàn)在意義也很重大。date 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)下文的matters可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)worship是單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)，故填 dates o(2021 廣西高三月考)“Each and “every“ are words which are close in meaning. In general, you use “each when you are talking about one individual(單獨(dú)的)object or person. HEveryn (1). (use) for a group of objects, or