1、2021年高考題和模擬題分項匯編專題01詞類(名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞)、短語辨析一、2021年高考真題1. (2021 年全國乙卷語法填空)氏otourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影響)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas both in terms of geographical conditi

2、ons and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envi

3、ronmental awareness made it desirable.Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for loc

4、al peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (遠足)and accommodations ai

5、m 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】62.development63.its64. until65.the66. Of68. financial 69.activities 70.to have.【解析】.為被考查動詞develop位于冠詞的之后，故考點為動詞轉化成名詞。.被考查代詞位于名詞origin之前，故物主代詞形式。.空白處位于表示時間的名詞短語the late nineteen 1980s之前，根據句意可知。Ecoourism這個概念直到上 世紀80年代晚期才被接受，此題涉及notuntil結構。.空白處位于

6、名詞短語 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel 之前，核心詞為 growing popularity,故考點為冠詞，且popularity之后有明顯限定內容，故填定冠詞the。.此題考查固定短語variety types of,表示各種各樣的。B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從不厭倦，因為沒有一年是一樣的。A. each.每個；B.no.不，沒有；C. any 任何;D. this 這個。根據上文Tm entering my eighth year teaching preschool. Tve ne

7、ver got tired of it”可知, 八年教學，從不厭倦，應該是每年不一樣，不是單調重復。應選B項。A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時我們學校會帶來新員工和新學生的家長，他們不熟悉我們學校所追求的 有目的的美學。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的;B. equippped裝備的；C.loaded裝載的；D.associated相關的。根據 空前兩次出現的new,及下文可知，新來的員工和家長應該是不熟悉學校的這種美學教育，我渴望帶他們參 觀了解我們學校的做法。應選A項。D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很想帶他們參觀我的教室，給他們介紹一些裝飾品，讓他們感受我們學 校的理念 支持創造力、學

8、習和尊重孩子。A. facilities設施；B. students學生；C.systems制度，系統； D. decorations裝飾品。根據下文可知，學校是通過對教室的裝扮裝飾表達美學教育的。應選D項。A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很想帶他們參觀我的教室，給他們介紹一些裝飾品，讓他們感受我們學 校的理念 支持創造力、學習和尊重孩子。A. respect尊重；B. comment.評論；C. impression； D. function 功能。根據下文可知，我為預防學生感到被歧視而做了努力，采取了方法，可知對學生尊重是學校的理念 之一。應選A項。C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的點頭和

9、微笑讓我覺得這是又一個令人興奮的新學年。A. confusing令人 困惑的；B. boring.無聊的；C.exciting.刺激的令人興奮的；D convincing.有說服力的。我對工作充滿熱情， 從不厭倦，同行及家長的點頭與微笑是對我的工作的肯定，我應該是興奮開心的。應選C項。.（天津市 2021 屆高三模擬）一Robert speaking. Could you get me through to Mr. Smith in Room 501?一Im sorry, he isnt here. He this morning.A. checked inB. dropped inC. ch

10、ecked out D. dropped out【答案】C【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意一我是Robert,你能幫我接通501房間的Smith先生嗎?一抱歉。他不在這 里。今天早上他結賬離開了。選項A.check in（在旅館）登記入住，（在機場）檢票登機；選項B. drop in順道 拜訪；選項C.checkout結賬退房，結賬離開（診所）；選項D. drop out退學;退出什匕賽等）。根據上文，他不 在這里可知，他結賬離開了。選項C符合題意。應選C。.（天津市 2021 屆高三一模）If you attend the graduation ceremony in the future,

11、you will have to be dressed.A. strangelyB. informallyC. casuallyD. appropriately【答案】D【詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你將來參加畢業典禮，你必須穿著得體。A .strangely奇特地； B.informally非正式地；C.casually隨意地,休閑地；D.appropriately合適地,恰當地,得體地。根據句意， 參加畢業典禮，穿衣一定要適合正式場合，不能隨意，即要穿的得體。應選D項。.被考查詞位于名詞aid之前，故判斷考點為形容詞。.被考查項為名詞，位于主語的位置，且謂語動詞range為復數形式，

12、故考點為名詞變復數。(2021 年全國甲卷語法填空)After 44.(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45.(good) than to ride on a piece of history!We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 47.did the job.

13、It took us about 3 hours to go all 48.way around the Xi*an City Wall. Supposedly, you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 49.(watchtower) to take pictures or, just to watch the local people going about their 50.(day) routines.【答案】44. spending 45. better 47. but48, the49

14、. watchtowers 50. daily【解析】.考查非謂語動詞。After介詞后加doing形式，故填spending。.考查形容詞的詞性轉換。根據句中“than”可知，應該填寫形容詞的比擬級的形式，故填better。.考查連詞。此處表示我的自行車又舊又晃，后面能用。所以是轉折的關系，故填but。48,考查冠詞。all the way為固定搭配，意為“自始自終，一路上”。故填the。.考查名詞。根據句子結構，and前后一致，and前是the different gates,名詞的復數形式，所以空格也 應該是名詞的復數形式。故填watchtowers。.考查形容詞。此處表示“觀察當地人的

15、日常生活”，修飾routines,故用形容詞，故填daily。3 (2021年全國甲卷短文改錯)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own【答案】.friend

16、一 friends.去掉out5.little few6.ourtheir【解析】.考查固定搭配。turn to sb. For help表示想某人尋求幫助，故turn后面去掉out。.考查代詞。a little代指不可數名詞，a few代指可數名詞。在這里指少局部的學生，可數名詞，故把little 改為fewo.考查代詞。On one,s own表示靠自己。這里省略主語students,主語相當于Only a little students,其后應 該是theiro故our改為theiro4. （2021年全國乙卷短文改錯）I love doing housework. I always a

17、ssist my parents in doing the dish after meals.【答案】parent改為parents【解析】parent改成parents,如無特殊暗示，parent應為復數，指父母兩個人。Whafs most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. Thafs our view on housework答案7. mostmorementally一mentalourmy【解析】.考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家務可以是一種從學習中獲得精神放松的方式。固定短語“whats m

18、ore 譯為“此外。故將most改為moreo.考查形容詞。句意：同時，這也給了我們的父母更多的時間去做他們喜歡的事情，改善了家庭關系。修 飾名詞relaxation(放松)需要用形容詞。故將mentally改為mentalo.考查人稱代詞。句意：這是我對家務的看法。根據全文內容以及句意可知，此處表達“這是我對家務的看 法”。故將our改為my。6. (2021 年全國高考新高考 I 卷語法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles5 song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is

19、 so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57(human) are.The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will58 (undoubted) help you get refreshe

20、d! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is - always leaving us60 (astonish).【答案】humanshumansundoubtedly59. hotter 60. astonished【解析】57 .考查名詞復數。句意：當你站在黃山山頂看見波濤洶涌般的云海，你會想到我們人類是多么的 渺小。human是we的同位語，we為

21、復數，應用human的復數形式。故填humanso.考查副詞。句意：它無疑會幫助你恢復精神！修飾動詞help,應用副詞undoubtedly“毫無疑問地”。故填 undoubtedly o.考查形容詞比擬級。句意：關于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是，氣溫越低，溫泉越暖和。此處是固定結構“the + 比擬級，the+比擬級”,意為“越,越故填hotter。.考查形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“leave +賓語+賓語補足語、補充說 明賓語us的感受，應用-ed結尾形容詞。故填astonishedoWhat comes next is the endless series of ste

22、ps. You cant help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.As the song goes, this lo

23、ng and winding road will never disappear，and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in 64(I).While you9re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!【答案】and 63. aching 64. mine 65.a 【解析】62.考查連詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了一 個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the

24、whole adventure與offers a place” 局部為并列關系，都是作it的謂語，故用并列連詞and。考查形容詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了 一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語境可知，此處應用形容詞aching“疼痛的”修飾名 詞legs,意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。考查代詞。句意：正如歌中所唱，這條漫長而曲折的道路“永遠不會消失”，它將永遠留在游客的記憶中。對 我來說確實如此。根據前一句it will always stick in the visitors memory”可知，本句為does指

25、代前一句的 stick,本句缺乏賓語，應用名詞性物主代詞mine指代my memory。故填mine。65.考查冠詞。句意：當你在中國的時候，黃山是一個你一定要去的地方。must作名詞時，意為“絕對必要的事 物”，為可數名詞，此處泛指“一個必須去的地方，應用不定冠詞，must是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應用ao 故填ao7. (2021年浙江卷語法填空)Beautifully restored (修復)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17years. In 1844 they bough

26、t it 37$ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 38(maiTy) ceremony in 1842.When the house was built, it was much 39 (small) than it is today. Marys niece wrote,【答案】37. for 38. marriage 39. smaller【解析】37.考查介詞。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價格從查爾斯德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查 爾斯德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結合句意

27、可知，此處考查固定短語buy sth. for +價格，意為 “以價格買某物”。故填for。考查名詞。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價格從查爾斯德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查 爾斯德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結合設空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知，此處要用名詞形式；結 合設空處后的ceremony,可知此處意為“婚禮”；提示詞mar”意為“婚姻”，其名詞形式為marriage, marriage ceremony 意為 “婚禮”。 故填 marriage。考查形容詞。句意：這棟房子建成時比現在小得多。結合設空前的much和設空后的than可知，此處考查 形容詞比擬級固定結構m

28、uch+比擬級+than,提示詞small的比擬級形式為smaller。故填smaller。2021年高考模擬題（2021 河南安陽市高三二模短文改錯）In fact, I just didn*t want to trouble him any more as she was already too tired from doing the houseworks.【答案】him 改為 her； houseworks 改為 housework【解析】（1）考查代詞。句意：事實上，我只是不想再麻煩她，因為她已經做家務太累了。此處指麻煩媽 媽，應用代詞her。故him改為her。（2）考查名詞的數。

29、句意：事實上，我只是不想再麻煩她，因為她已經做家務太累了。housework為不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。故houseworks改為houseworko(2021 河南新鄉市高三三模短文改錯)I select a few things as quickly as possible but then went to the checkout. There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out. I was worried, thinking he would be late to pick up my two chil

30、d.【答案】(1) butand(2)在 waiting 后加 forhe-Ichildchildren【解析】(1)考查連詞。句意：我盡快選了一些東西，然后去結賬。結合句意可知I,前后兩個分句是并列、 順承關系，應用and連接，故將but改為and。(2)考查介詞。句意：在那里我發現很多人在等著為他們的訂單結賬。wait是不及物動詞，后接賓語時需 接介詞for,故在waiting后加for。(3)考查代詞。句意：我很擔憂，想著我接兩個孩子會遲到。結合句意及語境可知，此處指“我會遲到”， 應用第一人稱I,故將he改為I。(4)考查名詞復數。句意：我很擔憂，想著我接兩個孩子會遲到。child是可

31、數名詞，結合tw。可知，此處 應用復數形式，故將child改為childreno(2021 河南高三模擬短文改錯)A few years ago I attended in a sports meeting in a special school. Nine runners, all either physically and mentally disabled, got ready at the starting line for the 100-metre dash. On hear the gun, they all started, not very fast, but at most

32、 with excitement. Then all of sudden, one boy who fell on the ground began to cry. The others eight runners heard the boy. They slowed down and looked back. They all turned around and went back to her. One girl bent down and helped him up gentle.【答案】(1)將in去掉and一orheai一hearingmostleast(5)在sudden前面力H

33、aothersotherherhimgentlegently【解析】（1）考查介詞。句意：幾年前，我參加了一個特殊學校的運動會。attend為及物動詞，后面直接加 賓語，in是多余的。故將in去掉。(2)考查并列連詞。句意：九名運發動在起跑線上為百米沖刺做好了準備，他們有的身體殘疾，有的智力 殘疾。eitheror為固定短語，意為“要么要么另 故將and改為or。(3)考查非謂語動詞。句意：一聽到槍響，他們都嚇了一跳，雖然跑得不快，但至少是很興奮。on為介詞, 后面需加動名詞。故將hear改為hearing。(4)考查固定短語。句意同上。but前后為轉折關系，上文提到“跑得不快”，下文的意思為

34、“至少是很興奮at least為固定短語,意為“至少故將most改為leasto(5)考查冠詞。句意：突然，一個男孩倒在地上哭了起來。all of a sudden為固定短語，意為“突然”。故在 sudden前面加a。(6)考查代詞。句意：其他八名賽跑者聽到了男孩的話。修飾名詞runners,需用other (其他的)修飾， others 表示“other runners，不符合語境。故將 others 改為 othero(7)考查代詞。句意：他們都轉身回到他身邊。指代上文的“the boy”，需用代詞him作賓語。故將her改 為 himo(8)考查副詞。句意：一個女孩彎下腰，輕輕地把他扶起

35、來。修飾動詞helped,需用副詞作狀語。故將gentle 改為 gently o(廣東 2021 屆高三模擬語法填空)With a long history, it is considered as the 41 (early) aircraft we have ever known.【答案】earliest【解析】考查形容詞的最高級。句意：它有著悠久的歷史，被認為是我們所知道的最早的飛機。根據名詞 aircraft可知此處要用形容詞，由we have ever known和冠詞the可知用形容詞的最高級。故填earliest。(廣東 2021 屆高三模擬 吾法填空)Later kite f

36、lying gradually became 42 outdoor activity for recreation as well as art and43. (be) warmly welcome for centuries.【答案】an【解析】考查冠詞。句意：后來風箏逐漸成為一種休閑和藝術的戶外活動，幾百年來一直受到熱烈歡迎。根據名詞activity可知此處要用冠詞，由形容詞outdoor/ aotdo:r/可知用不定冠詞an。泛指“種休閑和藝術的戶 外活動故填an。(2021四川成都而高三二模語法填空)In 2016, she won Hugo Award with her short

37、novel, FoldingBeijing, which made her the first female writer in China to bring home this prize.【答案】the【解析】考查冠詞。“雨果獎”前面需要加定冠詞，表特指。故填the。(2021 四川成都市高三二模語法填空)Since building her company, Hao has been carrying out voluntary teaching (program) in rural areas.【答案】programs【解析】句意：郝景芳在鄉下實施了很多志愿教學工程。根據句意，用名詞復

38、數，表示不止一個教學工程。 故填 programs o(2021 四川成都市高三二模語法填空)We live 19, a big, big world with endless possibilities. Dont be too afraid to try something new.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意：我們生活在一個大世界，擁有無窮可能性。in a big, big world”在一個大大的世界二 是固定短語。填in。(2021 四川高三二模短文改錯)They listen what people say and try to imitate about what they

39、 hear. It is important to know that we learn our language with hearing. At school, I learn to write and read. Now, we need to spend less time speaking and hearing. But lets try to learn new words through our ear.【答案】(1) listen后加to(2)去掉 aboutwith byI weless 一 moreBut 一 Soear ears【解析】(1)考查介詞。句意：他們聽人們說

40、什么，并試圖模仿他們所聽到的。固定短語listen to聽”， what引導的從句作它的賓語。故在listen后加to。(2)考查動詞用法。句意：他們聽人們說什么，并試圖模仿他們所聽到的。動詞imitate為及物動詞，后直 接跟賓語。故將about刪去。(3)考查介詞。句意：知道我們通過聽來學習語言是很重要的。表示使用有形的工具時，通常用with來表 示；表示采用某種方式或手段時，用by表示。故將with改為by。(4)考查主語。句意：學校，我們學習寫和讀。全文都是以we為主語，并不是講述作者的事。故將I改 為we。（5）考查比擬級。句意：現在，我們需要花更多的時間說和聽。根據句意，此處強調學習語言時聽和說的 重要性，所以要花更多的時間在上面。故將less改為more。（6）考查連詞。句意:所以讓我們試著通過我們的耳朵來學習新單詞。根據上文“It is important to know that we learn ourlanguage with hearing.可知，這是我們努力學習新單詞的原因，所以是因果關系。故將But改為 Soo（7）考查名詞的數。句意：所以讓我們試著通過我們的耳朵來學習新單詞。根據前面的。ur可