1、六級閱讀指導Bessie閱讀需要五個能力：語言是一個慢慢積累的過程 75%能力+20%技巧+5%狀態1）詞匯和短語（核心詞匯+普通詞匯）2）句型和長難句（修飾和分句）3）速度4）邏輯關系（歸納和演繹）中西方的不同思維方式5）背景知識（做個雜家）用英文思維是許多英語學習者都希望達到的一種境界我體會到堅持大量閱讀是實現這一目標最有效的途徑之一。首先要選好難易程度適中的原文書籍：一般以每頁（大32開）不超過八個生詞為宜。其次是閱讀方法：要像讀中文小說那樣快速瀏覽，不默讀，不查字典，更不通過翻譯來理解原文的意思。遇見不認識的生詞，要根據上下文來推測。第三是要堅持天天都讀，而且要給自己規定每天必須完成的

2、閱讀任務。只要堅持下去，幾個月，半年之后，肯定會看到成效。(何其莘)胡文仲：對于初中級英語學習者我特別推薦英語簡易讀物，讀的材料要淺易，故事性要強，讀的速度盡可能快一些，讀的越多越好。這是學好英語屢試不爽的一個好辦法。黃源深：大量閱讀對英語學習至關重要，沒有大量閱讀很難學好英語。現今學生的一個通病是閱讀量太小，拘泥于短文章上的“精耕細作”，產生不了語感，因而口筆語都缺少外國味。多讀文學作品和外國報刊不失為一劑良藥。加強泛讀：梅仁毅 ：簡易讀物對打好基礎極有用，要多讀。 一是數量要多，至少讀四十本。二是要重復讀，選出十至十五本，讀三遍，讀到許多問題印在腦子中。在基礎階段后期，或高年級，要努力背誦

3、名篇，比如說，背50-100篇。無論從語言還是內容來說，這都是精華。背熟了，對了解西方文化，對研究文字的運用都有好處。閱讀技巧1.抓主題，切中心 *2.查事實、找細節*3.善推理、巧判斷 4.猜觀點、定態度 *5.看文章、辯詞意 *1.抓主題，切中心*學習識別文章中最基本，最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性 。（高頻詞匯）*學會借助文章的結構TS- DS -CS來把握中心思想。 （主題句Topic sentence 擴展句 developing sentence 結尾句 conclusive sentence）2.查事實、找細節*特別注意涉及who, what,

4、 when, where, HowWhy等問題的內容。在有關此類內容的地方要作一標記，以便在回答問題時迅速查找。3.善推理、巧判斷 *根據文中所陳述內容的邏輯發展，上下文的聯貫以及文中有關部分的暗示，作出判斷或進行推理。4.猜觀點、定態度 *特別注意形容詞, 副詞, 感嘆詞及一些帶有強烈感情色彩的動詞等.5.看文章、辯詞意*遇到一些不認識的單詞或短語,這些詞語的意思對正確理解文意很重要 必須對該詞義進行猜測，得出大概的模糊概念。猜測生詞的方法: (1) 根據構詞法猜測 (2) 根據上下文猜測定義、解釋、對比、舉例、同義、反義、 (3)根據常識猜測四級閱讀題型2013年12月大學英語六考試第三部

5、分為閱讀理解題，分別是：Section A 選詞填空 解題步驟 實例分析Section B 匹配選擇 解題步驟 實例分析Section C 多項選擇（四選一） 解題步驟 實例分析閱讀題型一：選詞填空選詞填空題是大學英語四級考試的新題型，考測綜合能力，占整個考試分值不高。 選詞填空題的文章長度在220250詞左右，要求從給出的15個詞中選擇10個填入合適的空中。 選詞填空的15個待選詞不僅難于完型的四個選項，而且分成名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四大類。考生必須先確定詞性，再結合短文的邏輯做出選擇。設計題目時并非拿來一篇短文隨便去掉幾個詞,它的規律是：首句不設空；一句話中不設兩空；設空比較均勻，基本覆

6、蓋整個段落；設空不影響考生對文章大意的理解； 選項所提供的詞皆為實義詞，包括：名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、分詞等，它們與文章的上下文緊密聯系；每個正確選項大都有干擾項，相互干擾的選項之間不是同義詞或近義詞，就是同詞性的詞。 選詞填空解題要點仔細閱讀選項，根據詞性把每個單詞進行分類歸納。如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞各有幾個選項。動詞歸類要細分為v，ved, ving。 細讀首句，抓住中心。 首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主題詞或主題。和完型填空一樣，一般文章第一句不設空格，以便讓讀者知道本文的相關主題詞或主題。判斷原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性： 1).一個句子有且只有一個謂語動詞。 2)

7、.名詞主要做主語、賓語。 3).形容詞或名詞都可以修飾名詞。 4).限定詞（the, this, that, a, my之類）后必有名詞。 5). 謂語動詞前必有名詞或名詞性質的主語 6).介詞后面必有名詞 7).副詞修飾形容詞或動詞 選詞填空解題步驟第一步：快速通讀全文，基本了解 文章的主旨大意； 第二步：分析文章空格處所需填寫詞的詞性，考慮搭配 根據空格在文章中所處的位置， 結合空格處的上下文，綜合考查， 對空格處所需填寫的詞性進行初步 估計和猜測，要特別留意空格處 是否是一個固定搭配； 第三步：根據結構、搭配、文意 選擇正確答案 第四步： 通讀全文，查漏補缺，檢查答案 選詞閱讀小竅門特別

8、提示： 1.對于已經確定正確的已用過的詞,要用鉛筆劃掉, 縮 小選擇范圍; 2. 在分析空格處和備選詞的詞性時,要特別考慮詞匯 的固定搭配情況; 3. 選詞的時候要 “瞻前顧后”,保持 文章前后通順流暢; 4. 難于選擇的題項先空下來,最后在 剩余同詞性的單詞中篩選。閱讀題型二：匹配選擇以前的快速閱讀(Skimming and Scanning)在本次考試中有了重大改變。文章后面共有10道題,以前是 7道判斷【或選擇】和3道短句填空題 ，本次采用信息匹配題型。考查學生從大篇文字中快速有效提取有價值信息的能力閱讀文章單詞量一般在 800-1200 字左右,體裁主要是說明文，題材涉及人文社科, 自

9、然科學等，答題時間為 15 分鐘；這類題型并不一定是文中缺少的語句，大部分是對一段文章對的大意概括與歸納（主旨歸納題），對部分語句的重點理解（細節理解題），模擬題中也出現了部分插入缺失語句（插空補全題）匹配選擇題解題步驟1.仔細閱讀題干中的話語，確定一些明顯的能有區別性的信息，并下劃線。這些信息包括大寫字母（專有名詞），數字（時間等）。如果某個信息在上一個題干中曾經被標志又再次出現，基本上就可以把它變為普通信息。2.利用關鍵迅速在文中搜索與定位，下劃線之后與題干信息進行對比，確定是否需要進一步在別的地方尋找。3.在文中標注插入的題干號碼，并在題干號碼前標志，表示已經選擇，以便后期縮小選擇的范圍

10、。4.碰到部分較難選擇的，需要重新確定關鍵詞進行搜尋。閱讀題型三：多項選擇傳統的閱讀題，在一篇300-500詞的文章后，跟著5個問題，要求學生在9分鐘左右完成。文章生詞總量不超過3%。此類題型是為了測試閱讀理解的準確度和閱讀速度。(閱讀速度一般在70-100詞/分鐘）。多項選擇題型包括細節題、詞義題、結構辨 析題、邏輯分析題、主旨題、推斷題、觀點態度題和綜合題等。 閱讀理解的選材與選裁1. 選材: 社會生活、經濟、教育、文化、科普、等方面。一般以社會生活和經濟為主。2. 體裁: 議論文,說明文,敘述文,描述文。一般以議論文和說明文為主。3. 特點: (1)說明文為主,兼議論 (2)最新國外報刊

11、新聞 (3)詞匯量大、并有專有名詞 (4)文章較長,須圈點閱讀多項選擇題解題步驟:第一步：速讀原文做路標 先速讀文章，注意讀首段、各段首句和全文末句，把握全文大意；同時掃描標志詞、圈劃標志詞附近的關鍵實詞。如果生僻詞和難句不牽涉到后面的題目,可以 跳過不看. 第二步：明確題型找考點 速讀完文章看考題時，首先要分清考題的題型。分清題型后即可根據不同的題型尋找答案。第三步：重疊原文定答案 定位文章中相關的內容 出現的位置， 仔細思考。解題步驟與思路選詞填空匹配選擇多項選擇（主要題型）多項選擇題的主要形式：1.主題主旨類題(包括段落主旨題)2.詞匯與難句解釋題(包括指代題)3.事實細節題4. 判斷推

12、理題等(包括觀點態度題)主旨題（關鍵詞的組合）細節題 （定位-長句分析）觀點態度題（首尾段-措辭）推理題（長句分析-合理判斷）詞義辨析題（構詞法；上下文）問題常見句式：1.The major point discussed in the passage is _2.The best article for this passage should be _.3.The passage tells us _.4.The authors purpose in writing this passage is to _5. It can be concluded from the passage tha

13、t _6.According to the author,_閱讀理解1-主旨題主題主旨類題(包括段落主旨題):步驟:a. 快速瀏覽全文. 尤其注意開頭和結尾.b. 找出多次出現的中心詞(topic noun，key word)c. 特別注意措詞(choice of word)和銜接詞(connectives) ，形成一定的觀點，注意不能過于抽象也不能過于具體According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of

14、 the gods carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were

15、other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods. A. The Gods of the Ancient Greeks B. The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C. Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D. Religions of the PastAccording to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the to

16、p of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready t

17、o protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods. A. The Gods of the Ancient Greeks B. The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C. Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D. Religions of the PastAccording to legend, the gods of the ancie

18、nt Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior god

19、dess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods. A. The Gods of the Ancient Greeks B. The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C. Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D. Religions of the Past詞匯和

20、難句解釋題 (包括指代題)常見問題句式：1. The word (LinePara)most probably refer to _2.In this passage, (LinePara) probably means _3.By “”, the author means_4.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “”?5.According to the author, the word “” means_6.The word “” most likely means _解題關鍵: 上下文、構詞知識、常識閱讀理解2-詞匯語義題.詞匯

21、和難句解釋題 (包括指代題)常見問題句式：1. The word (LinePara)most probably refer to _2.In this passage, (LinePara) probably means _3.By “”, the author means_4.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “”?5.According to the author, the word “” means_6.The word “” most likely means _解題關鍵: 上下文、構詞知識、常識詞匯語義題技巧1：上下文（

22、定義同義） 利用文中所給的定義, 解釋, 重述等(definition, explanation, restatement etc.). 常用的標志詞(signal words)有: be, be called, be known as, be defined as, mean, refer to, namely, or, that is, i.e., in other words etc. 常用的標志符號(signal marks)有: 逗號, 破折號, 括號, 冒號等。Eg. 1) In many cases, people turn to a technique called joint

23、 consultation, an approach based on the belief that it is possible to treat the work force as individuals and consult with them.2) I am a resolute man; once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.3) The Rose Parade began to include floats, moving vehicles covered with brightly-colored flowers.4)

24、Captain Don was towing a boat over a deep part of the ocean. Then suddenly a fog appeared around the boat he was pulling.練習：1.The type of meter is called multi-meter, which is used to measure electricity.2.They will be on the night shift-from midnight to 6 am.-next week.3.Although I did not complete

25、ly approve of the idea, I sanctioned it for I could not think of a better one.利用列舉的例子 (examples).常用的標志詞有: such as, for example etc.詞匯語義題技巧2：上下文（舉例）Eg. 1) When dieting, use salt, pepper, ginger and other spices to flavor your food.2)If you like, select any of these periodicals: Newsweek, Readers Dige

26、st, College English or English Salon.3) This punishment is applied only to first wrongdoers who commit light offences such as shoplifting, drunk driving etc.4.After a days hunting, Harold is ravenous. Yesterday, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before h

27、e was finally satisfied.利用比較和對比關系 (comparison and contrast).常用的標志詞有: as, like, as as ; but, while, unlike, however etc.Eg. 1) The public was more interested in carnal pleasures than spiritual ones. (not spiritual 肉體的, 物質的 )2) The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork (軟木塞) fl

28、oats in water. (able to float 能漂/飄浮的 )3)Jean was talking with others while Helen remained reticent all the time. (not revealing ones feelings easily 沉默寡言的) 4) The modest receive benefit, while the conceited reap failure. (驕傲自滿的) 謙受益，滿招損。詞匯語義題技巧3：上下文（反義與對比）如何利用構詞知識(word building/ formation)?英語三大構詞法:(

29、1) 詞綴法 (affixation)(2) 復合構成法 (compounding)(3) 詞性轉換法 (conversion)要求學生平時對一些常用的前綴, 后綴及詞根有所了解和記憶.詞匯語義題技巧4：構詞知識Eg. 1.The miserable conditions experienced by the whites in the sea crossing were as nothing compared with the misery of the Negroes in their passage.2. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlookin

30、g the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point3. Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward。利用常識或相關信息 (general knowledge and related info

31、rmation)詞匯語義題技巧5：常識Eg. 1) The door was so low that the man hit his head on the lintel.(the upper horizontal part of a doors framework 門的橫梁)2) Just before the exam, Toms hands shook and sweated so much that he couldnt hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even though he knew the subj

32、ect very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests.(unreasonable, extreme or abnormal fear病態的恐懼)閱讀理解3-事實細節題事實細節題:考生首先應把握文章段落的結 TS- DS -CS 清楚地知道拓展句肯定是用來支撐主題句的. 然后搞明白DS與TS是一種什么樣的邏輯發展關系,即列舉,因果,對比比較,時間順序,空間順序,流程順序等, 關注相應的標志詞, 對應相應的問題.再關注DS相互間的邏輯關系, 尤其是英文中典型的句型,如: rather than, more A than B

33、, not so much A as B etc.最后作出正確選擇.關于事實細節題在四級考試中常以兩種形式出現,即:1) 針對文中所列舉的例子進行提問:What does the author mean/ want to say by mentioning the example in Para 2/ 3/ 6?What does the example in Para 1/ 4 best illustrate/ support?等等這時候，只需要讀該例子的前或后一句子就可找到答案）針對文中支撐句之間的邏輯關系進行提問：Who .?When / Under what circumstances

34、 ?Where .?What ?Why .?How .?這時候，就應找出文中相對應的銜接詞，典型句型，同義轉換等，選擇正確答案閱讀理解4-判斷推理題判斷推理題 (包括觀點態度題) :善于閱讀的人不僅能讀出作者提供的直接信息, 更能讀出文中字里行間的言外之意 (read between/ beyond the lines for the implied meanings), 進行合乎邏輯的推理, 判斷, 總結, 從而得出合理的推理結論.一般而言, 判斷推理題有兩種: 對文章的某些內容, 結構等進行推斷; 對作者的觀點, 態度, 語氣等進行推斷.推理題常用提問句式1. We can infer(推

35、斷)from the passage that _ .2.The story suggests(暗示)that _ .3.We can conclude(得出結論)from the passage that _ .4.Which of the following might happen later ?5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ .6.The writer of the passage considers it _ .7. Which of the following indicates / implies_?態度題常用提問句式1.What

36、s the authors main point?2.The author seems to agree that_3.In the authors opinion,_4.According to the author,_5.This authors attitude towards . can best be described as_6.The authors main purpose in writing this paragraph is to_.7. The tone of this passage is best described as_推理題解題步驟:在閱讀中，人們首先理解的是

37、語言的字面意義，即詞匯的所指意義（denotative meaning）。然而，語言所表達的內容常常超過其字面意義。這就需要我們掌握邏輯判斷和推理的方法，根據事物發展的自然規律以及語言本身的內在聯系，從一定的文字符號中獲得盡可能多的信息。閱讀者在閱讀過程難以正確理解文本的意義，主要原因是：1）缺少必要背景知識2）句子結構復雜造成思維混亂3）特殊句型的涵義不明，無法正確判斷 1) 通讀全文, 對文章的大意, 作者的態度, 觀點等有個整體把握. Skim for the general ideas.2) 帶著問題尋讀. Scan with the questions in mind.3) 特別注意

38、作者的措詞. Pay special attention to the writers choice of words. 因為作者的獨特措詞 往往可以反映出他的觀點, 態度; 考生也可把握文章的語言風格.考生應特別注意形容詞,副詞,感嘆詞及一些帶有強烈感情色彩的動詞等.4) 做題時, 首先排除明顯的干擾項（即: directly stated statements; false statements), 然后以文章的事實為依據,作出正確判斷. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not

39、 because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has

40、become an area of study in modem life. Q: We can learn from the paragraph that_.food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it

41、and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefor

42、e, has become an area of study in modem life. Q: We can learn from the paragraph that_.food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet 推理題練習推理題練習Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not en

43、ough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. .Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打噴嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far les

44、s of it, but to me it is important.Q: What is the authors attitude toward dreaming? He likes it B. He thinks it puzzling. C. He used to like it D. He dislikes it Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. .Most people do not seem to accept dre

45、aming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打噴嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.Q: What is the authors attitude toward dreaming? He

46、 likes it B. He thinks it puzzling. C. He used to like it D. He dislikes it 推理題練習After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest。 Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible f

47、or your body to prepare itself for the next day. Q: The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quicklyAfter a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest。 Sleep is necessary for good heal

48、th. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. Q: The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C

49、. dream more often D. breathe quickly語義題練習 In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never int

50、ended to be seen the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. （CET-4, 2008.6.） Q: What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked”? A) Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means t

51、o look into others secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.A) Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look in

52、to others secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it wa

53、s taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. (CET-4, 1990.1.) Q: “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_”. A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed t

54、o The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deepe

55、r parts of the sea. (CET-4, 1990.1.) Q: “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_”. A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to 詞義題練習詞義、態度題練習 The existence of the so-called “halo effect” has long been recognized. It is the phenomenon whereby we assume that because people are good at

56、 doing A they will be good at doing B, C and D (or vice versa because they are bad at doing A they will be bad at doing B, C and D). The phrase was first coined by Edward Thorndike, a psychologist who used it in a study published in 1920 to describe the way that commanding officers rated their soldi

57、ers. Later work on the halo effect suggested that it was highly influenced by the first impression. If we see a person first in a good light, it is difficult subsequently to darken that light. This is used by advertisers who pay heroic actors and beautiful actresses to promote products in which they

58、 have absolutely no expertise. Q1: The phrase “vice versa” in Para.1 can be replaced by “_”. A) the reverse B) the equal C) differently D) similarly Q1: The phrase “vice versa” in Para.1 can be replaced by “_”. A) the reverse B) the equal C) differently D) similarly Q2: What seems to be the authors

59、attitude toward the “halo effect” used by advertisers? A) Approval.B) Disapproval. C) Neutral. D) Indifferent.Q2: What seems to be the authors attitude toward the “halo effect” used by advertisers? A) Approval.B) Disapproval. C) Neutral. D) Indifferent. The existence of the so-called “halo effect” h

60、as long been recognized. It is the phenomenon whereby we assume that because people are good at doing A they will be good at doing B, C and D (or vice versa because they are bad at doing A they will be bad at doing B, C and D). The phrase was first coined by Edward Thorndike, a psychologist who used