1、Lesson ThreePub Talk and the Kings English第1頁，共164頁。Aims To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples To know how to make good conversation To trace the history of the Kings English To analyse the features of spoken EnglishTo appreciate the language features 第2頁，

2、共164頁。Teaching Contents1. Exposition 2. History of Britain 2. Detailed study of the text3. Organizational pattern4. Language features5. The characteristics of spoken English 第3頁，共164頁。Time allocation1. Exposition and history (15 min.)2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.)3. Structure analysis (15

3、min.)4. Language appreciation (15 min.)5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min) 第4頁，共164頁。Writing stylea piece of expositionWhat is Kings English?What is pub talk?第5頁，共164頁。Writing styleThe title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer i

4、s going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the kings English第6頁，共164頁。Writing styleWhereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation.He feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own.第7頁，共164頁。Writing styleTh

5、e writer illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English.The thesis - in the opening sentence of Para 1.第8頁，共164頁。Writing styleConversation is the most sociable of all human activities.The last sentence of the

6、 last par. winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane (禍害）of good conversation . talking sense“第9頁，共164頁。Writing styleThe real thesis - in the 3rd para. “Bar conversation has a charm of its own”.A better title would be: The Art of Good Conversation“The Charms of Conversation第10頁，共164頁。The H

7、istory of Britain1.The native people in Britain Celts - Celt (language)2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years Latin (language)第11頁，共164頁。The History of Britain3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England English - old English第12頁，共164頁。The H

8、istory of Britain4. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition.*http:/www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/o_neo_bronze.shtml *第13頁，共164頁。Detailed st

9、udy of the textpub talk - conversation held in the public houseThe Kings English - standard English第14頁，共164頁。Detailed study of the textConversation is the .:Conversation helps to promote an agreeable pleasant and informal relationship among people.第15頁，共164頁。sociable - friendly; agreeableThe smiths

10、 are a sociable family.We spent a sociable evening drinking the other day.A sociable person is one who is friendly.第16頁，共164頁。And it is an activity only of human- And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.第17頁，共164頁。intr

11、icate - complicatedThe intricate computer requires a skilled operator.an intricate argument / plot design / pattern第18頁，共164頁。indulge in - enjoy; satisfy 容許自己享受； 盡情allow oneself to have or enjoyHe indulged heavily in conversation and drink.第19頁，共164頁。indulge in He occasionally indulges in the luxury

12、 of a good cigar.We indulge in an expensive supper after the concert.Nazi madmen indulged in the torture of their victims before they killed them.第20頁，共164頁。Par. 2 How to make good conversation?第21頁，共164頁。What makes good conversation?1. Anything can start a conversation. It does not need a special t

13、opic to start a conversation. And once started, no one knows how or where it will end.第22頁，共164頁。What makes good conversation? 2. What spoils the conversation is people who think they have a lot of important things to say. He who would have anything important to say spoils the conversation.3. Conver

14、sation is not for making a point.第23頁，共164頁。What makes good conversation? 4. There is no winning in conversation. One does not try to prove himself right and others wrong. We may argue but we neednt try to convince others that they are wrong and we are right.第24頁，共164頁。make a point - prove effective

15、ly truth of ones statement by argument or in some other way.立論； 證明觀點This is the first point I want to make.In this case he made a point. 在這一點上，他發表了自己的觀點。第25頁，共164頁。in a flash - in a secondIn a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients.Everything happened in a flash.a flash in a pan

16、第26頁，共164頁。They are ready to let it go.- They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects)第27頁，共164頁。metaphormeanderleap - river 1. flow slowly turning here and there2. jump over第28頁，共164頁。metaphorSparkleglow - fire

17、 1. small flashes2. bright light第29頁，共164頁。mixed metaphor meander/ sparkle - smooth / peacefulleap / glow - exciting / heatedThe writer in the same sentence compares conversation to river and fire as well.第30頁，共164頁。Para 3 the real thesis - Bar conversation has a charm of its own第31頁，共164頁。Why does

18、the writer like bar conversation so much?1. The writer is only a frequenter of pubs.2. Bar goers are not intimate friends.Bar/church, the place for people to make friends. Bar plays an important role in social activities in the western world.第32頁，共164頁。on the rocks - infml clich1. wrecked or ruinedM

19、r Jones business was on the rocks. = His business was losing money and almost ruined.第33頁，共164頁。on the rocks2.with ice onlySally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.= Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes.Marriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.第34頁，共164頁。Ancient superstition:1.

20、get out of bed on the wrong sideget up on the wrong side of the bed第35頁，共164頁。Ancient superstition Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the grumpy or bad mood.Go bac

21、k to bed and get up on the right side.第36頁，共164頁。Ancient superstition2. “Step on a spider. it is sure to rain”This superstition is told to all children, because no one wants it to rain. Spiders generally live a long and healthy life.3. The number 13 has often been thought to be a bad omen. People sh

22、ould never invite 13 guests to dinner. It is believed that one will die before the year is out .第37頁，共164頁。Ancient superstition4. Friday the 13th is day to stay at home and do nothing. It is doubly unlucky, when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday. Bad things will happen. Many people refrain fro

23、m starting activities on the 13th to make sure no evil will happen to them.第38頁，共164頁。up-bringing - the training and education received while growing upHis upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.第39頁，共164頁。of ones own - belong strictly to oneselfShe has a mind of her own. 她頗有主見。F

24、or reasons of his own, he refused to join the club.由于某些個人理由，他拒絕參加那個俱樂部。第40頁，共164頁。delve dig, research; investigatedelve into book 專研書本delve into the past 調查過去的情況If you delve into sth, you try to discover new information about it.第41頁，共164頁。two kinds of language:a) colloquial expressionon the rocksge

25、t out of bed on the wrong sideb) literary allusion 文學典故， 引喻 in reference to a person; event; story第42頁，共164頁。Musketeers of Dumas“/dumas/biographie.phpThe three Musketeers in Dumas novel are very close friends. They supported each other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity

26、 in or tried to find out anything about each others private life. 第43頁，共164頁。Para.1-3 Questions:How do you comment on the title?What is the first topic the writer puts forward?Do you think the writer sticks to this topic?What makes a good conversation?Why does the writer like bar conversation so muc

27、h?第44頁，共164頁。Para. 4Specific example. It may be used as a transitional paragraph. In order to arouse the readers curiosity the writer didnt mention the topic until the next paragraph.第45頁，共164頁。desultory - aimless, half-hearted (fml) 散漫The word comes from the Latin desultor - leaper . Something that

28、 is desultory is done or happen in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm.第46頁，共164頁。desultory There were some desultory attempts to defend him.He began to look desultorily for another apartment. a conversation 漫談 research 漫無邊際的研究 a walk 漫步第47頁，共164頁。commonplace - ordinary, common

29、Disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace. Air travel has now become .n. In earlier centuries the death of children was a commonplace.第48頁，共164頁。alchemy - magicthe form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, which was especially concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals

30、into gold.a literary use, the power to do sth. so well that it seems mysterious and magical the alchemy of his performance第49頁，共164頁。affirmation - a statement of your belief in and support for them the denunciation of privilege and affirmation 指責特權 affirmation of equality 贊同平等第50頁，共164頁。a term of cr

31、iticism - why?The Kings English is a kind of language one should try to use and imitate. Someone told me that the language should not be used. The term is criticizing instead of praising.第51頁，共164頁。convict - a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison esp. for a long timean esca

32、ped convictan ex-con 前科犯第52頁，共164頁。barrier, obstacle, difficultydifficulty - the most general of the words and may be applied loosely to any troublesome state of affairsto have difficulty in learning higher mathematicsthe difficulty of driving a car through deep mud第53頁，共164頁。barrier, obstacle, diff

33、iculty obstacle - something that one must either remove or go around before being able to proceed The huge tree that had been blown down by the storm was an obstacle to traffic.Ill health may be an obstacle to a childs progress in school.第54頁，共164頁。barrier, obstacle, difficulty barrier - an obstacle

34、 that temporarily impedes progress but is not necessarily impassable.Writers never tire of depicting the barriers that arise between parents and growing children.第55頁，共164頁。barrierThe thick walls and moats of castles were built as barriers against attackers.城堡修筑厚實的城墻及護城河都是為了將其用作防御進攻的障礙物。第56頁，共164頁。c

35、hurl - (old use) a person of low birth, esp. a peasant第57頁，共164頁。swing - (cause to) change to a large degreeShe swung from happiness to tearsThe value of the dollar swung downwards.第58頁，共164頁。Par 8History of English. TThe writer here makes digression to show conversation going on without focus.第59頁，

36、共164頁。out of snobbery - (in order) because they want to show their superior taste in matter of food.第60頁，共164頁。out of snobberyIn English restaurants, esp, in high-class restaurants, the names of the dishes on the menus are quite often in French. This is done out of snobbery because in the Western co

37、untries people consider French food to be the best.第61頁，共164頁。out of snobberyBut even if they wrote their menus in English, they would have to use many words, such as pork, beef, veal, poultry etc derived from French and which were first introduced into England by the Norman rulers.第62頁，共164頁。snobbe

38、ry -1. the attitude of someone who belongs to or admires the higher social class of society, and despises people of a lower social class第63頁，共164頁。snobbery -2. the attitude of sb, who believes that his own special tastes, interests and abilities are superior to those of other people.snobbish / snob第

39、64頁，共164頁。rift - fml, lit.1. a crack, narrow opening made by breakingThe sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.2. (fig) division Im afraid theres been a rift between us. A deep rift has started in their family life.第65頁，共164頁。Par.10 example to show class distinctionscamper -When people or small

40、animals scamper, they move with small, quick, bouncing steps.The mouse scampered into its hole.第66頁，共164頁。turn up ones nose at - a trite expressionshow contempt for / ignore / score / consider sth not good enoughI wish my child wouldnt turn up his nose at vegetables.第67頁，共164頁。turn up ones nose atMy

41、 friend turns up his nose at anyone who hasnt had a college education.- turn up ones toes to die (slang)第68頁，共164頁。bilingual education - using two languages in teaching Since there are now some two or three million Americans of Latin American parentage whose language is Spanish, a recent movement ha

42、s been for bilingual education, usually English and Spanish. Under this plan, students whose first language is sth other than English receive instruction in that language as well as English, so as not to deprive them of equal educational opportunity. 第69頁，共164頁。bilingual educationThis proposal, whic

43、h has been only sporadically（不時發生地） implemented （執行，生效）has caused a great deal of controversy in the US.第70頁，共164頁。bi + adj. - meaning double, two, appearing twicebimonthly 每月二次biannual 每年二次biplane 雙翼飛機第71頁，共164頁。into the shoes of - (infml) in the position of experiencing what another has to experie

44、nceIm glad Im not in his shoe just now.第72頁，共164頁。cultural humiliation -The English must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language and to accept a foreign language. So they took up arms against this cultural humiliation. The leader is Hereward the Wak

45、e.第73頁，共164頁。Hereward the Wake3image-1*an Anglo-Saxon patriot and rebel leader, he rose against the Norman conquerors but was defeated. This sentence means like Herewaaard the Wake, when the English rose against the Norman conquerors, they must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to l

46、isten to and use a foreign language to accept a foreign culture.第74頁，共164頁。heirs to it - it is not clear1. the English we speak and write in America today also shows the French influence of that time. We have inherited this French influence on the English language.第75頁，共164頁。heirs to it2. In America

47、 today we are facing the same problem that existed in England 900 years ago. The problem of having two languages existing side by side.(English and Spanish)第76頁，共164頁。Par 12 the history of the Kings EnglishNewes - archaic spellingStrange News of the Intercepting Certain Lettersthou clipst the Kings

48、English - middle English第77頁，共164頁。clip - simplifyabbreviate in speech or writing as nkyou for thank you“They gave him clipped and precise instructions.His plays are written in a very clipped style. A clipped style of language expresses things quickly and clearly using as few words as possible.第78頁，

49、共164頁。Gods patience.There will be a great trying of ones patience and plentiful misuse of the Kings English.No matter how patient you are, you wont be able to bear him, because he will even try Gods patience. God is more patient than any human being.第79頁，共164頁。abusing 1. take unfair or undue advanta

50、ge of (ones patience)2. improper or incorrect use of language (the Kings English)第80頁，共164頁。come into its own -receive what properly belongs to one, esp acclaim or recognition 獲得應得的She didnt really come into her own until shed won the election for Party leader. 才奠定了應有的地位With the success of the Model

51、 T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own.隨著T型福特汽車的成功，汽車工業受到了應有的重視。第81頁，共164頁。Elizabethans-the famous writers in Elizabethan time (period)Shakespeare/ Milton第82頁，共164頁。SimileExtended simile blow on a dandelion clock seeds multiplied floated to the ends of the earthTo spread the English lang

52、uage is compared to the blowing of a dandelion clock.English was spread far and wide by those famous writers.第83頁，共164頁。The Kings English was no longer.“The use of English was no longer restricted to a certain race or class. Now English is used both by the King and common people in England.第84頁，共164

53、頁。pejorative disparaging, downgrading(a word, phrase) that suggests that somebody or sth, is bad or worthlessI didnt think he is using inequality in a pejorative sense.第85頁，共164頁。facetious - comes from the French faetie - a jestjoking esp. at an inappropriate timeI became angry with that facetious b

54、oy.A phrase used pejoratively or facetiously is clearly lowered in importance and dignity.第86頁，共164頁。underling(s) - deroga person of low rank or position in relation to another such as a servant第87頁，共164頁。English as it should be spoke“The deliberate poor grammar used here reflects the desire by some

55、 members of the lower classes to strip the language of any pretence, to keep it from being used in snobbish way.第88頁，共164頁。Carlyle - Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)a Scottish essayist and historian and a very strong voice in the intellectual circles of Victorian England.Carlyleism卡萊爾風格第89頁，共164頁。harden -

56、 become hard or forcefulThere exists a kind of danger. Thats for us, words will become concrete things.第90頁，共164頁。edict - (fml)an official public order having the force of law, which everyone must obey a firm, authoritative command or instruction第91頁，共164頁。immune (to) 不受影響的If you are immune to sth.

57、that happens or is done, you are not affected by it.He was immune to the flattery of others people.The American economy is proving surprisingly immune to big fluctuations 波動in interest rates.be against attackbe from taxationn. diplomatic immunity外交豁免權第92頁，共164頁。common sense - 頭腦，見地， 應有的判斷力practical

58、good sense and judgment gained from experience, rather than special knowledge from school or study第93頁，共164頁。common sensea persons natural ability to make good judgments and to behave in a practical and sensible way.1. Although she is not very clever shes got a lot of common sense.2. Havent you enou

59、gh to know that its unwise to go swimming just after a big meal?第94頁，共164頁。ultimatum - a final statement of terms made by one party or another. There is an implication of serious penalties if the terms are not accepted. The word comes from Latin “ultimatus” (last) and is obviously related to “ultima

60、te” 最后通牒; 最后條件第95頁，共164頁。ultimatum -When Iran held American diplomats hostage, ultimatums were issued by the Iranian now and then demanding concession from the Americans if their demands were not met.第96頁，共164頁。Detailed study of the textThe Kings English sets up an excellent standard for us to imita