1、Research on Promotion of Cable for Underground Application (II) Made for ICAChina Project no.: 02INICAS012-034-007Content總目錄I：Background 5 -11II：Executive Summary 12-23III： Acceptable Investment Quantity For Power Supply Bureau 24-27IV：Different models of fund-rising in underground cabling construct

2、ion28-65V：Two construction model to be focused：“Separation from tunnel and cable &Tunnel renting 66-70VI：Market Strategy Analysisi 70-731Part one：project backgroundBackgroundReview of Research Phase IObjective and Method of Research Phase II第六部分2BackgroundAs high quality conductor, copper always per

3、forms a very important role in cable field. In recent years, copper cable occupies 90% in the new-constructed underground cable by Chinas urban power supply bureauMeanwhile, overhead line is still the major part in urban power supplying lines, underground cable takes only 10% of it. It is no doubt t

4、hat to accelerate the the urban underground cabling brings huge potential for copper consumptionICA (China) attaches high importance on the the copper potential from underground cabling and the effective way to access it, SINOTRUST was entrusted to do market research on it to build ICAs market strat

5、egyTwo research phase was conducted by SINOTRUST(in 2001 and 2002 separately) ：Phase I：feasibility to push underground cabling,copper potential , design making chain& key factors, target marketPhase II: Effective way to push the underground cabling, market strategy in target market3Research results

6、retrospect of the first stage(2001) Research goalResearch approachMain conclusion4Research goal of the first stage( 2001) Feasibility of pushing the underground cablingSituation & feature of underground cablingDecision chain and decision factor pushing the underground cablingCopper potential Target

7、market5Research approach of the first stage( 2001) Project EvaluationDesk researchExperts focus groupForecast of underground cabling in ChinaKey factors and effective pushing methodUnderground cabling construction surveyIn-depth interview on 6key citiesTelephone survey on 24 citiesThe current situat

8、ion of Chinas urban construction of cable, the typical cases of influence factor, decision-making mechanism, characteristic difference, cable construction Condition and coverage of underground cabling in target citiesResponds：chief of power supply bureau and planning committee Targeting Area：shenzhe

9、n、qingdao、zhuhai、tianjin、wuhan、xian、chengdu、nanjingResponds：chief of technique and operating department in local power supply bureausExperts attended : State Power Group Urban Construction GroupState Academy Power ScienceAssociation of China Power Enterprises City Construction Planning Institute Pow

10、er Supply BureauPlanning & Designing Institute of Construction Ministry6The perfect opportunity to push 推進電纜入地存在良好的市場機遇中國城市化率突破30%，進入城市化加速開展時期在供電方式的選擇上，中國的城市政府普遍傾向于電纜供電，關(guān)注市容市貌個別城市曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了較好的電纜入地建立處理方法，為電纜供電的的規(guī)模推行提供了實際多數(shù)城市電纜化程度僅有10-20%，電纜入地的潛在需求很大，由此帶來的電纜用銅潛力非常可觀按照目前城市發(fā)布的2001-2021年道路建立方案，城市需求鋪設(shè)的電纜量非?？捎^，

11、多數(shù)大中城市的市區(qū)電纜化率方案在70-80%，而目前的實踐程度是10-20%2002-2006期間，假設(shè)所關(guān)注的20個重點城市可以實現(xiàn)架空線入地方案，電纜用銅的消費潛力將到達239，040噸根據(jù)城市需求改造的架空線的規(guī)模，建立的實力等要素，20個大中城市被選擇為適宜優(yōu)先推行架空線入地的地方：上海、北京、長春、昆明、武漢、廈門、青島、成都、鄭州、哈爾濱、齊齊哈爾、沈陽、大連、杭州、蘭州、西安、南京、溫州、煙臺、寧波、第一階段2001主要研討結(jié)論-17目前城市電纜供電的運用比例還很低，電纜化率同需求的程度之間差距很大，主要的緣由是由于供電企業(yè)和地方政府在出資問題上存在意見分歧供電部門是電纜入地的實

12、踐建立者，為了節(jié)省本錢他們傾向于運用架空線，不情愿單獨負擔(dān)全部的電纜建立本錢地方政府的規(guī)劃部門是電纜供電的積極支持者和倡導(dǎo)者，但是他們以為電力電纜不屬于根底設(shè)備，因此不用由政府負擔(dān)全部建立費用電纜建立與城市的道路規(guī)劃建立結(jié)合在一同，城市的道路建立管理部門是推進電纜入地的決策部分目前城市規(guī)劃與電力部門均沒有系統(tǒng)的電纜建立規(guī)劃，電纜入地是作為道路配套設(shè)備的內(nèi)容之一，以單個工程的方式進展第一階段2001主要研討結(jié)論-28研討發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市的土地貯藏制度程度對于電纜入地建立有支持作用，電纜入地建立較好的先進城市，其土地貯藏也比較興隆土地貯藏為城市提供了建立資金來源。電纜建立程度高的城市，多數(shù)是由于土地貯藏

13、提供了部分或者全部電纜建立的費用目前，超越1/3的城市開場實行土地貯藏和拍賣制度，可以預(yù)期未來電纜建立會得到更多的資金支持籌資方法是決議電纜入地程度最關(guān)鍵的要素。目前，曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了以青島的“管線分別方式和深圳市的“熟地方式為代表的兩種出資方式城市政府和供電局對于電纜供電的優(yōu)越性有一致的認識，分歧在于能否應(yīng)該由供電局負擔(dān)全部建立費用資金來源是電纜建立的中心問題，尋覓到適當(dāng)?shù)幕I資方式就處理了架空線入地的難題目前，架空線入地比較勝利的做法有：青島市：“管線分別方式；深圳市： “熟地方式；第一階段2001主要研討結(jié)論-39Research background at the second stage(

14、2002) Research goalResearch contentResearch approach10Research goal and research contents of second stage( 2002)Research goal：Probe into different schemes which solve the key fund-raising problem on the basis of studying in 2001, confirm the target market during 2003-2006, make the corresponding pop

15、ularization tactics. Research contents:The power supply enterprise, to the understanding providing funds and proportion of sharing liked to accept Research different raising funds mode of typical city Fund-raising mode of construction of cable that merit attention and popularized Target market resea

16、rch:、shanghai With copper potentiality, tactics of advancing 11Research approach of the second stage( 2002) The power supply enterprise pays the will to investigate: Study the construction investment way of the cable and investment way which the power supply enterprise can accept at present in each

17、city. Investigation method: Telephone pollResponds：chief of technique and operating department in local power supply bureausSample amount: 24 citiesTypical urban survey of the mode that different to raise funds: Study the pluses and minuses of mode of raising funds differently, fund-raising choosing

18、 to be worth popularizing and building experience.Investigation method: depth interviewResponds: Urban planning bureau, power supply bureau, road builds management organization and overhead wire and enters the management organization of groundSample amount: 6 cities: , Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, S

19、henyang, Shenzhen12Research approach of the second stage( 2002) The policy support of the power supply of cable is studied: Study the power supply of cable in the feasibility which obtains the policy support and way to cooperate with government Investigation method: depth interview Responds:Relevant

20、 state organ: Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Land and Natural Resources.Local government organs of the target market: Planning commission of , building committee, planning the committee,etc. Research institution and trade organize experts: Planning institute of Ministry of Construction, the p

21、lanning and design institute of , fund research center of territory,etc.13第二階段研討主要結(jié)論-1土地貯藏制度在國內(nèi)普遍展開，城市政府添加了收入來源、對于電纜入地建立的支持才干加強。但是由于土地貯藏收入的支配在各個城市差別很大，一定時期內(nèi)還無法爭取到讓一切城市為電纜入地劃分固定的投入比例城市供電局表示不能獨立負擔(dān)電纜入地建立，情愿與城市政府共同分擔(dān)，情愿分擔(dān)的比例在1/3到1/2之間目前，架空線入地問題的處理，其決策實施中心在于各個城市而不是中央政府，但是建立部曾經(jīng)開場關(guān)注地下電纜與其他共同管線問題，希望從政策上掃除妨礙

22、地下管線共同建立的妨礙，估計會構(gòu)成有利于架空線入地建立的政策環(huán)境14第二階段研討主要結(jié)論-2經(jīng)過對于不同籌資建立方式的城市進展調(diào)查，理想的架空線入地方式要滿足以下條件把電力電纜建立當(dāng)作城市的根底設(shè)備建立的一部分共同分擔(dān)，減輕政府和供電局負擔(dān)有制度化處理方式。變不規(guī)律的暫時工程補貼為制度化的“國土基金有相應(yīng)的組織和規(guī)范建立。設(shè)立專門的組織，例如“管線辦，專職擔(dān)任入地建立引入社會投資，變無償為有償運用，提高資金投入的熱情以沈陽為代表的社會投資建立管線的方式和深圳為代表的“國土基金方式是目前比較勝利和有代表性的電纜建立籌資方式15第二階段研討主要結(jié)論-3北京市在奧運建立期間提供了架空線入地極大的有利

23、條件估計2003-2021年期間，所運用的電纜用銅將在40，000噸以上北京市曾經(jīng)實施電費加價，以支持奧運建立期間的電力建立雖然所需的建立資金曾經(jīng)處理，北京市的架空線入地依然存在不確定性電費加價資金完全由供電局支配，而供電局對于電纜建立的熱情并不高，無法保證建立資金用于架空線入地建立政府缺乏相應(yīng)的機構(gòu)來監(jiān)視和推進架空線入地，難以保證架空線入地的方案和實施16Part three: the acceptable way and input in replace of overhead line with underground cable for the power supply bureau

24、The key factor for low underground cabling level is that the power supply bureau burdens most of the input without sharing The power supply enterprise expresses willingness to share the construction expenses with the local government together, Unwilling to bear alone. The key discrepancy hindering t

25、he local government and power supply bureau to comprise is the : whether the power cable construction is part of infrastructures or not?第二部分17Summary: Practice shows, fund-raising problem can only be solved by sharing together , for both the local government and power supply bureau. The power supply

26、 bureau neither objects nor has enthusiasm to the overhead wire entering.If does not share and support , the cable that Most cities are willing to construct will not exceed 10 kilometers every year. By the look of investigation result, 1/3 districts that bear ground-entering expenses alone have a co

27、mmon characteristic .Currently, underground-entering level is far from which the local government requires. The cable rate is below 30% in most cities, large cities included too. It seems hard to solve the conflict between local government and power supply bureau. The local planning committee carrie

28、d severe punishment on the power supply bureau when they dont build underground cable as requested. But what they have done profit little, they lack effective way if their requirement is neglected. They cant collapse the “illegal overhead line because which will harm the citizens daily life. Most un

29、derground cable was built during the national upgrading of urban power net. With the the termination power net upgrading, the speed of underground cabling slowly down simultaneously. Experience from Guangzhou shows us that it is not feasible for the government to burden all the input too. Practice s

30、hows that ,in constructing cable, local government share the input with power supply bureau, is the only way第五部分18在過去的幾年里，借助城網(wǎng)改造，城市供電公司承當(dāng)著大多數(shù)的電纜建立費用資料來源：新華信2002年市場調(diào)查架空線入地的任務(wù)主要由供電部門在承當(dāng)?shù)诙糠?9多數(shù)供電企業(yè)表示無力單獨負擔(dān)架空線入地，希望與地方政府共同承當(dāng)?shù)诙糠?情愿負擔(dān)全部建立費用2城市供電公司)不會出任何費用或僅可出很少費用 6城市供電公司情愿與政府共同分擔(dān)16城市供電公司20多數(shù)供電企業(yè)表示無力單獨負擔(dān)架

31、空線入地，希望與地方政府共同承當(dāng)只需市政府有規(guī)定, 供電局情愿承當(dāng),由于經(jīng)濟比較興隆 ，有支付才干1城市假設(shè)政府情愿投資給予支持,我們本身是情愿進展電纜入地任務(wù)的1城市 資料來源：2002年4-5月，新華信公司對于全國范圍內(nèi)24個城市的供電公司進展了隨機采訪，調(diào)查了對于架空線入地建立問題的看法電纜建立屬于市政工程建立,應(yīng)由政府承當(dāng) 一部分費用2城市電纜建立雖然是供電部門本人的事情,但是政府可以分擔(dān)費用最好 1城市電纜入地應(yīng)該得到補償，供電局只擔(dān)任電纜的鋪設(shè)問題 1城市城網(wǎng)老化景象嚴重,供電局希望將更多的錢投入到電網(wǎng)改造上進展入地的話政府必需給予補償1城市 本人出資料,政府建溝,假設(shè)是公用電纜溝

32、,那么情愿一次向政府支付50%建溝費,如和其他管線建在一同,那么需求進展核算 1城市以為電纜入地牽涉部門很多, 應(yīng)有政府擔(dān)任協(xié)調(diào)各部門間關(guān)系并給予補貼1城市 在架空線改造中，埋地電纜的管溝是市政設(shè)備,應(yīng)該由政府建立交給供電局無償運用8城市 城市電纜建立完全由其上級單位省電力公司承當(dāng), 由市電力局本身不承當(dāng)任何費用，所以完全承當(dāng)也無所謂1城市第二部分情愿負擔(dān)全部建立費用2城市供電公司情愿與政府共同分擔(dān)16城市供電公司 21相當(dāng)一部分城市供電公司以為架空線入地的主要益處是美化市容，對于電力公司而言沒有很大益處，因此不情愿投入不主張電纜入地,緣由,1投入大產(chǎn)出小,無收益,2把架空塔建的美觀些,線路架

33、高,下邊綠化好,也很美觀,大規(guī)模入地,出現(xiàn)缺點,搶修不便 1城市 電纜建立是國家電力公司的事情,地方供電企業(yè)和地方政府都不該出錢 1城市 供電企業(yè)經(jīng)濟實力有限，沒有必要大規(guī)模建立埋地電纜 1城市 只情愿進展新電纜的入地任務(wù),不情愿改建架空線，建的話需求政府本人想方法 2城市 電纜入地從根本上就是政府的事情,電纜入地只是會給供電局添加費事 ，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該由政府擔(dān)任出資建立1城市 第二部分不會出任何費用或很少費用 6城市供電公司22假設(shè)與政府分擔(dān)架空線入地義務(wù)，供電局可以付多少費？第二部分 情愿付電纜資料費4 城市供電公司可以承當(dāng)一半以上 7 城市供電公司只能負擔(dān)1/3以下12城市供電公司23架空線入

34、地，供電公司情愿負擔(dān)多少？ 第二部分24電力電纜能否屬于根底設(shè)備，成為“架空和“埋地之間爭論的焦點，城市政府以為建電纜是供電的義務(wù)，而供電局那么以為架空線入地屬于公共設(shè)備，需求得到城市的支持。由于沒有構(gòu)成一致的認識，過去幾年里，供電局不斷承當(dāng)著架空線改造的主要責(zé)任，這是呵斥城市的電纜建立程度低的重要緣由之一城市規(guī)劃與供電部門之間不斷有下述的不一致認識：城市規(guī)劃部門代表性看法：供電是企業(yè)，建立電纜是它本人的事情，政府沒必要補貼供電局代表性觀念：供電是公共根底設(shè)備，政府應(yīng)該給予補貼和扶持 架空絕緣線曾經(jīng)可以滿足供電的需求，電纜供電太貴，沒必要第二部分25Section IV Case resear

35、ch: enlightenment of typical cities for construct overhead wire into underground cableShanghai: Confrontation between Overhead and Underground is resolved through institutionalizationShenzhen: Bring cable construction into land reservation systemDalian: Construction of underground cable requires the

36、 treatment of infrastructureGuangzhou: Rebuilding of overhead wire should keep power supply enterprises within bounds of investment together with the governmentShenyang: Exploration on pipeline management method transferring from grand-in-aid to business operation: Increasing the price of power expe

37、nditure is only adoptable for financing method of Olympic Game projects第四部分26Shanghai: Supervisory and management systems for underground cable construction are firstly establishedCable length in Shanghai is nearly 13,000 km today including 35% of underground cable and 8,000 km of overhead wire. At

38、present, above 700 km mainly of power cables are added each year. In central district in Shanghai, cables of 35 KV are 1000 km including about 28% of cables which have operated for more than 40 years and cables of 10 KV are 2000 km including about 14% of cables which have operated for more than 40 y

39、earsShanghai municipal government has clearly shown its altitude of against overhead wire and actively developed power cable construction. The main measures are:New projects much adopt power cable which should be invested by developer and power supply bureau. The range of implementation has enlarged

40、 from urban districts to rural counties Municipal residence bureau recently worked out a stipulation for construction unit that newly constructed residential areas should lay underground cable. This stipulation pointed out that in case the completing cable design solution for power supply, telephone

41、 and cable TV of residential areas being constructed, which has clearly defined to install overhead wire, should put on record to the residential bureau of local district and county and the power cable should be laid underground For those residents in Shanghai which has been completed and approved t

42、o install overhead cable while applying base code, residential bureau will undertake investigation and deal with coordinately. For those suburban residents out of loop lines, residential bureau will, according to the consumable level of these residents, fulfill the pipeline management measures gradu

43、ally and let citizens there also far away from wires and cablesOverhead wires within downtown district should be buried underground along with the road rebuilding. Government will be in charge of construction of cable groove and power supply bureau of cable layout. Pipeline Office under the municipa

44、l administration bureau will supervise underground cable construction and punish those who violate the stipulation according to local cable construction management supervision. From our survey, we can see that these measures are well received by power supply bureaus and pipeline supervision works ar

45、e very effective第四部分上海27Pipeline Office in Shanghai provide us the beneficial exploration to resolve institutionally the confrontation between Overhead and UndergroundUpon establishment of Pipeline Office, underground construction of overhead wire of the city has had its own organizational guarantee

46、. The office listed the Overhead and Underground confrontation which puzzled the government in past time into their own working content and carried out the works of following aspects:Supervision and execution of underground construction of overhead wire. For those overhead which should be buried und

47、erground, Pipeline Office will actively coordinate with power supply bureau and ensure the execution of underground bury. In case the coordination dont achieve effect, Pipeline Office has the right to bury the cable underground by itself and charge the expenditure to the responsible party according

48、to the stipulationPropagation work of underground construction of overhead wire. underground construction of overhead wire is not only the necessity of city development but also the necessary measure of excellent power supplying services. Through organizing systematic researches and propagation, Pip

49、eline Office can raise the recognition of power supply bureaus for underground construction of overhead wire and propel the smooth progress of underground construction of overhead wireResearch and find the most suitable underground construction of overhead wire measuresEnlightenment of underground c

50、onstruction of overhead wire management from Pipeline Office In Shanghai are:It should have laws to follow and corresponding local regulation for supportIt should have special organization as the guarantee of execution第四部分上海28Topics uncompleted by Pipeline Office in Shanghai: How to reduce the heavy

51、 load of cable construction over the shoulder of government?The mission of Pipeline Office in Shanghai is not only to ensure the effectiveness of underground construction of overhead wire but to find suitable financing and managing methods for cable constructionAt present, underground construction o

52、f overhead wire in Shanghai is highly effective. However, it is the government who provide fund to construct cable groove. Thus the expenditure of free power consumption is huge and bring the great pressure to governmental finance statusIn many cities, land storing system gives the great support to

53、the financial status of the local government. However in Shanghai, the highly developed city, undeveloped and re-planned lands are very limited. The government can not realize supporting pipeline with landChanging the gratuitous investment as the payable utilization, undertaking the pipeline constru

54、ction as business operation and leasing the power energy so as to attract social investment to the construction of pipeline and achieve the load reduction of the government are possibly the topics facing by the Pipeline Office in Shanghai in futureExperiences achieved by Shanghai City is particularl

55、y referable to those regions where land developing potential is very limited第四部分上海29Shenzhen: Bring cable construction into land reservation systemHigh cable application level. Since the beginning of 90s, Shenzhen began to carry on overall city planning policy. Particularly in special zone, the muni

56、cipal government began to carry largely on urban power cable construction since 1992. Urban grid rebuilding started in 1998 has made Shenzhen realized the fully cable application level. According to the information provided by cable institute of municipal power supply bureau in Shenzhen, the cable l

57、ength currently in Shenzhen (excluding Shekou Industrial Zone) is 1500 km with averagely annual growth of 200 KM. 90% of the special zone have applied cable Shenzhen government worked out the inflexible stipulations on underground construction of overhead wire. No newly added overhead wire appear in

58、 the city any more and original overhead wire will also be gradually rebuilt into underground cable. In a certain period in future, underground construction of overhead wire out of the special zone will also be completely startedMany cities forcefully stipulated that overhead wire have to be buried

59、underground. However, regarding to the effectiveness, Shenzhen can be said as the model. They institutionalized the management of cable construction and bring it into Land Fund of the institution as one part of the systematic land reservation systemCultivated Land policy in Shenzhen is suitable for

60、all infrastructure including power cable. They practically and institutionally established the necessary relationship between land reservation and infrastructure construction第四部分深圳30Land Fund and Cultivated Land Model: Institutionalized model of infrastructure construction Cable construction method