1、Chapter 11 The Skin Skin：Epidermis、Dermis一、 Histological structure of skin （一）Keratinizing and layers of Epidermis ：A stratified squamous epithelium which consists of keratinocytes and other types of cells ( Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell) 。Five layers of epidermis and keratinization：1、Stra

2、tum Basale2、Stratum Spinosum3、Stratum Granulosum4、Stratum Lucidum5、Stratum Corneum 1、The Stratum Basale ： a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells. 2、The Stratum Spinosum ：410 layers of cells which become irregularly polygonal with moderate flattening parallel to the surface. nucleus is dis

3、tinguishable only in a few cells ( keratohyalin 、tonofilament)3、The Stratum Granulosum : It consists of 23 layers of flattened rhomboid cells whose cytoplasm contains numerous keratohyalin granules. 4、The Stratum Lucidum ：23 layers of flattened and densely packed cells . The nuclei and the outline o

4、f the structures are disappear. 5、The Stratum Corneum：layers of flattened、cornified cells without nuclei (horny cells) and filled with keratin.（二）Unkeratinocyte( Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell) 二、 Dermis ：consists of connective tissue（掌握）1、The Papillary Layer： loose connective tissue. Derma

5、l papillae、tactile corpuscle2、The Reticular Layer： more dense and contains coarse collagenous fibers . There are some little structures such as hair follicle、sebaceous glands and sweat glands in this layer.三、Accessory glands of skin .（熟悉） 1、Hair：hair shaft、hair root、hair follicle、hair bulb、hair papi

6、lla (毛乳頭)、arrector pilimuscle . 2、Sebaceous gland 3、Sweat gland：scrine sweat gland 小apocrine sweat gland 大毛囊Chapter 14 Digestive system一、Generation struction （一）Mucosa：1、Epithelium2、Lamina propria3、Muscularis mucosae（二）Submucosa（三）Muscularis（四）Adventitia三、Esophagus1. Mucosa (15.9) 1). strat. squam.

7、nonkerat. epith. 2). lamina propria. 3). mascularies2. Submucosa 1. esophageal glands mucus secretingC. Muscularis 1. proximal third: skeletal 2. middle third: mixed 3. distal third: smoothD. Adventitia / Serosa IV. StomachA. Gross Anatomy 1. cardiac region 2. fundus 3. body 4. pyloric region 5. rug

8、ae a. mucosa & submucosa（一）. Mucosa 1. surface epithelium a. simple columnar2. lamina propria a. gastric pitsb. gastric glands (branched tubular) 1) chief cells 2) parietal cells 3) mucous neck cells 4) Stem cells: mitotic 5) Endocrine cell Parietal (oxyntic) cells a) pyramidal b) spherical nucleus

9、c) eosinophilic d) mitochondria e) intracellular canaliculus f) microvilli g) secrete HCl , intrinsic factor parietal (oxyntic) cellsrestingactiveZymogenic cells a) rER / basophilic b) synthesize pepsinogen（二）Submucosa （三）Muscularis and Serosa 1. three layers of smooth muscle fibersV. Small Intestin

10、eGross Anatomy 1. regions a. duodenum b. jejunum c. ileum 2. plicae circulares a. mucosa b. submucosa 3. villi (15.20,15.27) a. epithelium b. lamina propria（一）. Mucosa epithelium ：intestinal villussmall interstinal gland 1. simple columnar 1) absorptive cells brush border (mv) 2) goblet cells3) Paneths cells a) eosinophilic, apical secretory granules b) antibacterial 4) enteroendocrine cells5) stem cells圖14-28 小腸腺 示潘氏細胞(焰紅與堅固綠染色）2. Lamina propria a. glands b. capillaries c. lacteals d. smooth muscle fibers e. loose CT f. lymphocytes g. WBCs (二)Submucosa (三）Muscularis