1、US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsDemocracy vs. CommunismCapitalism vs. Socialism1.What is Cold War? 2.why did USA exert the policy of Cold War? The essence of Cold War3.The performance of USA and USSR in politic,economy,military science4.Which event marked the begin and Which event marked t

2、he end of Cold War? 5.The process of Soviet hegemony6.The efforts of the Cold Waroutline何謂何謂“冷戰冷戰”（What is Cold War) 冷戰是指：冷戰是指：1947年1991年間美國為首的西方資本主義國家和蘇聯為首社會主義國家兩個陣營除直接交戰以外，在經濟、政治、軍事、外交、文化、意識形態等各方面都處于對抗狀態的時期。 Cold War refers to:1947-1991 years the United States led western capitalist countries and

3、the Soviet Union socialist countries two camps in addition to the direct engagement, in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural, ideological and other aspects are in a state of confrontation period.The u.s.-led campaign of capitalism Soviet union socialist camp PolicyTruman socialist杜魯門主

4、義European communist partyEconomyMarshall plan 馬歇爾計劃Help each other經互會German problem Piecing together the federal republic of Germany Bolster democracy Germany Military Established NATO 兩大軍事集團對立形成Plan Warsaw Treaty Organization華沙條約組織 兩大陣營與軍事集團社會主義陣營：蘇聯為首華沙條約組織（華約1955）The socialist camp 資本主義陣營：美國為首北大西

5、洋公約組織（北約1949）The capitalist camp美蘇爭霸的過程美蘇爭霸的過程階段劃分階段劃分第一階段第一階段第二階段第二階段第三階段第三階段時間蘇聯領導人美國領導人重大事件爭霸特點實力對比5050年代中期至年代中期至6060年代中期年代中期赫魯曉夫赫魯曉夫肯尼迪肯尼迪第二次柏林危機第二次柏林危機 古巴導彈危機古巴導彈危機緩和緊張緩和緊張優勢在美優勢在美8080年代年代戈爾巴喬夫戈爾巴喬夫里根里根美轉強硬美轉強硬蘇聯收縮蘇聯收縮6060年代中期至年代中期至7070年代末年代末勃列日涅夫勃列日涅夫尼克松尼克松阿富汗戰爭阿富汗戰爭蘇攻美守蘇攻美守Beginning of war: T

6、he historians have so far not reached any agreement on the time in which the Cold War began. It is, however, quite safe to say that since 1947 when President Truman of the United States declared an anti-communist policy, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union has begun.Truman Do

7、ctrine 杜魯門主義Causes of Cold War There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.Causes of

8、 Cold War(1) Underlying causes (i) Ideological (意識形態的) (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(競爭) (2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe (ii) The reactions of the United States (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union Goals of

9、the 2 countriesThe United States, greatly expanded and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前蘇聯的勢力范圍 in Eastern Europ

10、e. The Soviet Union, out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement, 資本主義的包圍was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to defend its sphere of influence at all costs. & The Full Cold War The local hot wars The Western GroupNorth Atlantic Treaty Organiz

11、ation (NATO) （北大西洋公約組織）The Eastern GroupThe Warsaw Treaty Organization(華沙條約組織)The Signing of NATOApril 4, 1949, 12 foreign ministers of the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Italy held the North Atlantic Treaty signing

12、 ceremony in Washington. August 24, the North Atlantic Treaty entered into force. The Signing of the Warsaw Treaty Organization Soviet representative Marshal Zhukov signed the treaty. May 14, 1955 ,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exp

13、loded its first atomic bomb in 1949. Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Arms RaceSpace RaceCold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first arti

14、ficial satellite into geocentric orbit on October 4, 1957. The race to control space was on.April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and first to orbit Earth.US felt a loss of prestige and increased funding for space programs and science education.On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speec

15、h challenging America to land a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade.Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 16, 1969.Built in1961Demolished in 1989Berlin WallThe Cuban Missile Crisis(1962) The crisis began on October 15, 1962 whenreconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under

16、construction in Cuba. After seven days of intense debate within the White House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba

17、 would be regarded as an attack on the US by the USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba. Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he wou

18、ld dismantle the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his trust that the US would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US ass

19、urances not to invade Cuba.左邊漫畫表示的是古巴導彈危機中赫魯曉夫和美國總統肯尼迪的較量。The local hot wars 局域武裝沖突 Whats the local hot wars?the Korean War the Vietnam War the Afghanistan IssueThe Korean War (19501953) On 25 June 1950, the young Cold War（1945-1990）suddenly turned hot, bloody and expensive. Within a few days, North

20、 Koreas invasion to South Korea brought about a United Nations “police action” .That immediately produced heavy military involvement by the United States. So the Korean War began. This was the rough battle plan to the Communist NorthKorea.The operational tools wantonly invaded the Communist North Ko

21、rea from all directions. Although the U.S.A didnt fail in battle,it was a fatal mistake during the Cold War.This event turned the U.S.A from a wonderful position to the opposite ,and it was also Americans Waterloo.The Vietnam War(19551975)The Afghanistan Issue(19791989)Soviet Union wanted to control the Indian Ocean through holding Afghanistan for reaching the goal of taking over the world.The End of the Cold WarThe economic collapse destorys the fragile political system of USSRIn 1991,the disintegration of the Soviet Union means t