1、漢譯英大壩dam水輪機(jī)turbine or a hydraulic turbine調(diào)壓井suger tanks變壓器transformation核能nuclear power水斗葉片bucket葉片，輪葉vane噴射器，噴嘴injector轉(zhuǎn)輪runner噴嘴nozzle噴針needle折向器deflector調(diào)速器governor氣蝕，空化空蝕cavitation圍堰coffer dam水頭head功率power閘門gate閥門valve流量flow轉(zhuǎn)速revolving speed壓力鋼管penstock速度velocity容量capacity電樞armature母線busbars有功功率

2、real power無(wú)功功率reactive power整流器commutator集電環(huán)slipring碳刷brushes定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor磁極pole繼電器relay斷路器break中控室control room水錘water hammer伺服電機(jī)servomotor低電壓low-tension高電壓high-tension自動(dòng)automatic手動(dòng)manual變電站substation調(diào)頻regulationAGC automatic generation controlAVC automatic voltage controlRTU remote terminal units

3、DCS distributed control System英譯漢Spillways溢洪道，泄洪道Open flumes 開(kāi)敞水槽Canal渠道Tunnel隧洞Similarity laws相似理論Model turbine efficiency模型水輪機(jī)效率Prototype turbine efficiency原型水路機(jī)效率Model turbine diameter模型水輪機(jī)直徑Prototype turbine diameter原型水輪機(jī)直徑Hill curves效率曲線Rated output power額定出力Rated power額定功率Synchronous generator

4、s同步發(fā)電機(jī)Induction generator異步發(fā)電機(jī)，感應(yīng)發(fā)電機(jī)Alternating current交流電Direct current直流電Excitation current勵(lì)磁電流Auxiliary generators測(cè)速發(fā)電機(jī)Salient-pole凸級(jí)Copper losses銅耗Core losses鐵芯損耗Friction and windage losses 摩擦風(fēng)阻損失The generation voltage 發(fā)電機(jī)出口電壓Transmission voltage 傳輸電壓Three-phase transformation三相變壓器Lagging curren

5、t滯后電流Leading current超前電流Air gap空氣間隙Three-phase alternator三相交流發(fā)電機(jī)Three-phase stator winding三相定子繞組Exciting coil 勵(lì)磁線圈Alternator terminals交流發(fā)電機(jī)終端Main exciter 主勵(lì)磁機(jī)Auxiliary equipment輔助設(shè)備Governor oil pumps調(diào)速器油泵Air compressors空氣壓縮機(jī)Surface powerhouse地面廠房Layout of a power station發(fā)電廠平面圖Section of a power stat

6、ion發(fā)電廠立面圖Trash rack slot 攔污柵Service valve slot檢修閥門Gantry crane龍門起重機(jī)Ground wire接地線，避雷線Amplifying devices放大裝置Hydraulic-mechanical governor機(jī)械液壓型調(diào)速器Electro-hydraulic type governor電氣液壓型調(diào)速器Electro-hydraulic type governor電氣液壓型調(diào)速器Digital governor數(shù)字型調(diào)速器Control error控制誤差Spinning reserve熱備用Regulations reserve調(diào)

7、頻備用Processing modes控制模式Master station主站Operation consoles運(yùn)行操作臺(tái)Local control level現(xiàn)地控制層Remote control level 遠(yuǎn)程控制層英漢配對(duì)1、Hydraulic turbine水輪機(jī)Impulse turbine沖擊式水輪機(jī)Velocity turbine流速式水輪機(jī)Reaction turbine反擊式水輪機(jī)Pressure turbine壓力式水輪機(jī)2、Head race引水渠Tail race尾水渠Inlet進(jìn)水口Conduit管道，水道Storage reservoir蓄水庫(kù)Tail wate

8、r pool尾水池Head water pool前池3、Bucket水斗葉片Nozzle噴嘴Vane葉片，輪葉4、Earthfill dam土壩Rockfill dam堆石壩Gravity dam重力壩Arch dam拱壩，拱形壩Buttress dam支墩壩Spillways溢洪道，泄洪道5、The spherical valve球閥The butterfly valve蝶閥The needle valve針型閥Tube valve管閥Hollow jet valve 空心射流卸荷閥Conical dispersion valve錐形分散閥Dispersers分散器6、Vertical li

9、ft gates垂直提升式閘門The sliding gates滑動(dòng)式閘門The fix-wheel gates固定輪閘門Radial gates弧形閘門Cylindrical gates圓筒形閘門Draft tube gates尾水管閘門7、supporting frame支架Shaft that transmits the rotating motion of the turbine軸Exciter勵(lì)磁機(jī)Assembly of the built-up rotor轉(zhuǎn)子組合裝配Rotor poles轉(zhuǎn)子磁極Collector rings and brushes or solid-state

10、rectifiers集電環(huán)和碳刷或者整流二極管Stator and its component coils定子線圈Stator coil supports定子線圈支架Air cooler空氣冷卻器Thrust bearing for vertical shaft machines推力軸承Brake剎車翻譯句子1. the dimensions of a main powerhouse refer to its length,width and height.主廠房的尺寸包括長(zhǎng)寬高2. Besides the water passageways and electric system,oil s

11、ystem,water supply system,drainage system,air system,and facilities for lighting,ventilating,heating or air-conditioning,fire-protecting and so on are provided in order to ensure the erection,maintenance and normal operation of the powerhouse.除了引水系統(tǒng)和電氣系統(tǒng)，還提供油系統(tǒng)，供水系統(tǒng)、氣系統(tǒng)、照明、通風(fēng)、制熱制冷系統(tǒng)、消防等，用來(lái)確保廠房的安裝、維護(hù)

12、和正常運(yùn)行。3. Two types of oil are used in a power plant,motor oil and insulaing oil.電廠使用兩種油：汽輪機(jī)油和絕緣油4. A power plant complex usually consists of four parts:the main powerhouse,the auxiliary plant,the transforms yard,and the switch station.發(fā)電廠一般由四部分組成：主廠房、輔助廠房、變壓器室和開(kāi)關(guān)站。5. Distributor assemblies consistin

13、g of spiral cases,head cover,bottom ring,and wicket gate are used to control the amount and direction of the water entering into the rotating turbine.導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)安裝由蝸殼、頂蓋、底環(huán)和用來(lái)控制進(jìn)入旋轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)輪中水的流量和流向的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)葉組成。6. After the adjustment to the reservoir,navigation conditions both upstream and downstream on the Yangtze R

14、iver will have been greatly improved in those seasons when water levels have been low.對(duì)水庫(kù)調(diào)整后，長(zhǎng)江上下游枯水季航運(yùn)條件會(huì)得到較大改善。7. hydroplants may be classified on the basis of hydraulic characteristics as follow:run-off river plants,storage plants,pumped storage plants tidal plants.根據(jù)水利特性把水力發(fā)電站分為下列幾種：徑流式電站、蓄水式電站、

15、抽水蓄能式電站，潮汐電站。8. during peak hours,the water flows from the reservoir to the turbine and electricity is generated.during off-peak hours,the excess power is available from other plant,and is utilized for pumping water from the tail pool to the head pool,this minor plant thus supplements the power of a

16、nother major plant.in such a scheme,the same water is utilized again and again and no water is wasted.在峰荷期間，水從水庫(kù)流入水輪機(jī)而產(chǎn)生電能。在非峰荷期間，利用其他電站的剩余電能，從尾水池抽水到前池，因而這個(gè)較小的電站能為另一個(gè)較大的電站補(bǔ)充電能。在這樣的系統(tǒng)中，同樣的水量被一次又一次的重復(fù)利用，而沒(méi)有被浪費(fèi)。9. although the energy delivered to impulse turbine is all kinetic,while the reaction turbin

17、e utilizes pressure energy as well as kinetic energy,the action of both turbine depends on a change in the momentum of the water so that dynamic force is exerted on the rotaing element,or runner.雖然傳輸?shù)經(jīng)_擊式水輪機(jī)的能量都是動(dòng)能，而反擊式水輪機(jī)利用的能力是壓能和動(dòng)能，但是這兩種類型的水輪機(jī)能力都是靠水的動(dòng)量變化的動(dòng)力作用于旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生的。10. the water being under pres

18、sure,the entire flow from head race to tail race takes place in a closed conduit system and the atmospheric air has no access at any point.水在水頭壓力作用下，在飲水管到尾水管形成的水流處于一個(gè)完全封閉的管路系統(tǒng)，連一絲空氣也無(wú)法跑出。11. the basic components of generators as used with hydraulic turbines are supporting frame,shaft that transmits

19、the rotating motion of the turbine,exciter,assembly of the built-up rotor,rotor poles,collector rings and brushes or soild-state rectifiers,stator and its component coils supports,air cooler,trust bearing for vertical shaft machines,brake.水輪發(fā)電機(jī)的基本組成是：上支架、發(fā)電機(jī)軸、勵(lì)磁機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)子支架、轉(zhuǎn)子磁極、集電環(huán)和碳刷或者固態(tài)整流器、定子線圈、定子線圈支架、

20、空氣冷卻器、推力軸承、制動(dòng)器。12. powerhouses may be divided into three types on the basis of constructional characters:diversion powerhouse,powerhouse at the toe of the dam,block type powerhouse in the river channel.根據(jù)基本結(jié)構(gòu)特性廠房可以被分為三種類型：引水式、壩后式、河床式。13. the main components of hydropower plant are:the dam,the water-

21、conduit system,the powerhouse,the tail-water system,the switchyard and transmissons lines.水電站主要組成有：大壩，引水系統(tǒng)，廠房，尾水系統(tǒng)，開(kāi)關(guān)站和輸電線路。14. hydraulic turbines are machines which convert water energy into mechanical energy.水輪機(jī)是將水能轉(zhuǎn)化成機(jī)械能的機(jī)器。15. a distribution reservoir is a small storage reservoir constructed wit

22、hin a city water supply system.such a reservoir can be filled by pumping water at a certain rate and can be used to supply water even at rates higher than the inflow rate during periods of maximum demands(called critical periods of demand).such reservoirs are,therefore,helpful in permitting the pump

23、s or water treatment plants to work at a uniform rate,and they store water during the hours of no demand or less demand and supply water from their “storage”during the critical periods of maximum demand.配水水庫(kù)是小型蓄水水庫(kù)，建在城市供水系統(tǒng)內(nèi)。這樣的水庫(kù)按一定的流量用抽水方式注滿，在需水量最大的時(shí)期，它的供水量甚至大于水庫(kù)的入流量。因此，這樣的水庫(kù)可以使水泵或水處理廠以均勻的流量進(jìn)行工作，在

24、不用或很少用水的時(shí)期，配水水庫(kù)就蓄存水量：在最大蓄水臨界期，它就從“倉(cāng)庫(kù)”里供水。16.a dam must be relatively impervious to water and capable of resisting the forces acting on it.the most important of these forces are gravity,hydrostatic pressure,uplift,ice pressure,and earthquake forces.these forces are transmitted to the foundation and a

25、butments of the dam,which react against the dam with an equal and opposite forces,the foundation reaction,the effect of hydrostatic pressure caused by sediment deposits in the reservoir and of dynamic forces by water flowing over the dam may require consideration in special cases.壩必須是相對(duì)不透水的，并能經(jīng)受的住作用

26、在上面的各種力。這些作用中最重要的是重力、靜水壓力、揚(yáng)壓力、冰壓力及地震力。這些力傳給壩基和壩座，而壩基對(duì)壩體產(chǎn)生一個(gè)大小相等方向相反的基礎(chǔ)反力。某些特殊情況下還要考慮水庫(kù)中沉積引起的靜水壓力的影響以及壩頂溢流所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力作用。17.in addition,there has been considerable research into the cause and prevention of cavitation,which allows the advantages of higher specific speeds to be obtained at higher heads than

27、formerly were considered advisable.the net effect of this progress with larger units,higher specific speed,and simplification and improvements in design has been to retain for the hydraulic turbine the important place which it has long held at one of the most important prime movers.此外，對(duì)于空蝕的起因和預(yù)防也做了大

28、量的研究，從中取得的好處是能在高于以前認(rèn)為合適的水頭條件下，獲得更高的比轉(zhuǎn)速。這些進(jìn)步（包括更大的機(jī)組，更高的比轉(zhuǎn)速，以及設(shè)計(jì)上的簡(jiǎn)化和改進(jìn)）的實(shí)際效果，以使水輪機(jī)贏得了長(zhǎng)期作為最重要的原動(dòng)力之一的重要地位。Hydraulic turbines may be grouped in two general classes:the impulse type which utilizes the kinetic energy of a high-velocity jet which acts upon only a small part of the circumference at any ins

29、tant,and the reaction type which develops power from the combined action of pressure and velocity of the water that completely fills the runner and water passages.the reaction group is divided into two general types:the Francis,sometimes called the reaction type.the propeller class is also further s

30、ubdivided into the fixed-blade propeller type,and the adjustable-blade type of which the Kaplan is representative.水輪機(jī)可以歸納為兩種基本類型：沖擊式水輪機(jī)它利用高速射流在任一時(shí)刻沖擊水輪機(jī)外圓一小部分時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)能：反擊式水輪機(jī)它利用充滿在轉(zhuǎn)輪和飲水系統(tǒng)中水的壓力和流速聯(lián)合作用獲得的動(dòng)力。反擊式系列又分成兩種通用的形式：混流式和軸流式。軸流式又進(jìn)一步再分為軸流定槳式和以卡普蘭式代表的軸流轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機(jī)。18.with the impulse wheel the potential

31、energy of the water in the penstock is transformed into kinetic energy in a jet issuing from the orifice of a nozzle.this jet dichange freely into the atmosphere inside the wheel housing and strikes against the bowl-shaped buckets of the runner.At each revolution the bucket enters,passes through,and passes out of the jet,during which time it receives the full impact force of the jet.this produces a rapid hammer blow upon the bucket.at the same time the bucket is subjected to the centrifugal force tending to separate the bucket from its disk.on account of the stresses to produced and also the