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1、高三英語語法專題復習講座(共十五講)語法復習專題(1)Unit1 名詞一、考點聚焦1.可數名詞單、復數變化形式 (1)規則變化。單數名詞詞尾直接加-s。如:boy boys, pen pens。以s、x 、ch 、sh結尾的單詞一般加-es。如:glass glasses,box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。特例:stomach stomaches。以“輔音字母 + y”結尾的變“y”為“i”再加“-es”。如:baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。以“o”結尾的多數加-es。如:tomato tomatoes, p

2、otato potatoes, hero heroes。但以兩個元音字母結尾的名詞和部分外來詞中以o結尾的詞只加-s。 如:radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, tobacco tobaccos。 以“f”或“fe”結尾的名詞復數形式變“f”或“fe”為“v”,之后再加-es。如:wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves等。特例:handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof r

3、oofs, chief chiefs, gulf gulfs, belief beliefs, cliff cliffs。改變元音字母的。如:man men, mouse mice, foot feet,woman women, tooth teeth, goose geese, ox oxen。特例:child children。復合名詞的復數形式。(A)在復合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。如:armchair armchairs, bookcase bookcases, bookstore book-stores。(B)man和woman作定語修飾另一個名詞時,前后兩個名詞都要變成復數。如:man

4、 doctor men doctors, woman driver women dri-vers。(C)與介詞或副詞一起構成的復合名詞應在主體名詞部分加-s。如:brother-in-law brothers-in-law, passer-by passers-by。 有的名詞有兩種復數形式。如:zero zeros 、zeroes, deer deers 、deer。penny的兩種復數形式含義有所不同。如:pence(便士的錢數),pennies(便士的枚數)。(2)不規則變化。單、復數同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese,

5、sheep, works(工廠),cattle。合成名詞的復數。如:boy-friend boy-friends, go-between go-betweens(中間人),grown-up grown-ups。有些名詞通常只用作復數。如:glasses眼鏡,clothes衣服,goods貨物,trousers褲子,belongings所有物,wages工資,riches財富, surroundings環境,ashes灰塵, campasses圓規,cattle家畜,congratulations祝賀,have words with sb. 同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高熱情地

6、,give ones regards to sb.向某人問侯,in rags衣衫破爛,It is good manners to do sth.有禮貌做某事。集體名詞的數。有些集體名詞通常只用作復數,如:people, cattle, police; 有些名詞只用作單數,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名詞既可用作單數又可用作復數,單數看做整體,復數看做集體的各個成員。如:The crew is large.船員人數很多(指整體);The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了(個體)。2、不可數名詞的數(1)一般說來抽象

7、名詞為不可數名詞,但當抽象名詞表示具體的東西時,可用作可數名詞且詞義發生變化,主要類型如下:抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態、感情情緒的人或事。如:抽象名詞(不可數) 具體化(個體名詞,可數名詞)in surprise驚訝地 a surprise一件令人驚訝的事win success獲得成功 a success一個(件)成功的人(事)win honor贏得榮譽 an honor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)is the mother of success a failure失敗者失敗是成功之母。by experience靠經驗 an experience一次經歷youth青春

8、a youth一個青年人have pity on sb.憐憫某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure樂意 a pleasure樂事抽象名詞與a(an)連用,淡化了抽象概念,轉化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如:A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?It is waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother

9、 for her wrong doings.(2)物質名詞是不可數名詞,但表示數量或種類之多時,可以用作可數名詞。如:物質名詞有形或數的相應物體,有單、復數。如:some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些飲料, a drink一杯飲料,three drinks三杯飲料,his hair他的頭發,a few grey hairs幾根白發,glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。物質名詞有前置后置修飾時,前面要使用不定冠詞。have breakfast The road is covered with snow.have

10、 a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.(3)有復數形式的不可數名詞有些抽象名詞往往以復數形式出現,起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強調某種特殊狀態的作用。如:Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeting?Many th

11、anks for your kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.有些物質名詞以復數形式出現,表示數量之多,范圍之廣。如:The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.3.名詞所有格(1)“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有: 用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后,如:toda

12、ys newspaper,five minuteswalk(drive),five poundsweight, tendollarsworth of coffee。用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。如:the earths planet, the words population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。(2)“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:表示“部分”時,一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個表示數量的詞(a、two、several、some、no、many等),如:Some students of Mister Zhangs have gone to

13、college.張老師的一些學生已經上大學了。表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思時,用:a friend of Toms湯姆的一個朋友(許多朋友中的一位)。表示贊揚、批評或厭惡等感情色彩時,應該用:that/this/these/those + 名詞(單、復數)of Marys/yours/his/hers。如:That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那項發明是屬于全世界的(表贊賞)。4、名詞作定語英語中有些名詞沒有其對應的同根形容詞,這些名詞可以直接用來作定語修飾另一個名詞。(1)分類意義。air pollution 空氣污染 boy f

14、riend 男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得稅tennis ball網球 song writer歌曲作家body language身體語言 road accident交通事故Nobel Prize諾貝爾獎 (2)時間、地點、稱呼等。Doctor Jack杰克醫生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠street dance 街舞 country music鄉村音樂village people村民 school education學校教育 China problem中國問題(3)表目的、手段、來源,所屬意

15、義。reception desk接待臺 sports field田徑場stone table石桌 color TV彩電weather report天氣預報二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.A.an art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art as解析:答案為D。當名詞前有what、so、as、too、quite等詞修飾時,其形容詞被這些詞修飾,組成下列結構,如:What a nice book!

16、This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等,應采取too/how + 形容詞(副詞)+ a(an) + 名詞的形式。要記住一些類似的特殊結構,并加以分析。2. The police are offering a _to anyone who can give information about the lost key. A.price B.prize C.reward D.money解析:答案為C。price 價格,價錢;prize獎金。項是錢,屬不可數名詞,題中所要填的是“酬金,報

17、酬”。注意正確理解名詞的含義及其搭配是活用語言的基礎,在復習備考中要熟練掌握考綱中一些名詞的詞義、搭配、習慣等,才能更好辨析名詞,從而選擇最符合句意的選項。3.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London. A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness解析:答案為C。本題考查特定語境中名詞的詞義及“be of + 抽象名詞”結構。Price (價格),cost(價錢,費用,成本)不符合題意,value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解時,常

18、與of搭配,在句中作表語或補語,意為“有用,有價值”。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達,題中“of + 抽象名詞”相當于該名詞的形容詞形式。語法復習專題(2)Unit2 冠詞一、考點聚焦1.不用冠詞的情況(1)專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前,一般不加冠詞。China , America, SmithAir is matter.(2)可數名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時,不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.(3)季節、月份、星期、節日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March, May Day, National Day,

19、Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.(4)稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務的名詞作賓語、補語及同位語時,一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.(5)學科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football

20、/chess.(6)復數名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。They are peasants/ workers.(7)在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。(8)某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中: husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介詞詞組中:to(at,

21、 from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university(college),to(in, into, from)church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意:在有些詞組中,有無冠詞含義不同。in hospital 住院(

22、因病) in the hospital在醫院(工作、參觀等) in front of在前面,指某物體之外in the front of在前部,指某物之內in charge負責,主管 out of question沒問題in the charge由負責 out of the question不可能(9)as引導的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.(10)系動詞turn(作“變成”解)后作表語的單數可數名詞前習慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.= The young

23、 girl has become a writer.(11)在單數名詞 + after + 同一單數名詞(表示“一個接一個”)結構中,單數可數名詞前不加冠詞。She did experiment after experiment.類似的還有:shop after shop, mistake after mistake(12)形容詞的最高級前、序數詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況。“most + 形容詞原級”作“十分、非常、極”解時,前面不用定冠詞。Oh, its most beautiful.當兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時,第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is the tallest a

24、nd fattest girl in our school.當形容詞最高級作表語,不表示與其他人或物相比時,其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時,不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第”之意,但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意:下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠軍”。He is

25、a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.(13)no與such連用時應放在such之前,such后面的名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(14)never、ever置于作主語的名詞前,這些名詞前不用冠詞。Never did student study so hard.這個學生從未學得這么認真。(15)有時為了節省空間、時間、金錢和精力,或為了引起注意力,省去a(n)或the,這主要用于新聞標題、工商業文件、廣告、電報、公告、提綱、書名等。Co

26、nference opens.會議召開了。2.定冠詞的使用情況(1)使用定冠詞的一般情況。特指或第二次提到。序數詞前、最高級前、獨一無二的東西前。用于表示發明物的單數名詞前或某些專有名詞前。(2)定冠詞使用特殊的場合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人,窮人,傷員 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two兩者中較年長的一位,較漂亮

27、的一個 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小時付工錢的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但:by weight按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代) the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫婦倆) in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 當抽象名詞

28、表示某一特定內容,特別是當它有一限定性修飾語時,它與定冠詞連用:She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況(1)表示“一”相當于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.(2)表示“每”相當于“per”。We have three meals a day.(3)表示“同一性”相當于“the same”。The

29、children are of an age. (4)表示類指,表示“某類”。He wants to he a doctor.(5)表示泛指,相當于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.(6)表示某一個,相當于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (7)與抽象名詞連用,可以表示“一場、一次、一件”,如:a pleasure一件樂事,a surprise一件令人驚訝的事,a joy一件高興的事,a pity一件遺憾的事,an honour一個(件)經以為榮的人(事)。(8)與物質名詞連用,表示“一種,一陣、一份”。

30、What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!4.冠詞表類別的常見方式(1)定冠詞 + 單數可數名詞,表示一個,代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠詞 + 單數可數名詞(表示任意一個,某一個)。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a

31、useful animal.注意:man, woman表示泛指時,不用冠詞,且常用單數。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.(3)可數名詞或不可數名詞,指類別(考慮到同類中的各個情況)。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠詞位置問題(1)不定冠詞 + 副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞。This is a very interesting story.(2)such、what、both、all、quite

32、、rather +不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem h

33、e worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.(4)定冠詞位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名詞He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all、both、double + the + 名詞Both the blind men were mistaken.All the studen

34、ts in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.二、精典名題導解選擇填空1.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.AThe ; the Bthe ; / C/; the D/; /解析:答案為B。第一空格為特指,交待the warmth的內容,第二空格為泛指,the sort of wool used所用羊毛的種類。此題有三點需注

35、意:正確理解sweater 這一句詞在句中的類別。掌握determine在句中作“決定”、“取決于”這個意思。掌握定冠詞表特指的基本用法。2.Most animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food. Athe a B/ a Cthe the D/ the解析:答案為B。名詞復數表類別,其前不用冠詞,故第一個空格不填冠詞,表不定概念的“一種”,“某種”要用不定冠詞a。要準確掌握冠詞表類別的三種表達方式和不定冠詞常用的幾種情況,見前面要點考點聚焦內容。3.Pa

36、per money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.Athe / Bthe the C/ the D/ /解析:答案為C。題中in use是固定搭配,意為“在使用”,use為抽象名詞,其前不用冠詞。后者是序數詞前用定冠詞the。要牢記一些固定搭配如in use、under construction(在建設中)、in debt(欠債)、come to power(執政)、on fire(著火)、at table(用餐)、out of work(失業)等。 語法復習專題(3

37、)Unit2 代詞一、考點聚焦代詞分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關系代詞。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。1、人稱代詞(1)人稱代詞作主語用主格,作賓語、表語用賓格,但應注意以下4中情況:作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中,或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用,常用賓格。Does any of you know where Tom lives?Me.What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補足語時,與所替代的名詞在人稱、數、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。The thief

38、was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,故用he代替)They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。(me是賓格,故用her替代)作表語人稱代詞一般用賓格,但在強調句型中,被強調部分代詞的格不變。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比較級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區別。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.

39、I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列,其次序排列原則:在并列主語中,“I”總是放在最后,排列順序為:二 三 一(人稱)。賓格me也一樣。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人稱,男女兩性并用,男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法。we/you(口語)常用來泛指

40、一般人。she可以代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代詞(1)名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。(2)ones own=.of ones own句式的轉換。(3)某些固定結構中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。如: take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.3.反身代詞(1)反身代詞的語法功能:賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。(2)反身代詞和某些動詞連有,構成固定短語。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, ma

41、ke oneself understood(3)反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。for oneself為自己或獨立地,of oneself自然地,自動地by oneself獨自地,in oneself本身性質,beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個問題占了一章(獨有)。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地說我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同)Left to him

42、self he began to write.別人走后只留下他,他寫了起來。Im very angry with myself.生自己的氣。4.相互代詞(each other, one another)相互代詞無人稱、數和格的區別,在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each others 、one anothers ,作定語。一般來說,each other指兩者之間,one another指三者或三者以上之間,但現在區分已不明顯。5.指示代詞(this, that , these, those, such, same)指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性,在句子中可以作定語、主語、賓語或表語等。(1)指

43、示代詞this和that的區別。this (these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物;that(those)常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要講到的事物,有啟下的作用;that則指前面講到過的事物,有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats w

44、hy he didnt come.為了避免重復,常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在電話用語中作自我介紹,that詢問對方;this和that可以當副詞用,意思相當于副詞so。(2)such和same的用法。such指“這樣的”人或事,在句中作主語和定語。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall buildi

45、ng.same指“同樣的”人或事,在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語,same的前面要用定冠詞the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。(主語)Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做這事,對我來說都一樣。(表語)6、疑問代詞(who,whom,which,what,whose)疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語。(1)who/what詢問姓名或關系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.詢問職業或地

46、位。What is he? He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主語時,謂語動詞的數取決于說話人的視點,可單數也可復數。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which與who、whatwhich表示在一定范圍內,而who、what則無此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.連接代詞和關系代詞連接代詞與疑問代詞的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomev

47、er、whatever、whichever等。它們用來引導主語從句,賓語從句和表語從句,即連接復合句中的主句和從句,并在從句中擔任一定的句子成分,以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that.關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞,它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。這兩類代詞的用法詳見“名詞性從句”和“定語從句”部分。8、不定代詞不定代詞主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構成合

48、成代詞,不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質,并有可數和不可數之分,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等(every、no只能作定語)。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區別。(1)some與any一般用法:some、any可與單、復數可數名詞及不可數名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑問、否定或條件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定語)Some like sports,others like music.(主語) Ask me if you have any questions.(定語)Do you have any questions t

49、o ask?(定語)I dont know any of the students.(賓語)特殊用法:any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.(定語)You may take any of them.(賓語)some用于單數可數名詞前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.(定語)在期待對方回答yes 時,some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。Would you like some bananas?(邀請)Mum,could you give me some money?(請求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定

50、。I dont know some of the students.(賓語)some和any在句中還可作狀語,作副詞。some意為“大約”相當于“about”,而any則表示程度,意為“稍,絲毫”。如:There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one,both,allone作定語、表語、主語或賓語,可以指人或物,表示“一個”的意思,其復數為ones,指人時,其所有格是ones,反身代詞是oneself.One should try ones best to serve the people.(主語、

51、定語)This is not the one I want.(表語)one、ones可以代替上文提到過的名詞,以免重復,one、ones前面分別可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等詞修飾。如:These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定語、賓語、主語和同位語,可以指人或指物,表示“兩者都”的意思。This maths

52、problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語)Both of the boys are here.(主語)We both are students.(同位語)注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定時,用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而應放在它們的前面。如:Both my parents like this film.Both the /thes

53、e boys are tall.all用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語,指“全部的”、“整個的”,可與可數或不可數名詞連用,除少數情況外,一般不與單數可數名詞連用,與復數名詞連用時,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三個或三個以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的學校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。Thats all for today.今天就在這兒。They have all been to Xian.他們都去過西安。注意:all 用于否定

54、句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。(3)many和muchmany和much都表示“許多”,但many修飾或代替復數可數名詞,much修飾或代替不可數名詞。它們在句中可作主語、賓語、定語。much有時用作狀語。(4)few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示沒有多少,含否定意義;而a few 和a little表示有一些,有幾個,含肯定意義。另外,few、a few 修飾可數名詞;little、a little修飾不可數名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。(5)no和noneno=not any,表示“沒有”,用來修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞,通常作定語,none代替不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式;代替可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數也可用復數形式。none還可以在句中作賓語。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。(6)each和everyeach(各個),指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,側重個體,在句中作主語、賓語、

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