1、Lesson OnePre-class Work Read the text a third time. Learn the new words and expressions listed below. Glossary accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully; achievement acquire v. to gain; to get for oneself by ones own work arrogantly adv. behaving in a proud and self-im

2、portant way aspirin n. 阿司匹林（解熱鎮痛藥） assume v. to take as a fact; to suppose available adj. able to be used or easily found bachelor n. s degree: the first university degree beanpole n. (infml) a very tall and thin person bull n. a male cow certify v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after

3、some kind of test civilized adj. educated and refined; having an advanced culture client n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person or organization continuity n. the state of being continuous cyanide n. 氰化物 democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and shoul

4、d be involved in making important decisions 民主的 disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering. Here: a complete failure drugstore n. (AmE) a shop which sells medicine (and a variety of other things) enroll v. to officially arrange to join a sch

5、ool or university expertise n. skill in a particular field expose v. to enable sb. to see or experience new things or learn about new beliefs, ideas, etc. faculty n. (AmE) all the teachers of a university or college fragment n. a small piece of sth. generate v. to produce grind v. to crush into smal

6、l pieces or powder by pressing between hard surfaces hip n. the fleshy part of either side of the human body above the legs humanity n. the qualities of being human implicitly adv. in an implied way 含蓄地 inevitable adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoid literal adj. in the basic meaning of a

7、word maintain v. to continue to have as before Neanderthal n. an early type of human being who lived in Europe during the Stone Age nevertheless adv. in spite of that; yet peculiar adj. belonging only to a particular person; special; odd penetrating adj. showing the ability to understand things clea

8、rly and deeply pest n. (infml) an annoying person pharmacy n. a shop where medicines are prepared and sold. Here: the study of preparing drugs or medicines philosophy n. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, reality, etc. 哲學 pill n. a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow whole

9、preside v. to lead; to be in charge professional adj. relating to the work that a person does for an occupation, esp. work that requires special training pursuit n. the act of trying to achieve sth. in a determined way push-button adj. using computers or electronic equipment rather than traditional

10、methods qualified adj. having suitable knowledge or experience for a particular job rear v. to care for a person or an animal until they are fully grown resources n. possessions in the form of wealth, property, skills, etc. that you have 資源 savage n. an uncivilized human being scroll n. Here: a cert

11、ificate of an academic degree semester n. one of the two periods into which the year is divided in American high schools and universities (=term in BrE) sensitive adj. able to understand or appreciate art, music or literature shudder v. to shake uncontrollably for a moment specialize v. to limit all

12、 or most of ones study to particular subjects 專修 species n. (infml) a type; a sort specimen n. Here: a person who is unusual in some way and has a quality of a particular kind spiritual adj. related to your spirit rather than to your body or mind store v. to keep suffice v. to be enough Proper Names

13、 : Aristotle 亞里士多德 Bach 巴赫 Chaucer 喬叟 Dante 但丁 Einstein 愛因斯坦 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Homer 荷馬 La Rochefoucauld 拉羅什富科 Shakespeare 莎士比亞 Virgil 維吉爾 Another School Year What For John Ciardi Read the text once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, dictionaries or the glossary yet. Let me tell you one of the

14、earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if

15、to say All right, teach me something. Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. Look, he said, I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lyi

16、ng on the desk. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would

17、not read: Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and

18、 in universities students enroll for both training and education. I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasnt going to be around long enough for it to matter. Nevertheless, I was young and I had a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way: For the rest of your life, I

19、said, your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep. Then for about eight hours of each wor

20、king day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school or engineering, or law school, or whatever during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesnt jump the fe

21、nce, or that your client doesnt go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, suppor

22、ts your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always suffice. But having finished the days work, what do you do with those other eight hours Lets say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetr

23、ating idea at home Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect Will there be a book in the house Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering Will the kids ever get to hear Bach That is about what I said, b

24、ut this particular pest was not interested. Look, he said, you professors raise your kids your way; Ill take care of my own. Me, Im out to make money. I hope you make a lot of it, I told him, because youre going to be badly stuck for something to do when youre not signing checks. Fourteen years late

25、r I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson o

26、f mans development we call history then you have no business being in college. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the co

27、llege went through them without making contact. No one gets to be a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. Assume, for example, that you want to be a physicist. You pass the great stone h

28、alls of, say, M. I. T., and there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists. The chances are that few, if any, of you will leave your names to be cut into those stones. Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics than di

29、d many of those great scholars of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you. And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankinds spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiri

30、tual, are stored in books. Books are mans peculiar accomplishment. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homers mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare t

31、he list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are

32、too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. I think it was La Rochefoucauld who said that most people

33、would never fall in love if they hadnt read about it. He might have said that no one would ever manage to become human if they hadnt read about it. I speak, Im sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well, when I say that a university has

34、 no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. The faculty, by its very existence, says implicitly: We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt

35、to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience. We are here to make available to you, as best we can, that expertise.Lesson Two alert adj. watchful and ready to meet danger birch n. 樺樹 bough n. a main branch of a tree cabin n. a small roughly built house chase v. to drive away; to cau

36、se to leave creek n. a long narrow stream crouch v. to lower the body close to the ground by bending the knees and back cub n. a young meat-eating wild animal like bear, lion, tiger, wolf, etc. detain v. to keep sb. from leaving during a certain time dim v. to become less bright doc n. (infml AmE) a

37、 doctor drift v. to be driven along by wind flake n. a very small flat thin piece that breaks away easily from sth. else; snow : 雪花 grasshopper n. 蚱蜢 howl n. a long loud cry, esp. made by wolves as in pain, anger, etc. leap v. to jump high into the air lick v. to move the tongue across the surface o

38、f sth. in order to eat it or clean it mantle n. a loose outer sleeveless garment. Here it is used figuratively. meadow n. a field with wild grass and flowers mischievous adj. eager to have fun by playing harmless tricks muzzle n. the nose and mouth of an animal such as a dog, a wolf or a horse numb

39、adj. unable to feel anything because of coldness pace n. a single step in running or walking partner n. sb. who does the same activity with you 伙伴 paw n. an animals foot that has nails or claws pierce v. to make a hole in or through (sth.) using sth. with a sharp point pine n. 松樹 poke v. to push or

40、move sth. through a space or opening puppy n. a young dog (puppy-wool here refers to the wool of the wolf cub) realize v. to understand restless adj. unwilling or unable to stay quiet and still rifle n. a type of gun fired from the shoulder rocket n. 火箭 rooster n. (AmE) a cock rumble n. a deep conti

41、nuous rolling sound shack n. a small and not very strong building shiver v. to shake, esp. from cold or fear slash v. to make a long deep cut with sth. sharp like a knife smother v. to cover thickly snarl n. a low angry sound while showing the teeth soaked adj. very wet with some liquid spear v. 用魚叉

42、刺 spurt v. to come out quickly and suddenly in a thin, powerful stream squat v. to sit with your knees bent under you, your bottom off the ground, and balancing on your feet 蹲；蹲坐 squirrel n. a small animal with a long furry tail that climbs trees and eats nuts 松鼠 stir v. to move slightly thicken v.

43、to become thicker thrill v. to feel very happy and excited toll n. to take a : to have a very bad effect on sb. or sth. trapper n. a person who catches wild animals for their fur unchained adj. without a chain whimper v. to make low crying sounds wiggle v. (infml) to move in small movements from sid

44、e to side, or up and down wolf n. a wild animal that looks like a large dog and lives and hunts in groups wool n. the soft thick hair of sheep and some goats (Here it refers to the hair of the wolf.) Text A Maheegun My Brother Eric Acland The year I found Maheegun, spring was late in coming. That da

45、y, I was spearing fish with my grandfather when I heard the faint crying and found the shivering wolf cub. As I bent down, he moved weakly toward me. I picked him up and put him inside my jacket. Little Maheegun gained strength after I got the first few drops of warm milk in him. He wiggled and soon

46、 he was full and warm. My grandfather finally agreed to let me keep him. That year, which was my 14th, was the happiest of my life. Not that we didnt have our troubles. Maheegun was the most mischievous wolf cub ever. He was curious too. Like looking into Grandmas sewing basket which he upset, scatt

47、ering thread and buttons all over the floor. At such times, she would chase him out with a broom and Maheegun would poke his head around the corner, waiting for things to quiet down. That summer Maheegun and I became hunting partners. We hunted the grasshoppers that leaped about like little rockets.

48、 And in the fall, after the first snow our games took us to the nearest meadows in search of field mice. By then, Maheegun was half grown. Gone was the puppy-wool coat. In its place was a handsome black mantle. The winter months that came soon after were the happiest I could remember. They belonged

49、only to Maheegun and myself. Often we would make a fire in the bushes. Maheegun would lay his head between his front paws, with his eyes on me as I told him stories. It all served to fog my mind with pleasure so that I forgot my Grandpas repeated warnings, and one night left Maheegun unchained. The

50、following morning in sailed Mrs. Yesno, wild with anger, who demanded Maheegun be shot because he had killed her rooster. The next morning, my grandpa announced that we were going to take Maheegun to the north shack. By the time we reached the lake where the trappers shack stood, Maheegun seemed to

51、have become restless. Often he would sit with his nose to the sky, turning his head this way and that as if to check the wind. The warmth of the stove soon brought sleep to me. But something caused me to wake up with a start. I sat up, and in the moon-flooded cabin was my grandfather standing beside

52、 me. Come and see, son, whispered my grandfather. Outside the moon was full and the world looked all white with snow. He pointed to a rock that stood high at the edge of the lake. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening. Maheegun, whispered my g

53、randfather. Slowly the wolf raised his muzzle. Oooo-oo-wow-wowoo-oooo! The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. Then after a while, from the distance came a softer call in reply. Maheegun stirred, with the deep rumble of pleasure in his throat. He slipped down the rock and headed out across

54、the ice. Hes gone, I said. Yes, hes gone to that young she-wolf. My grandfather slowly filled his pipe. He will take her for life, hunt for her, protect her. This is the way the Creator planned life. No man can change it. I tried to tell myself it was all for the best, but it was hard to lose my bro

55、ther. For the next two years I was as busy as a squirrel storing nuts for the winter. But once or twice when I heard wolf cries from distant hills, I would still wonder if Maheegun, in his battle for life, found time to remember me. It was not long after that I found the answer. Easter came early th

56、at year and during the holidays I went to visit my cousins. My uncle was to bring me home in his truck. But he was detained by some urgent business. So I decided to come back home on my own. A mile down the road I slipped into my snowshoes and turned into the bush. The strong sunshine had dimmed. I

57、had not gone far before big flakes of snow began drifting down. The snow thickened fast. I could not locate the tall pine that stood on the north slope of Little Mountain. I circled to my right and stumbled into a snow-filled creek bed. By then the snow had made a blanket of white darkness, but I kn

58、ew only too well there should have been no creek there. I tried to travel west but only to hit the creek again. I knew I had gone in a great circle and I was lost. There was only one thing to do. Camp for the night and hope that by morning the storm would have blown itself out. I quickly made a bed of boughs and started a fire with the bark of an old dead bir