1、5 5 5數(shù)據(jù)分析數(shù)據(jù)分析Data Analysis1 1 12 2 24 4 43 3 36 6 6樣品制備樣品制備Sample Preparation樣品采集樣品采集Sampling 樣品測(cè)定樣品測(cè)定Sample Analysis任任 務(wù)務(wù)Task結(jié)果報(bào)告結(jié)果報(bào)告Writing Reports讀數(shù)：讀數(shù)： 23.37 mL 23.38 mL23.0024.001.601.671.671.641.581.641.671.621.571.601.591.641.741.651.641.611.651.691.641.631.651.701.631.621.701.651.681.661.691

2、.701.701.631.671.701.701.631.571.591.621.601.531.561.581.601.581.591.611.621.551.521.491.561.571.611.611.611.501.531.531.591.661.631.541.661.641.641.641.621.621.651.601.631.621.611.651.611.641.631.541.611.601.641.651.591.581.591.601.671.681.69分組分組頻數(shù)頻數(shù)相對(duì)頻數(shù)相對(duì)頻數(shù)1.4851.51520.0221.5151.54560.0671.5451.57

3、560.0671.5751.605170.1891.6051.635220.2441.6351.665200.2221.6651.695100.1111.6951.72560.0671.7251.75510.011901.000 a: 正負(fù)誤差出現(xiàn)的概率正負(fù)誤差出現(xiàn)的概率相等相等。 b: 小誤差出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)小誤差出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)大大，大誤差出現(xiàn)的概率，大誤差出現(xiàn)的概率小小。頻數(shù)直方圖頻數(shù)直方圖相對(duì)頻數(shù)直方圖相對(duì)頻數(shù)直方圖 %100 TrxEE 相對(duì)誤差相對(duì)誤差 xd絕對(duì)偏差絕對(duì)偏差iix %100 xxxdir相對(duì)偏差0d1ini ndnddddddniin 14321|%100 xddr(%)14.

4、25309.2521.2512.25 x(%)05. 0305. 007. 002. 0 d1)(1122232221 nxxnddddsniin%100 xssr相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差1.601.671.671.641.581.641.671.621.571.601.591.641.741.651.641.611.651.691.641.631.651.701.631.621.701.651.681.661.691.701.701.631.671.701.701.631.571.591.621.601.531.561.581.601.581.591.611.621.551.521.491.

5、561.571.611.611.611.501.531.531.591.661.631.541.661.641.641.641.621.621.651.601.631.621.611.651.611.641.631.541.611.601.641.651.591.581.591.601.671.681.69%27.50%28.50%30.50%36.50)(（四）（三）（二）一%23.50%25.50%30.50%40.50)(（四）（三）（二）一%33.50%34.50%35.50%36.50)(（四）（三）（二）一nxxi概率概率 -3s s -2s s -s s 0 s s 2s s 3

6、s s x-m m m m-3s s m m-2s s m m-s s m m m m+s s m m+2s s m m+3s s x 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布曲線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布曲線s sm m xuyxsxtm m 表表 t t，f f值表（雙邊）值表（雙邊） 置信度，顯著性水準(zhǔn)置信度，顯著性水準(zhǔn) f f P=0.90P=0.90 =0.10=0.10 P=0.95P=0.95 =0.05=0.05 P=0.99P=0.99 =0.01=0.01 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 1010 2020 6.316.31 2.922.92 2.352.35 2.132.1

7、3 2.022.02 1.941.94 1.901.90 1.861.86 1.831.83 12.8112.81 1.721.72 1.641.64 12.7112.71 4.304.30 3.183.18 2.782.78 2.572.57 2.452.45 2.362.36 2.312.31 2.262.26 2.232.23 2.092.09 1.961.96 63.6663.66 9 99292 5 58484 4 46060 4 40303 3 37171 3 3 5050 3.363.36 3.253.25 3.173.17 2.842.84 2.582.58 smuxnuxs

8、sm m ntsxtsxx m m%60.474%55.47%52.47%69.47%64.47x%08.01)(2nxxs)%23.060.47(m%042. 0%,79.10sx43. 19%042. 0%77.10%79.10nsxtm22小大ssF 表表7-4 置置信信度度95%時(shí)時(shí)F值值(單單邊邊) f大f小2345678910234567891019.009.556.945.795.144.744.464.264.103.0019.169.286.595.414.764.354.073.863.712.6019.259.126.395.194.534.123.843.633.482

9、.3719.309.016.265.054.393.973.693.483.332.2119.338.946.164.954.283.873.583.373.222.1019.368.886.094.884.213.793.503.293.142.0119.378.846.044.824.153.733.443.233.071.9419.388.816.004.784.103.683.393.183.021.8819.398.785.964.744.063.633.343.132.971.8319.508.535.634.363.673.232.932.712.541.00f大：大方差數(shù)據(jù)的自由度；f小：小方差數(shù)據(jù)的自由度。25. 6022. 0055. 02222小大ssF16. 821. 060. 02222小大ssF) 1)(1() 1() 1(21222121nnnsnss212121nnnnsxxt53.1)017.0()021.0(22F019. 0) 1() 1(21222211nnxxxxsii）（）（21. 64343019. 033. 124. 1212121nnnnsxxt11xxxxQnnn112xxxxQn,e 幾項(xiàng)規(guī)定幾項(xiàng)規(guī)定通常四舍五入通常四舍五入一般計(jì)算方法一般計(jì)算方法: 先計(jì)算，后修約先計(jì)算，后修約. 0.328 乘除法乘除法:例例 0