1、 狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為: 1.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句 2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句 3.緣由狀語從句緣由狀語從句 4.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 5.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句 6.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 7.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 8.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句 9.退讓狀語從句退讓狀語從句1、時間狀語從句、時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once, hardlywhen

2、, no soonerthan等引導。如：等引導。如： When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. It has been 15 years since he left. Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it. I waited till he had finished his work.留意：留意：1. when,

3、while , as when(1)表表“當當的時候，即可引導繼續性動作，又可引導短暫性動作。如：的時候，即可引導繼續性動作，又可引導短暫性動作。如：I was fat when I was a child.When they came home, I was cooking dinner. when (2)表表“忽然；就在那時句型有：忽然；就在那時句型有：was/were doing when sb. didwas / were about to do when sb. didhad (not) done when sb. did I was walking in the street wh

4、en I saw him. Tom was about to tell the teacher everything when his deskmate stopped him. She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty. while (1)表表“當當的時候指的是的時候指的是“在某一時間里，在某一時間里，“在在期間，從句里的動作必需是繼期間，從句里的動作必需是繼續性的，它也強調主句和從句動作的同時發生，往往偏重主句和從句動作的對比。續性的，它也強調主句和從句動作的同

5、時發生，往往偏重主句和從句動作的對比。如：如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.while (2)也可做并列連詞，表示對照的含義，意思為也可做并列連詞，表示對照的含義，意思為“而，然而；雖然。如：而，然而；雖然。如：He is tall while his brother is short.While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you.as (1)引導繼續性動作，偏

6、重主句和從句的動作同時發生。引導繼續性動作，偏重主句和從句的動作同時發生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walked.as (2)也可表示也可表示“隨著，但要留意與隨著，但要留意與with的區別：的區別：as 是連詞接句子。是連詞接句子。with 是介詞，接名詞或詞組。是介詞，接名詞或詞組。lAs the day went on, the weather got even cold.(從句，

7、故用謂語動詞lWith the day going on, the weather got even cold.(介詞，故用非謂語2. before , since的句型：lIt wont be long before sb. does sth. 不久以后某人就會做不久以后某人就會做lIt will be long before sb. does 很久以后某人才會做很久以后某人才會做lIt was long before sb. did sth. 很久以后某人才做很久以后某人才做lIt will be + 一段時間一段時間+ before sb. does 某人要過多長時間才做某人要過多長時間

8、才做lIt was +一段時間一段時間 + before sb. did sth. 某人過了多長時間才做某人過了多長時間才做 lIt is/has been +一段時間一段時間 +since sb. did sth. 自從某人做某事曾經多久了自從某人做某事曾經多久了lSb. has done sth. since sb. did sth. 自從某人做某事以來，某人曾經做了自從某人做某事以來，某人曾經做了例如：例如：lIt wont be long before we have our mid-term exams.lIt was ten years before he returned hom

9、e.lIt is half a year since we graduated from the Junior High School.lShe has been working in a hospital since she graduated from a medical school. 3. by the timeby the time+如今時，主句用未來完成時例如：如今時，主句用未來完成時例如：By the time he arrives, we will already have left California.by the time+普經過去時，主句用過去完成時例如：普經過去時，主

10、句用過去完成時例如：By the time he arrived, we had already left California. 4. till和和until 假設主句謂語動詞是繼續動詞，通常用一定式的主句，表示假設主句謂語動詞是繼續動詞，通常用一定式的主句，表示“直直到到為止。如：為止。如： I worked till (until) he came back. 假設主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，假設主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞， 那么用否認式的主句表示那么用否認式的主句表示“直到直到才，如：才，如：He didnt go to bed until (till) his mother came bac

11、k 留意：Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.(倒裝)It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. (not until的強調構造為it is/was not untilthat)5. 用no sooner than 和 hardly (scarcely)when 引導的從句表示“剛就，主句中的動詞普通用過去完成時，從句用過去時假設把no sooner, hardly 提到句首，主句倒裝例如：例如：lHe had no sooner got to the lab

12、than he set out to do the experiment.l該句倒裝為：lNo sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.6. each time, every time, the first time, the moment, the instant, the minute, immediately, instantly, directly都可以作為連詞，引導時都可以作為連詞，引導時間狀語。間狀語。 Each time he came, he would call on me. I re

13、cognized him the moment I saw him.You must show him in immediately he comes. 2、地點狀語從句、地點狀語從句:通常由連詞通常由連詞where和和wherever等引導。如：等引導。如： Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do

14、 great harm to the things around us.留意：不要和where引導的定語從句相混淆例如：lWe shall go where working conditions are difficult. lWe shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(狀語從句狀語從句)(定語從句定語從句)3、緣由狀語從句、緣由狀語從句: 通常由連詞：通常由連詞：because, as, since, now that, in that等引導。區別是等引導。區別是:because：表示：表示“由于，直接而明

15、確的原由于，直接而明確的原 因和理由，語氣最強，因和理由，語氣最強，why提提 問的句子，普通都用問的句子，普通都用because 回答?；卮?。He didnt come because he was ill.留意：留意： 在強調句中強調緣由狀語從句，在強調句中強調緣由狀語從句， 只能用只能用because引導，不可用引導，不可用as或或 since，如：，如： It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. because可以引導表語從句，而可以引導表語從句，而as, since不可以，但僅用于以下句型不可以，但僅用于以下句型:This

16、/That/It is because Its because he is too lazy.since：表示：表示“既然，語氣比既然，語氣比because弱。弱。Since you are here, you must do it.as：表示：表示“由于語氣比由于語氣比because輕，引輕，引 導從句可放主句前也可放主句后。導從句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me, as you are busy.As I was afraid, I hid myself.now that意思與意思與since類似，表示類似，表示“既然。既然。 Now that you a

17、re in High School, you will probably spend more in reading. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner.for也表示也表示“由于，但是并列連詞，它銜接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強。由于，但是并列連詞，它銜接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強。For引導從句不引導從句不闡明主句發生的直接緣由，只是提供一些補充闡明，且不位于句首闡明主句發生的直接緣由，只是提供一些補充闡明，且不位于句首 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.

18、seeing (that)(鑒于鑒于)； considering (that)(思索到思索到) 和和 in that (由于由于) lSeeing that the weather is bad , well stay at home.lI like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.4、目的狀語從句、目的狀語從句: 通常由通常由in order that, so that, lest(以免，以防以免，以防, in case以防、免得，以防、免得，for fear

19、 that(以免等引導：以免等引導： He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.lest ，in case, for fear that后面常用虛擬語氣，也就是說其引導的狀語從句常用后面常用虛擬語氣，也就是說其引導的狀語從句常用“(should) + 動詞原形。例如：動詞原形。例如：

20、 I hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it. in order that, so that in order that, so that引導目的狀語從句中謂語動詞常含有引導目的狀語從句中謂語動詞常含有may (might), can may (might), can (could) , will (would)(could) , will (would)等情態動詞。等情態動詞。5、結果狀語從句、結果狀語從句:由由 so that, sothat, suchthat , that引導：引導：It was very cold, so

21、 that the river froze.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in.He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.What was the matter with him that he looked so happy?留意：so tha

22、t 既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句，其區別在于：引導結果狀語從句時通常用逗號同主句分開引導目的狀語從句中謂語動詞常含有may (might), can (could) , will (would)等情態動詞。lHe made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.(結果狀語從句) lThey started early so that they might arrive in time.(目的狀語從句)6、條件狀語從句、條件狀語從句: 由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long

23、 as) (只需只需), in case (that) (假設，萬一假設，萬一),suppose (that), supposing (that), given (that) (在在的情況下的情況下,假定假定),granted that (就算就算),on condition that, provided that, providing that等引導：等引導： 例如：lI shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight.lYou may go swimming on condition that you

24、dont swim too far away from the river bank.lAs long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.lSuppose/Supposing that I dont have a day off, what shall we do?lIn case John comes, please tell him to wait.7、方式狀語從句、方式狀語從句:由連詞：由連詞：( just) as, as if, as though引導：引導： The teacher told the students to

25、do as he did. Leave it as it is. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和和as though意義和用法大致一樣，引導的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳說語意義和用法大致一樣，引導的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳說語氣。氣。It looks as if its going to rain. He treats me as if I we

26、re his own son.He treated me as if I _ (be) his own son.He was sitting there as if nothing _ (happen).werehad happened8、比較狀語從句、比較狀語從句: 由連詞由連詞asas, not so(as) as, than, the more, the more等引導：等引導：lI hope it was as good as the one you lent me.lHe is as efficient a worker as John (is).lThe work was not

27、so (as) easy as I had thought.lHe cant run so fast as she.lNo one can be more fit for his office than he (is).留意：留意：“the+比較級比較級(接從句接從句)，the+比較比較 級級(接主句接主句)，這一句型也歸在比，這一句型也歸在比 較狀語從句內。如：較狀語從句內。如： The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.留意:以下as用于表示比較的構造A is to B as

28、 C is to D.= A is to B what C is to D. =As C is to D, so A is to B.例如例如:Water is to fishes as air is to men.Water is to fishes what air is to men.As air is to men, so water is to fishes.水之于魚，正如空氣之于人。水之于魚，正如空氣之于人。9、退讓狀語從句、退讓狀語從句: 由由though, although, as (雖然雖然雖然雖然), even if, even though, whetheror(無論是無

29、論是還是還是), wh-ever, no matter-wh, 引導引導.l Though he is old, yet he is active.l Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.l Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.l We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.l Whether he comes or not, well discuss the pro

30、blem this afternoon.留意：留意： 1退讓狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在主句中間，前置時，退讓狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在主句中間，前置時，強調主句內容，后置時強調從句內容。強調主句內容，后置時強調從句內容。 2though與與although同義，用法根本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放同義，用法根本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與連用，但可以與yet, still等連用，用來加強語氣。等連用，用來加強語氣。Though ( Although ) he was tire

31、d, yet (still) he went on working.3as/though引導退讓狀語從句時從句部分語序要部分倒裝。引導退讓狀語從句時從句部分語序要部分倒裝。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主語主語+謂語謂語 Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.表語提早表語提早 Child as he was, he had to support the family.表語名詞提早并常省去冠詞表語名詞提早并常省去冠詞 Hard as he studies, he can not pass the exam. (副詞提早副詞提早) Try as he would , he might fail again. (動詞提早動詞提早)whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh - everno matter wh-no matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howwhatever/whoever/whichever/既可引導退讓狀語從句既可引導退讓狀語