1、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done二二: V-ing 可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ); 定語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。 V-ing 形式表示的動(dòng)作與主要?jiǎng)釉~同形式表示的動(dòng)作與主要?jiǎng)釉~同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)釉~之后，用其一時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)釉~之后，用其一般式般式; V-ing 形式表示的動(dòng)作在主要?jiǎng)釉~形式表示的動(dòng)作在主要?jiǎng)釉~之前發(fā)生，用其完成時(shí)，在具體應(yīng)用中之前發(fā)生

2、，用其完成時(shí)，在具體應(yīng)用中也常以一般式代替完成式。也常以一般式代替完成式。V-ing 的用法：的用法： 1.1.作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 對(duì)一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。對(duì)一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .RaisingBeing killed 2. 作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ) Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)教學(xué)相長(zhǎng) My hobby is _ (make)

3、 model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .makingnot being allowed注意：動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）（泛指玩火）To play with fire

4、 will be dangerous.（指一具體動(dòng)作）（指一具體動(dòng)作） 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性形式和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性;當(dāng)主當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用不定式；反之，語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 V-ing 形式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用形式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用 V-ing 形式。形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注意注意 3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ), 只用只用V-ing,不用不定式。不用不

5、定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。覆水難收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .talking to learn 1. _ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the sa

6、me mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use

7、_ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understandExercises 3.3.作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) V-ing 形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ), 也可作介詞的賓也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會(huì)珍惜你的來(lái)信。我們會(huì)珍惜你的來(lái)信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army.

8、 He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 注意：注意： 在在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等

9、后只接等后只接V-ing形式作賓形式作賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. having been beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _

10、 and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; go C. reading; going D. reading; went 注意注意在在want，need，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem

11、requires studying carefully .這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要認(rèn)真研究。這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering .這些樹需要澆水了。這些樹需要澆水了。在（在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定

12、式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. b

13、eing explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch Exercises5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving6. She _ the key. A. admitted takingB. admitted taking

14、C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. fr

15、om polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being polluted 4. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) The girl standing there is my sister .This is a piece of _ (surprise) news .The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .surprising being discussed working5. 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) Hearing the good news ,

16、 he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .readingWorkingBeing asked 6. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the

17、topic _ (discuss) everywhere now. being discussedsinging7.- Ving 一般時(shí)一般時(shí)和和一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory . - Ving 的的完成時(shí)完成時(shí)和和完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I

18、couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction . 8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯但有時(shí)前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。上的主語(yǔ)，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。

19、It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。 9. 有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這部小說(shuō)并不感人?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，這部小說(shuō)并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說(shuō)的情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。從你說(shuō)的情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。Practi

20、ce1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy

21、 about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catchC 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading

22、 C. being persuaded D. be persuaded C 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching B 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling AFill in the blan

23、ks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I apologize for _ (

24、not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home .10. The house wants _ (clean).11. He came in without _ (ask).12.

25、 _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedC 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turni

26、ng it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it offC 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling C 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC 5. I must apologize for _

27、ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know B 6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneD 7. He has always insisted o

28、n his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C.

29、walk in D. walking inD 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flyingD 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC 13. Let me tell you somethin

30、g about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have toldB14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correctB 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also