1、英語英語句子成分及基本結構PPT課件（二）（二）句子的具體成分句子的具體成分 主語主語（subject)：主語是一個句子所敘述的：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。主體，一般位于句首。 1 The room is very clean. （名詞）（名詞） 2 We often speak English . （代詞）（代詞） 3 Eight is my lucky number. （數詞）（數詞） 4 To teach them English is my job.=Its my job to teach them English. （不定式）（不定式） 5 Swimming is g

2、ood for our health. (動動名詞）名詞）謂語謂語(predicate) 謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：構成如下： 1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復合謂語：由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞、復合謂語：由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：原形構成。如：You may keep the book for

3、two weeks. He can speak English. 表語表語(predicative) 表語用以說明主語表語用以說明主語是什么或怎么樣是什么或怎么樣，它一般位于系動詞（如它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, turn ,look, sound, seem等）之后。等）之后。1 I am a teacher. （名詞）（名詞）2 I am ten. （數數詞）詞）3 He became rich and successful. （形（形容詞）容詞） 4 Everyone is here. （副副詞）詞）5 They are at home now. （ 介詞短語）介詞短語）6

4、 My job is to teach them English. （不定式不定式） 賓語(object) 賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞后物動詞后 面。面。 1 He is playing the piano.（名詞）（名詞） 2 He often helps me.（代詞）（代詞） 3 He likes to watch TV. 4 He likes watching TV.賓語補足語 英語中英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語的后面加上賓語補的意思，還必須在賓語的后面加上賓語補足語才能表

5、達完整的意思足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把我們把“賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語”稱為復合賓語。復合賓語表達稱為復合賓語。復合賓語表達對的意思相當于一個句子的意思。對的意思相當于一個句子的意思。1 We called him Dongming.（名詞）（名詞）2 We saw him playing soccer.（現在（現在分詞）分詞）3 We saw him play soccer. (不定式不定式)4 We found math difficult.（形容詞形容詞）5 Mom makes me studying all day. （現在分詞）（現在分詞）定語定語 修飾修飾名詞名詞或或代詞

6、代詞的詞、短語為定語。定語的詞、短語為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：可由以下等成分表示： 1 She is a beautiful city.（形容詞） 2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代詞）（名詞） 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介詞短語） 4 I have something to say.( 不定式）狀語狀語(adverbial)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：1 Tom runs quickly.（副詞） 2 Tom did it carefully.（

7、副詞） 3 Tom is very tall. (程度副詞） 4 I get up at six every day. 5 I play soccer very well.狀語種類如下 1 We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.（地點狀語）（時間狀語）2 She didnt go to the party because of the rain.（原因狀語）3 Mr Smith lives in America.（地點狀語）4 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）

8、5 He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.（結果狀語）6 I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）同位語 同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： We students should study hard. We all are students. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.獨立成分 有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分感嘆詞感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯

9、定詞肯定詞yes 否定詞否定詞no 稱呼語稱呼語：mum, dad。 插入語插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end情態詞情態詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實際上,certainly當然，等。 簡單句、并列句和復合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑問句

10、（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結構可分三種： 1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。1 He often reads English in the morning.2 Tom and Mike are American boys.3 She

11、 likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. He wants to go there but I dont hurry up, or you will be late. This house belongs to Mr.Smith；it costs millions of dollars. 3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句從句的句

12、子。復合句包含：名詞性從句、定語從句和名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句狀語從句等。1 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall2 This is the book that I want.3 I think that he is right. 簡單句的五種基本句型 1 主語主語+不及物動詞：不及物動詞：( 主謂主謂)1 We work.2 She came just now3 They went.常見的不及物動詞：常見的不及物動詞：come go work walk swim arri

13、ve stay laugh happen2 主語+系動詞+表語(主系表)系動詞一 be動詞類： am、 is 、are 、was 、were 二二 表示變化類：表示變化類：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、三三 感官動詞類感官動詞類: look sound smell taste feel seem1 He is a student2 That sounds good.3 The apple tastes sweet4 They become rich.3主語+及物動詞+賓語(主謂賓）1 Henry bought a dictionary.2 Mike ate three

14、cakes3 She drew a beautiful picture.4、主語主語+謂語（及物動詞謂語（及物動詞）+雙賓語雙賓語（間接賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）直接賓語）1 My father bought me a car. =My father bought a car for me2 He gave me three yuan. =He gave three yuan to me初中階段常見的給予動詞用法有：初中階段常見的給予動詞用法有： bring/send/give/take通常加通常加 to sb. buy/make/cook/sing/draw通常加通常加 for sb.5、主語+謂語（及物動詞）+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）1 We made the baby laugh./happy.2 I heard him sing.3 I saw him dance. 4 I found the book interesting.5 We call him Tom.6 His father named him Tom.（叫，（叫，稱呼）稱呼）屬于賓語屬于賓語+補足語的動詞短語有補足語的動詞短語有1 want sb to do