1、Module 4 Great Scientists學案五Function, Writing & Culture cornerI. Learning goals (Read out aloud):1. Learn the following words.best-seller, cosmology, diagnose, motor neurone disease, victim, brilliant, career, brief, partly, physical, graduate, personal, relativity, rocket, millennium, explode,

2、escape, arrow, straight, clear,2. Learn the following phrases in the text.1. be known for 2. earn ones living 3. come into/to power 4. refer to5. in the twentieth century 6. by accident 7. be at war with 8. be attached to9. in a straight direction 10. graduate from 11. a variety of 12. transform int

3、o 3. Learn about the famous scientists, try writing a short biography of one scientist.4. Learn the history of rockets.II. The key points:1. Master the pronunciation and use of the words.2. Learn to write a biography.III. Learning steps:Step I Learn the pronunciation and spelling of the words.1 vt.診

4、斷2 n受害者3 adj.簡短的；簡潔的4 adj.個人的n._ n._ adv._ adj._5 vi.逃跑；逃避_ n.逃跑 6 vi.(煙霧)消散7 vi.畢業_ n畢業生_ n. 畢業8 vi.爆炸_ n爆炸；爆炸聲_ adj9. physical adj. _ n. _ n._ adv. Step II Read the passage and answer the following questions.1. When were rockets probably invented?A. About 2000 years ago. B. In 1232.C. Between the

5、13th and 15th centuries. D. During the Song Dynasty.2. Who introduced rockets to Europe?A. The Song army. B. The Mongols. C. Wan Hu. D. One Italian scientist.3. Which countries did not do rockets experiment according to the text?A. China. B. England. C. France. D. America Step III Learn the followin

6、g words.diagnose v. to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is: Eg. The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases. /The illness was diagnosed as cancer.He has recently been diagnosed with angina. /He was diagnosed (as) a diabetic when he was 64.brilliant adj. extremely clever o

7、r highly skilled:Eg. Her mother was a brilliant scientist. /He gave a brilliant performance./The idea was quite brilliant.She seemed to have a brilliant career ahead of her (= was likely to be extremely successful).career n. the job or series of jobs that you do during your working life, especially

8、if you continue to get better jobs and earn more money:Eg. He's hoping for a career in the police force/as a police officer.When he retires he will be able to look back over a brilliant career (= a working life which has been very successful).It helps if you can move a few rungs up the career la

9、dder before taking time off to have a baby.I took this new job because I felt that the career prospects were much better. Emy has become a real career woman/girl (= is interested in and spends most of her time on her job).Judith is very career-minded/-oriented (= gives a lot of attention to her job)

10、.brief adj. 1. lasting only a short time or containing few words:His acceptance speech was mercifully brief. /I had a brief look at her report before the meeting.Itll only be a brief visit because we really havent much time.After a brief spell/stint in the army, he started working as a teacher.The c

11、ompany issued a brief statement about yesterdays accident.2. used to express how quickly time goes past: For a few brief weeks we were very happy.graduate v. 1. I UK to complete a first university degree successfully:Lorna graduated from the University of London.Tom has just graduated with first-cla

12、ss honours in psychology.2. I or T US to complete school, college or university correctly: After he graduated high school, he joined the Army. /This school graduates 2,000 students each year.explode v. to (cause to) burst violently:A bomb exploded at one of Londons busiest railway stations this morn

13、ing. /His anger exploded.He was driving so fast that his car tire exploded. /The champagne bottle exploded.  We exploded the nuclear bomb. /The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.escape v. 1. to get free from something, or to avoid something:Two prisoners have

14、escaped./A lion has escaped from its cage./She was lucky to escape serious injury.He narrowly (= only just) escaped a fine. /His name escapes me (= I have forgotten his name).Nothing important escapes her notice/attention. /We escaped to our summer house for a few days.The convicted murderer escaped

15、 from a high security prison. /Gas escaped into the bedroom. The burglars escaped before the police showed up. 2. SPECIALIZED to press the key on a computer keyboard which allows you to leave a particular screen and return to the previous one or to interrupt a process:Escape from this window and ret

16、urn to the main menu.  clear v. to become clear or make something clear:The children enjoyed stirring the mud at the bottom of the pond, then watching the water slowly clear (= become easy to see through) again.Your skin would clear (= become free of spots) if you had a healthier diet.Afte

17、r the thunderstorm, the sky cleared (= stopped being cloudy).The fog is expected to have cleared (away) (= gone) by midday. Step IV Learn the related information of the words and phrases mentioned in the text.1diagnose vt.診斷diagnose sth (as sth) diagnose sb. with sth.(sb. ) be diagnosed with (a dise

18、ase)The doctor diagnosed AIDS. 醫生診斷出愛滋。The illness is diagnosed as liver cancer._2brilliant adj.聰穎的；才華橫溢的；極好的；優秀的；絕妙的a brilliant scientist/ musician/ footballer 卓越的科學家/音樂家/足球運動員She has a brilliant mind. _。The play was a brilliant success. 這出戲是一個極大的成功。3. career krIn.經歷；生涯He found it both interesting

19、and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.他覺得了解偉人的生平既很有趣又有教益.【同義詞辨析】：career，job和workcareer指的是終身事業，而job和work指人們為謀生所做的工作。job主要指有報酬的工作，而work可以指任何需要努力完成的事。4brief adj.簡短的；簡潔的a brief conversation/ discussion/ meeting/ visit 短暫的談話/討論/會議/訪問 in brief 簡言之Please _ _, say what you want to say quic

20、kly. 請簡短地說。_ _, your work is bad. 總之，你做的不好。5partly adv.部分的；在一定程度上She was only partly responsible for the accident. 這次事故她只有幾分責任。It was partly her fault. _。6physical adj.身體的physical strength體力physical exercise體育活動 physical presence親臨Playing basketball is one form of physical exercise. 打籃球是體育活動的一種形式。【考

21、點聚焦】 1）反義詞：spiritual 精神的,心靈的，靈魂的 mental精神的，腦力的2）PE (Physical Education)體育；physical examination 身體檢查 3）我們通常記得physical作為“物理的”意思,也要注意其作為“身體的,肉體的”意思。7graduaten畢業生；vi.畢業 graduation n畢業graduate (in sth.) (at/ from sth.) graduate from 從某所學校畢業 graduate in 畢業于(某專業)graduate in law, history at/ from Oxford 畢業于

22、牛津大學法律系/歷史系They graduated _ high school last year.他們去年高中畢業。He _ _ law from Beijing University.他畢業于北京大學法律系。Hes _ _ _ Harvard in medicine.他是哈佛大學的醫學畢業生。After graduation from college，he devotes himself to scientific research.自從大學畢業后，他致力于科學研究事業。8. personal adj. 個人的易混辨析 personal/ private/ individual perso

23、nal 指“個人的；本人的；親自的；人身的”，與“由他人代表的，不涉及個人的”相對立。 private 指“私立的；私人的，私有的”，與“公立的；公有的；公共的”相對立。 individual 強調“個體的，個別的”，與“普通的，集體的”相對立。He had a _ interview with the general manager. 他和總經理親自會見過。He went to Shanghai on some _ business.他為了私事去了上海。A teacher should give_ attention to each student in his class. 教師應對班里每

24、個學生予以個別的注意。9. explode vt. &vi.使爆炸;爆炸;突發 explosion n.爆炸 explosive adj.易爆炸的 explode with/in anger勃然大怒explode into/with laughter放聲大笑explode a bomb使一顆炸彈爆炸People _ _ to celebrate the Spring Festival.人們燃放鞭炮，慶祝春節。The firework exploded in his hand.那個爆竹在他手里響了。The engine suddenly exploded into life. _。易混辨

25、析 explode/ burst/ break out/ blow upexplode vi. （炸彈等）爆炸 burst vi. （氣球等）爆破break out （戰爭等）爆發 blow up （人用炸藥）炸毀（樓房等）They had planned to _ _ the bridge but their bombs _ _ _.他們原本計劃炸掉這座橋，但炸彈沒有爆炸?！菊骖}鏈接】 The bomb _ at 10：15 a.m A. exposed B. exploded C. exploited D. exported10. escape v. n.逃脫 （后常接動名詞作賓語）(1)

26、escape (doing) sth.逃脫(做)某事 escape from/out of. =get away from從逃跑,逃走escape ones attention/notice逃過某人的注意,被某人忽視 escape sb. / sth.被遺忘;未被注意(2)have a narrow escape九死一生 a fire escape緊急出口，安全門 make ones escape逃跑The fire spread quickly but luckily all the people managed to escape from the burning house.火勢蔓延得很

27、快，但幸運的是所有的人都設法從燃燒的房子里逃出來了。She was lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 她逃脫了懲罰真是幸運。Im afraid your name escapes me. 我恐怕記不起你的名字了。The party was boring-we couldnt wait to make our escape.聚會很無聊,我們迫不及待地要溜走.He _ _ _ _.他九死一生/幸免于難。辨析：escape和flee（1）escape“逃脫”，強調逃跑成功。（2） flee“逃離”，不表示逃跑的結果成功與否。Her name esc

28、aped me. _。Yesterday he _ _ _ at last. 他昨天最終免受處罰。Time flees away without delay.諺語時光飛逝不等人。He fled into the forest.他逃到森林里去了。11. clear vt.使清澈,使清楚,掃清; vi.變清澈;變晴; (煙霧)消散; adj.清澈的;晴;清晰的;暢通的;透明的 (1)clear the table 收拾桌子 clear snow from the streets 清除街上的積雪clear ones mind of doubt 消除心中疑團 clear ones throat 清清嗓

29、子clear A of B=clear B from A從A處移走/清理走B(2)clear away 把收拾走，清除掉 clear up (天氣)轉晴 clear sth.up 整理，使整潔(3)make.clear清楚表明，講清楚They are helping clear the streets _ snow. =They are helping clear snow _ the streets.It was a fine day once the mist had cleared. 霧消散后是個晴天。The sky cleared after the storm.暴風雨過后，天轉晴了。

30、They _ _ the misunderstanding and made up.他們消除誤會和好了。Clear the rubbish，please.請清除垃圾。To _ _ _ without using facial expressions can be very difficult.不借助面部表情就能清楚地表達自己的觀點會很難?！颈嫖觥?clear是“清澈的；明白的”意思；形容詞clean是“干凈的”意思。the clear water of a mountain lake山上清澈的湖水clear glass透明的玻璃 a clear sky晴朗的天空12earn ones livi

31、ng = make a/ one's living謀生聯想拓展1）earn可以加雙賓語earn sb. sth.“為某人贏得某物”。2）earn money=make money掙錢(注意make money不是“造錢”)I earn my living by teaching.13. come to power (開始)掌權，執政，上臺 come into office就職in power當權 within /in ones power為某人力所能及 beyond ones power 不能勝任,力所不能及have/ hold power over sth. 對有控制權 lose p

32、ower 失去權力 take power 當權;執政out of/ outside sb.s power to do sth. 做某事超出某人的能力The situation is _ _ _ to control. 這種情形是我們所不能控制的。Things became worse since he _ _ _. 自從他上臺后情況變得更糟?！菊骖}鏈接】1What political party _in France currently?Acame to power Bcomes into power Cis in power Dwas put into power2He _for ten y

33、ears but she still doesnt want to leave office.Ahas been in power Bhas come to power Ctook office Dcame into power【聯想拓展】come into +n.表示進入某種狀態。注意記憶類似短語：come into notice引起注意come into operation開始工作/運轉；生效 come into service投入使用 14. send .into . 把送入到【聯想拓展】 send up發射 send .to .派去;送去 send for派人去請send sth. o

34、ut 發出;放出;寄出某物 send sb. to sleep 使某人入睡send sb./sth. doing 使猛然或迅速地移動(常指靠外力/外來因素)Space rockets _ _ _ _ all the time. 一直都有航天火箭發射。They send their daughter to the best school in the country.他們把女兒送進全國最好的學校。The explosion _ _ _ in all directions. 爆炸讓我們四散開來。15. by accident偶然=by chance by any chance或許；可能 I fou

35、nd the key _ _ when I was cleaning the room.我在打掃房間時,偶然找到了鑰匙.16. keep.doing讓一直做某事Don't keep the water running all the time. Turn it off.不要讓水老是不停地流，把它關上。【考點聚焦】 1)同義短語:have.doing使某人做某事2）常用短語：keep/stop/prevent.from doing阻止某人做某事(stop與prevent短語中from可以省略，意思不變；但keep短語中不可)keep doing sth.一直做某事（強調動作的延續）kee

36、p on doing sth.反復做某事(強調動作的反復)17. throw into投入 throw away丟棄 throw light on/upon sth. 闡明某事；使某事顯得很清楚throw sth.oneself at sb.sth. 沖向某人某物，向扔 throw up嘔吐，放棄【真題鏈接】 The learned scholar _ the question raised by audience how life began.A. make out B. threw lights on C. spoke out D. threw light upon18. as 的用法小結

37、prep.作為；當做 As a teacher, Id like to give you some advice on your study.as(A) as(B) 像(B)一樣(A) After the work, his legs were as heavy as lead.the same .as 和一樣的 I have the same pen as his.conj. As she grew older she gained in confidence. _They did as I had asked. _As he was out, I left a message. _Smar

38、t as she is, she studies hard. _Child as he is, he knows a lot. _倍數+as + adj.原級+as His salary is twice as much as last year because of his good achievement. As +形容詞+(a ) n. +名詞+as She hopes to find as modern a school as the one she has been to in London.As long as 只要; 和一樣長 He will get a gift as long

39、 as he registers.【真題鏈接】 We went to Canada to travel and my cousin _ as our guide. A. played B. showed C. acted D. performed _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Since After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an

40、 hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as There at the door stood a girl about the same height _.A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me I dont think Frank is _ engineer as Bill. A. as able an B. able as an C. as an able D. an as able 19

41、. But _ _ wanted to use rockets in battles.但不是每個人都想在戰爭中使用火箭。Not all friends can share in sorrows as well as joys. _。None of the predictions comes true._。All that glitters is not gold._。Both of them dont like drawing._。Neither of them doesnt like drawing. _。Step V Deal with the exercises in the textb

42、ook.補充閱讀1. cosmologyCosmology is the study of the universe in its totality and by extension man's place in it. Though the word cosmology is itself of fairly recent origin, first used in Christian Wolff's Cosmologia Generalis (1730), the study of the universe has a long history involving

43、 science, philosophy, esotericism, and religion.2. CambridgeThe city of Cambridge is an old English University town and the administrative center of the county of Cambridge shire. It lies approximately 50 miles (80 km) north-northeast of London and is surrounded by a number of sm

44、aller towns and villages. It is also at the heart of Silicon Fen, which has a reputation as the leading high-technology center of Britain and is one of the major constituent parts of the Oxford-Cambridge Arc. 3. OxfordOxford is a city and local government district in Oxford shire, England, with

45、 a population of 134,248 (2001 census). It is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world.4. relativityRelativity, physical theory, introduced by Albert Einstein, that discards the concept of absolute motion and instead treats only relative motion between tw

46、o systems or frames of reference. One consequence of the theory is that space and time are no longer viewed as separate, independent entities but rather are seen to form a four-dimensional continuum called space-time. 5. Research fields of HawkingHawkings principal fields of research are theoretical

47、 cosmology and quantum gravity. In 1971, in collaboration with Roger Penrose, he provided mathematical support for the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe; if the general theory of relativity was correct, the universe must have a singularity, or starting point, in space-time. Hawking also

48、suggested that, after the Big Bang, primordial or mini black holes were formed. He showed that, neglecting quantum mechanical effects, the surface area of a black hole can increase but never decrease derived a limit to the radiation emitted when black holes collide, and that a single black hole cann

49、ot break apart into two separate black holes. In 1974, he calculated that black holes thermally create and emit subatomic particles until they exhaust their energy and explode. Known as Hawking radiation, this theory was first to describe a mathematical link among gravity, quantum mechanics, and the

50、rmodynamics. In 1981, Hawking proposed that, although the universe had no boundary, it was finite in space-time; 1983 saw his mathematical proof of this theory.6. Zhang HengThe Chinese astronomer and geographer Zhang Heng lived from AD 78 to 139.During his life，he studied many fields of science. He

51、is perhaps most famous for his seismograph（地動儀），but he made many other important discoveries and was also an artist. I admire Zhang Heng because he made great contributions to science.Zhang Heng made models of the stars in the sky. By describing and explaining what he had observed，he was able to sho

52、w how the stars move during the different seasons. Zhang Heng was interested in everything around him and loved to think，write and draw pictures of what he saw.Zhang Heng is my favourite scientist because he makes me want to find out more about the world.In my opinion，a great scientist is a person w

53、ho can make contributions himself but also encourage others to do like him.I like Zhang Heng because he taught me to understand the importance of asking questions.【想一想】 We know that Zhang Heng had no modern instruments to do his research,but he achieved a great success in science.What can we do when we want to know something in spite of lacking good instruments?Francis Crick(born in 1916)was a British molecular biologist. He graduated from Cambridge i