1、杭 州 師 范 大 學 碩 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 試 命 題 紙杭 州 師 范 大 學2020 年招收攻讀碩士研究生考試題 考試科目名稱： 翻譯碩士英語 說明：考生答題時一律寫在答題紙上，否則漏批責任自負。I. Vocabulary and grammar (30)SectionAMultiple choice (20)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentenc

2、e. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Creativity should not be as an exceptional talent; it is a basic skill that can be mastered with the right teaching.A. replaced B. perceived C. cultivated D. probed2. These guests were to the host for his gracious and impressive hospitality.A. contemptuous

3、 B. resentful C. obliged D. mighty3. Whatever we attempt to do, we mustnt our main objective.A. attain B. reject C. lose sight of D. prosecute4. With the passage of time, some words are beginning to a new sense.A. go about B. take on C. draw upon D. turn out5. Tourism, particularly ecotourism, helps

4、 promote of wildlife and natural resources.A. conservation B. distinction C. extinction D. aspiration6. Despite the changes in this country, many tough issues remain unsolved.A. radical B. reversible C. rigorous D. insensible7. Life is stressful, so it is always difficult to work, school and family.

5、A. encounter B. eliminate C. illuminate D. prioritize8. People who diabetes have to minimize their daily consumption of sugar.A. make up for B. crack down on C. take fancy to D. are stricken with9. The city was paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectively B. imaginably C. virtual

6、ly D. positively10. The changes brought about by digital technologies have impacted the whole world.A. novel B. adverse C. profound D. prospective11. The camps are not usual tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established, structures, often with strange Islamic names.A. historical B. monotonous C.

7、 permanent D.raw12. Among all the changes resulting from the _ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.A. massive B. quantitative C. surplus D. formidable13. The manufacturing in China is expected to continue to expa

8、nd in 2019 despite the slight decline of an index.A. version B. sector C. quest D.factor14. Researchers say that cigarettes is necessary to dramatically reduce the chance of cardiovascular problems.A. carrying out B. breaking out C. cutting out D. putting out15. Economic recessions will weaken ones

9、confidence in the government and threaten social .A. cohesion B. erosion C. illusion D. evasion16. The Mexican settlers built cities and missions in what become California.A. used to B. would rather C. was to D. had better17. Each of us is working hard to get happiness which brings substantial benef

10、its for society .A. by mere chance B. at great length C. all at once D. as a whole18. Although the colonists _ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians influence on American culture and language was not extensive.A. migrated B. matched C. mingled D. melted19. Most readers believe that t

11、his book is , thoughtful and informative.A. intriguing B. ambiguous C. compulsive D. imperative20. Some of the recent actions of the government are their statement of policy.A. in the interest of B. in conformity with C. in proportion to D. in the event ofSectionB Proofreading and error correction (

12、10)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong wordunderline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end o

13、f the lineFor a missing wordmark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary wordcross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.E

14、XAMPLEWhenart museum wants a new exhibit,(1) an It never buys things in finished form and hangs(2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit Many people are disturbed by the genetic diversify of (1) cancers- an inevitable result of r

15、andom evolution. (2) Cancer therapies used to be applied fairly random or (3) Carelessly, but nowadays many believe that effective therapies need to be specific and tailoring to genetic (4) faults in each individuals cancer. Therefore, a personalized(5) treatment disregards the most fundamental reas

16、on (6) it is difficult to cure cancers once for all: cancer cellsadapt and evolve with response to treatment. Even drugs (7) that are initially effective often have a progressive (8) diminishing effect, as the biological systems blockedof the treatment spontaneously compensateof rerouting (9) the ca

17、ncer cells internal wiring, in restoring the cancers (10) ability to spread. To use an analogy, in the absence ofshort cuts, evolution takes over: naturally arising mutant cancer cells that are resistant to the targeted drug rapidlyoutgrow their disabled siblings and cancer comes back.II. Reading co

18、mprehension(40)Section A Multiple choice (20)Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.Passage AThe language of rights now dominates political debate in the United States. Does the Govern

19、ment respect the moral and political rights of its citizens? Or does the Governments war policy, or its race policy, fly in the face of these rights? Do the minorities whose rights have been violated have the right to violate the law in return? Or does the silent majority itself have rights, includi

20、ng the right that those who break the law be published? It is not surprising that these questions are now prominent. The concept of rights, and particularly the concept of rights against the Government, has its most natural use when a political society is divided, and appeals to co-operation or a co

21、mmon goal are pointless.The debate does not include the issue of whether citizens have some moral rights against their Government. It seems accepted on all sides that they do. Conventional lawyers and politicians take it as a point of pride that our legal system recognizes, for example, individual r

22、ights of free speech, equality, and due process. They base their claim that our law deserves respect, at least in part, on that fact, for they would not claim that totalitarian system deserve the same loyalty.Some philosophers, of cause, reject the idea that citizens have rights apart from what the

23、law happens to give them. Bentham thought that the idea of moral rights was “nonsense on stilts”. But that view has never been part of our orthodox political theory, and politicians of both parties appeal to the rights of the people to justify a great part of what they want to do. I shall not be con

24、cerned, in this essay, to defend the thesis that citizens have moral rights against their governments; I want instead to explore the implications of that thesis for those, including the present United States Government, who profess to accept it.It is much in dispute, of cause, what particular rights

25、 citizens have. Does the acknowledged right to free speech, for example, include the right to participate in nuisance demonstrations? In practice, the Government will have the last word on what an individuals rights are, because its police will do what the officials and courts say. But that does not

26、 mean that the Governments view is necessarily the correct view, anyone who thinks it does must believe that men and women have such moral rights as Government chooses to grant, which means they have no moral rights at all.All this is sometimes obscured in the United States by the constitutional sys

27、tem. The American Constitution provides a set of individual legal rights in the First Amendment, and in due process, equal protection, and similar clauses. Under present legal practice the Supreme Court has the power to declare an act of Congress or of a state legislature void if the Court finds tha

28、t the act offends these provisions. This practice has had some commentators to suppose that individual moral rights are fully protected by this system, but that is hardly so, nor could it be so.1. In the United States nowadays_.A. politicians are discussing about the right language.B. politicians ar

29、e debating about what is right and what is wrong.C. language is the most important theme in the political debate.D. we can hear lots of talks about rights.2. It is only natural that questions about citizens rights are now prominent because_A. the minorities are violating the law.B. the political soc

30、iety in the USA is divided.C. the silent majority wants to punish those who have violated the law.D. people are looking for a common goal.3. Which of the following statements is not true?A. It is generally agreed that citizens should have some moral rights.B. It is a moral right of the citizens to r

31、espect the legal system.C. Citizens moral rights include free speech, equality and due process.D. The legal system deserves respect because it recognizes citizens moral rights.4. In this essay the author will not be concerned to defend the thesis that citizens have moral rights against their governm

32、ent because_A. this thesis has never bee put into question in the mainstream political theory.B. he shares the view of those philosophers who think that citizens only have the rights that the law gives them.C. this thesis has appeal to politicians of both parties.D. the United States government prof

33、esses to accept this thesis.5. The author believes that_A. the United States Constitution protects citizens moral rights but the government does not.B. the Supreme Court has the power to protect citizens moral rights but it does not do that.C. Citizens moral rights could not be fully protected by th

34、e present legal practice.D. the United States Constitution does not have provisions that fully protect citizens moral rights.Passage BWhat do you do when everyone hates you? That is the problem faced by Americas pharmaceutical industry. Despite its successes in treating disease and extending longevi

35、ty, soaring health-care costs and bumper profits mean that big drug firms are widely viewed as exploitative, and regarded almost as unfavorably as tobacco and oil firms (see chart). Last week, at a conference organized by The Economist in Philadelphia, the drug industry was offered some advice from

36、an unlikely source: a tobacco firm. Steven Parrish of Altria, the conglomerate that includes Philip Morris, gave his perspective on how an industry can improve its tarnished public image.Comparing the tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem absurd, or even offensive. “Their products kill pe

37、ople. Our products save people's lives,” says Alan Holmer, the head of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, an industry association. Yet the drug giants currently face an unprecedented onslaught of class-action lawsuits and public scrutiny; industry bosses are being grilled

38、by lawmakers asking who knew what and when. It is all reminiscent of what happened to the tobacco industry in 1994.Mr. Parrish advised drug firms to abandon their bunker mentality and engage with their critics. Rather than arguing about the past, he said, it is better to move on, and give people som

39、ething new to think about. (Philip Morris now acknowledges, for example, that cigarettes are addictive and deadly, and is trying to develop less harmful products.) Not everyone is open to persuasion, so focus on those who are, he said. But changing opinions takes time and demands deeds as well as wo

40、rds: “This is not about spin, this is about change.”The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing a range of initiatives to mollify its critics, Mr. Holmer noted in his own speech. But Mr. Parrish suggested that speaking with one voice through a trade association might be counter-productive, since it can

41、give the impression that the industry is a monolithic cartel. And too much advertising, he said, can actually antagonize people further.The audience was generally receptive, claims Mr. Parrish. This is not the first time he has offered his thoughts on dealing with implacable critics. At a conference

42、 at the University of Michigan last year, he offered Americas State Department advice on improving Americas image in the Middle East. So does his prescription work? There has been a positive shift in attitudes towards tobacco firms, if only a small one. But at least, for once, a tobacco firm is pedd

43、ling a cure, rather than a disease.1. Why is Americas pharmaceutical industry so unpopular?A. Because it, like tobacco and oil firms, does harm to peoples health and environment.B. Because it fails to cure disease and make people live longer.C. Because the prices of its products are too high and its

44、 profit margin is too wide.D. Because it exploits its employees.2. Alan Holmer is quoted to illustrate that _A. the comparison between tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem ridiculous, or even insulting.B. the pharmaceutical industries agree that they are similar to tobacco industry.C. to

45、bacco products do more harm to people than pharmaceutical products.D. pharmaceutical industries are currently facing lots of problems.3. According to the text, Mr. Parrish gives the following suggestions to drug firms except_A. To acknowledge the problems and try to do something to improve their ima

46、ges.B. Not to react to the public in one voice through the drug association.C. Not to care about the past.D. To try to spend time and energy to persuade the majority of the audience who are open to persuasion.4. The word “mollify” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) might mean?A. placateB. enrageC. fightD. reliev

47、e5. What does the author imply by saying “This is not the first time he has offered histhoughts on dealing with implacable critics.”?A. Mr. Parrish has offered his advice to other on dealing with tough critics for several times.B. Mr. Parrish has dealt successfully with other critics himself.C. Mr.

48、Parrish has given sound advice to drug firms.D. Mr. Parrish has been of help to others on critical moments.Section B Answering questions(20)Directions: Read the following two passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage

49、 you have just read and write your answers on the answer sheet.Questions 1-3New tools offer new opportunities, but what are the risks and who benefits?Human intervention for the improvement of crops, trees, livestock and fish is nothing new. For millennia, humans have bred, crossed and selected thos

50、e varieties, ecotypes and breeds that were more productive, better adapted or particularly useful.Conventional breeding practices can now be complemented by a number of new and powerful techniques. Some of these allow, for example, the propagation of plant material in glass tubes to keep it free of

51、diseases, and the production of more sensitive and specific reagents for diagnosing diseases in plants, livestock and fish through tissue and cell culture. Others, often referred to as molecular methods, enable scientists to see the layout of the entire genome of any organism and to select plants an

52、d animals with preferred characteristics by “reading” at the molecular level, saving precious time and resources.Modern biotechnology also includes an array of tools for introducing or deleting a particular gene or genes to produce plants, animals and micro-organisms with novel traits. This kind of

53、genetic manipulation is called “genetic engineering” and the product is a genetically modified organism, or GMO. Both traditional and modern biotechnologies result in plants, animals and micro-organisms with combinations of genes that would not have come about without human intervention. It has to b

54、e emphasized, however, that biotechnology includes a range of techniques and products, and GMOs are but one of them.“With the increasingly limited amount of new land available to agriculture, modern biotechnologies could complement and improve the efficiency of traditional selection and breeding tec

55、hniques to enhance agricultural productivity,” says Mahmoud Solh, Director of FAOs Division of Plant Production and Protection.A plant or an animal resistant to a particular disease can be produced through a “traditional” breeding programme, that is, through crosses with resistant relative, selectio

56、n and backcrossing again, or by the introduction of a gene that confers the resistance through genetic engineering. While the products of both approaches will be disease resistant, only the second one is a GMO. What is new is the ability of scientists to unravel the genome to look at the genes of an organism, and then make use of that information to change the organism, and even transfer genes to another organism very distant in the evolutionary scale. And th