1、第 4 講 Cloning 語法篇1 . 掌握同位語從句的結構與功能；2 .能夠熟練選用合適的引導詞。一 . 概述：同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句通常由that 引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem、 promise、 question、 request、 suggestion、 truth 、 wish 、 word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得

2、這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。二 . 同位語從句的功能1. 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that 引導，例如：1) The king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all th

3、e soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whethereg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3) 連接代詞what，who，whom，whose，which1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2)I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal taste.3)The

4、question who will take his place is still not clear.三 . 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off.四 . 同位語從句與定語從句的區別(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語) ，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性

5、質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. ( 他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that 引導的從句是定語從句，that 在從句中作賓語)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. ( 湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。) (同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分)五.如何判斷從句類型：1 .放句首沒有用逗號分開的，一般是主語從句，也有可能是狀語從句，但從句結束后若有體現時態 變

6、化的動詞，則一一定是主語從句。2 .放及物動詞后，若及物動詞不是被動語態，后面一定是賓語從句；若句首為It,該及物動詞是被動語態，后面一般是主語從句（ It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when ）或狀語從句3 .放be動詞后，后面就是表語從句，但 “It is/was +從句（被強調成分）+ that是強調句（強調句中 非 謂語”）。4 .放名詞后，一般是定語從句，但若該名詞有內涵/內容"（fact/truth/news/ information /problem/suggestion /idea / doubt ）, 則很可能是同位語從句。1.

7、 （2019 重慶卷）Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea he did it ; that ' s one of his favorite universities.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. how答案：B解析：本題實際上是一個同位語從句，是對名詞idea的內容進行的說明。 短語have no idea后面可以使用多種形式的同位語結構， 如have no idea where to go等。根據句意可知使用 why表

8、示原因。故B 正確。2. （2019 浙江高考 ）The only way to succeed at the highest level id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. howB. that C. which D. whether答案：B解析：此句是同位語從句，對belief進行說明，根據句意從句部分不缺少成分，that引導，所以選B。3. （2019 蘭州高二下 ）Tomorrow is Tom ' s birthday. Have you got any

9、idea the party is to be held.A. thatB. whichC. where D. what答案：C解析：此題考查同位語從句，從句對idea進行說明，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以選 C。4. （2019 浙江溫州高二下 ）Word comes free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first.A. whatB. that C. why D. which答案：B解析：此題考查同位語從句，從句是對word進行解釋，由于從句中不缺少成分，用 that引導，所以選Bo5. （2019 江蘇南昌高二下 ）-Dad, can y

10、ou meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to Beijing?A. whichB. thatC. where D. when答案：B解析：此句考查同位語從句的引導詞，從句是對demand進行解釋，從句部分不缺少成分，根據句意應該填that,所以選擇Bo基礎演練1. What do you think his proposal we a play at the English party.第3頁/共7頁第 5頁 /共 7頁A. what ； put upC. which ； put upB. that；put onD. that；put o

11、ff2. is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 World Expo.A. WhichB. ThisC. ThatD. It3. He made a promise he would help me.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. why4. Mother made a promise I entered a key school ， she would take me to Hongkong.A. thatB. that ifC. ifD. whether5. All the people around

12、 the world have the same simple dream they will always live in peace andcomfort.A. thatB. whichKey: 1 -5BDABA6. They have no idea at allA. where he has goneC. which place has he gone7. His success was because ofC. whereD. when鞏固提高8. where did he goD. where has he gone_ he had been working hard.A. th

13、atB. the fact which C. the fact thatD. the fact8. The order came _the soldiers the small village the next morning.A. that ； had to leaveB. that； should leaveC. /； must leaveD. when；should leave9. We all know the truth the earth around the sun.A. if ； movedB. that；moves C. why； moveD. whether； move10

14、. The question came up at the meetingwe had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whether D. if11. The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether12. There s a feeling in me we ll never know w-h-a-t- anoUtFeOveirs.A. thatB. whichC.

15、of whichD. what13. It remains a question we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. what14. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which15. They came to the conclusion by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. be

16、cause of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done1. I have no ideahe will come back.A. WhereB. whenC. whatD. that2. The news surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. ThatB.whenC. what D. how3. One of the menheld the view the book s

17、aid was right.A. what thatB. that whichC. that what D. which that4. Word has come some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. WhatB. whetherC. thatD. which5. They received orders the work be done at once.A .which B. whenC. /D .that6. He can t answer the question he got the

18、 money.A. thatB. whom7. I have the information .A. of what he ll come soonC. of that he ll come soonC. howD. whetherB. that he ll come soonD. his coming soon8. But the fact remains we are behind the other classes.A. howB. whereC. whenD. that9. He made a promise anyone set him free he would make him

19、very rich.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. that if10. His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we goB. which we should goC. that we would goD. when we should go11. An idea came to hershe might do the experiment in another day.A. that B. whatC. whenD. which12. They have no ide

20、a at all .A. where he has goneB.which place he has goneC. where did he goD.where has he gone13. The question remains theParty can win the majority of the people.A. thatB.ifC.whether D. /14. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A. WhetherB. WhereC. ThatD. when15. Along with the let

21、ter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whetherKey: 1 -5 DBACD6-10 CBDAA11-15 AACAB. 單項選擇I.The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2 .The fact he was successful proves his ability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3 .The news he w

22、as kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4 .His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.1 have no idea he will start.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./二.用恰當的關系詞填空1. The news our team has won the game is really encouraging.2. I have no idea he did it.3. I have no id

23、ea the meeting will begin.4. The problem(if/whether) they will go to Beijing hasn' t been discussed yet.5. We haven ' t settled the question we' re going to spend our summer vacation.Key: 一.1-5 AABBA2 .1. that 2. how 3. when 4. whether 5. where3 .完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入

24、空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。After the board meeting , Frank began to tell us of his childhood. "I grew up in San Pedro. My dad was a fisherman and had his own 1. But it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he 2_enough to feed the family."He looked at us and

25、 said , "I 3 you could have met my dad. He was a big man and strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him , he 4 like the ocean. He would wear his old canvas , foul-weather coat and overalls with the rain hat 5 _ down over his brow. No matter how m

26、uch my mother washed them , they would still smell of the sea and of fish."Frank's voice 6a bit as if he were back to his childhood. "When the weather was bad he would drive me to school. His truck was older than he was , which you could hear coming for 7. As he would drive toward the

27、school, I would shrink down into the seat hoping to 8.1"When the truck stopped , it would throw out a cloud of smoke. He would pull right up in front , and it seemed like 9would be standing around and watching. Then he would 10 and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. I

28、t was so 11 for me at that time."He paused and then went on, "I 12 that day I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school, he had his 13 big smile. He started to lean toward me , 14 I put my hand up and said , 'No, Dad.""It was the first time I had eve

29、r talked to him that way , and he had this 15 look on his face. My dad looked at me for the longest time , and his eyes started to tear 也.I had never seen him cry. He turned and looked out of the windshield. 'You are right , 'he said, 'You are a big boy -a man. I won't kiss you any m

30、ore.'"Frank got a funny look on his face , and tears began to well up in his eyes as he spoke. "It wasn't long 17 that when my dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when most of the fleet stayed 1_8_but not dad."I looked at Frank and saw that tears were running dow

31、n his cheeks. Frank spoke again , "Guys, you don't know 19I would give to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek . If I had been 20_, I would never have told my dad I was too old for a goodbye kiss."1. A. houseB. truckC. boatD. car2. A. caughtB. receivedC. madeD. took3. A.

32、 thinkB. wishC.hopeD. mean4. A. lookedB. tastedC. feltD. smelled5. A. pulledB. takenC. putD. laid6. A. workedB. roseC. lostD. dropped7. A. blocksB. streetsC. hoursD. moments8. A. appearB. escapeC. disappearD. flee9. A. the studentsB. everybodyC. somebodyD. the teachers10. A. come overB. lean overC.

33、go overD. turn over11. A. excitingB. frighteningC. embarrassingD. surprising12. A. rememberB. believeC. thinkD. imagine13. A. unusualB. commonC. ordinaryD. usual14. A. andB. butC. soD. therefore15. A. surprisedB. excitedC. movedD. worried16. A. upB. downC. offD. away17. A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. f

34、rom18. A. onB. inC. offD. out19. A. ifB. thatC. whichD. what20. A. studentB. boyC. childD. manKey: 1 -5 CABDA6-10DACBB11-15 CADBA16-20 ACBDD四.閱讀理解What do we think with? Only the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard , but not the whole system. Its function is t

35、o receive incoming signals, making proper connections and send messages through to their destination. For efficient service , the body must function as a whole. But where is the "mind"? Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system? After all, canlike a leg , or even the brain. It i

36、s awe say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not like a thing ;第8頁/共7頁function ， an activity. Aristotle ，2， 300 years ago，observed that the mind was to the body what cuttingwas to the axe.When the axe is not in use ， there is no cutting. So with the mind. "Mind" ， said Charles

37、 H. Woolbert， "is what the body is doing". If this activity is necessary for thinking ， it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. If you have never done this with great efforts ， you have a surprise in store，for good conversationalists are almost constantly in m

38、otion. Their heads are continuously noddingand shaking sometimes so vigorously （ 精神旺盛地） that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain（過勞 ）. Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms， they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people， remember， are not making speeches. They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They ar