1、第一講第一講 學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同文體學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同文體 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們閱讀下面的段落，并推斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都請(qǐng)同學(xué)們閱讀下面的段落，并推斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都使你想到了什么？使你想到了什么？ The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it! ( 2010年北京中考閱讀B篇的第一段) 議論文議論文What do you do if youre stranded(處于困境的處于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely y

2、ou need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane. Body signalsSmoke signalsGroud-to-air signals （ 2011年北京中考閱讀C篇的第一段及后面幾段的小標(biāo)題） 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but bac

3、k then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2001. ( 2011年高考北京卷閱讀A篇第一段) 記敘文記敘文文體識(shí)別練習(xí)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們繼續(xù)閱讀下面的段落，并判斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都使你想到了什么？請(qǐng)同學(xué)們繼續(xù)閱讀下面的段落，并判斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都使你想到了什么？(1) In the west, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the

4、year the person was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences ones personality. (2) Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that is almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is -

5、the language of scienceThese are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: (3) It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over t

6、o get their yearbooks signed and to sign mine.(4) My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville,Kentucky, where she had grown up.(5) Each year Ben is glad when school is closed on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Ben knows that this day honors an importan

7、t man, but Ben does not feel connected to him. However, the small-world theory(理論理論) connects Ben to Dr. King. Bens mom (0) has a close friend, Amy (1). Amys uncle, Mark (2), once met and spoke to John Carter (3), the son of President Jimmy Carter (4). Jimmy Carter knew Dr. King (5). In a way, Ben i

8、s only “ five people away” from Martin Luther King Jr.(6) Chinatown is the name given to an area in the middle of London. It is just between Leicester Square and Shaftsbury Avenue. Gerrard Street is at the center and is the most important street in the area. There is a large Chinese community with a

9、 lot of Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shops in this street.1. (選自選自2011年北京中考年北京中考A篇篇)Susan, the USMy best friend is Fanny. She is clever and interesting. We always look after each other. The first week we met, I got sick and she looked after me every day.Betty, EnglandMy best friend

10、is Ana. She is honest and serious. We were born in the same city in England. Then I moved to America with my family. I thought I would never see Ana again. When I went to college in New Your, Ana and I shared the same room!Ken, JapanI love to spend time with Daisuke because he is funny and smart. We

11、 enjoy talking about the funny things we did when we were children, and tell the same stupid jokes over and over again.Lily, AustraliaLinda is a very confident girl and she is really kind. Some people may wonder why Linda and I are best friends because we are totally different, but I think this is w

12、hy we are such good friends.1. Who is Susans best friend?A. Ana.B. Fanny.C. Linda.D. Daisuke.2. Where is Ken from?A. Australia.B. The US. C. England.D. Japan.3. What is Linda like?A. Confident and kind.B. Funny and smart.C. Honest and serious.D. Clever and interesting.該篇閱讀非常簡(jiǎn)單，初一的小同學(xué)也能做該篇閱讀非常簡(jiǎn)單，初一的小

13、同學(xué)也能做好！好！1 說(shuō)明文的定義：主要用說(shuō)明的方式來(lái)表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容，它常被用來(lái)介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)。特說(shuō)明文的定義：主要用說(shuō)明的方式來(lái)表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容，它常被用來(lái)介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)。特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容上重視點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容上重視科學(xué)性科學(xué)性，語(yǔ)言形式重視，語(yǔ)言形式重視條理性條理性 。2 常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明方法：分類說(shuō)明、舉例說(shuō)明、描寫說(shuō)明、比較說(shuō)明、數(shù)字說(shuō)明、圖像或圖表說(shuō)明、常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明方法：分類說(shuō)明、舉例說(shuō)明、描寫說(shuō)明、比較說(shuō)明、數(shù)字說(shuō)明、圖像或圖表說(shuō)明、下定義和注釋。下定義和注釋。 3 說(shuō)明文舉例說(shuō)明文舉例現(xiàn)在我們讀一篇較復(fù)雜的說(shuō)明文，選自現(xiàn)在我們讀一篇較復(fù)雜的說(shuō)明文，選自2011年北京中考閱讀年北京中考閱讀C篇

14、篇2. What do you do if youre stranded(處于困境的處于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.Body signals (信號(hào)信號(hào))Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they hav

15、e the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. if you want the polite to know that its safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (彎曲彎曲) your knees. If you w

16、ant to say that its not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.Smoke signalsThe smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so its a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isnt hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they

17、 get out of control. Never light a fire unless youre sure that it cant spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.Ground-to-air signalsIts a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(標(biāo)記標(biāo)記). I

18、f you cant find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:F“I need food and water.”II “I need medicine.”I“I am badly hurt.”X“I am unable to move from here.Pilots repliesIf the pilot lowers the planes wings from side to side, this means “message received and understood”. (At night, the pilot flash

19、es the planes green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means “message received but not understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the planes red lights.)However, there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not?1. Which picture means “its not safe to land”

20、?2.what can we learn from the passage?A. Swinging your arm from side to side means “yes”.B. If the ground is dark, light smoke cant be seen.C. If you need some medicine, make a symbol “II”.D. The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.3. What is the passage mainly about?A. The explanation of

21、 building signals on an island.B. The importance of making signals on an island.C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.中篇說(shuō)明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)：中篇說(shuō)明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)：1 抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問(wèn)題會(huì)在第一段找到答案抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問(wèn)題會(huì)在第一段找到答案2 不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，文章

22、的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示3 如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題4 邊讀邊整理重要信息邊讀邊整理重要信息不要忘記閱讀四要不要忘記閱讀四要:心眼口還有手！心眼口還有手！同學(xué)們，你們記住中篇說(shuō)明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)了嗎？同學(xué)們，你們記住中篇說(shuō)明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)了嗎？1 抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問(wèn)題會(huì)在第一段找到答案抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問(wèn)題會(huì)在第一段找到答案2 不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示3 如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題4 邊讀邊整理重要信息邊讀邊整理重要信息不要忘記閱讀四要不

23、要忘記閱讀四要:心眼口還有手！心眼口還有手！對(duì)！讓我們?cè)賮?lái)回憶一下我們剛剛讀過(guò)的對(duì)！讓我們?cè)賮?lái)回憶一下我們剛剛讀過(guò)的2011年中考的年中考的C篇內(nèi)容。同學(xué)篇內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們，你們發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗎，其實(shí)你在不知不覺(jué)中運(yùn)用了我們的說(shuō)明文閱讀要領(lǐng)，們，你們發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗎，其實(shí)你在不知不覺(jué)中運(yùn)用了我們的說(shuō)明文閱讀要領(lǐng)，記住了文中很多內(nèi)容，而且還學(xué)會(huì)了將信息記住了文中很多內(nèi)容，而且還學(xué)會(huì)了將信息概括概括。試想一下，如果文中。試想一下，如果文中沒(méi)有小標(biāo)題，你也會(huì)自己根據(jù)段意概括內(nèi)容了。好，這就是大家在學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有小標(biāo)題，你也會(huì)自己根據(jù)段意概括內(nèi)容了。好，這就是大家在學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)明文中得到的新能力說(shuō)明文中得到的新能力5 根據(jù)段落信息進(jìn)

24、行根據(jù)段落信息進(jìn)行概括概括下面我們用概括的方法再看一篇下面我們用概括的方法再看一篇“投稿說(shuō)明投稿說(shuō)明/Submission Guidelines”，本篇選自本篇選自2011年高考北京卷閱讀的年高考北京卷閱讀的B篇。本文共篇。本文共8小段，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們不要為小段，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)同學(xué)都曾經(jīng)在校內(nèi)或校外為自己精彩的文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)同學(xué)都曾經(jīng)在校內(nèi)或校外為自己精彩的文章產(chǎn)生過(guò)投稿的沖動(dòng)，好！那我們就來(lái)看一下給文章產(chǎn)生過(guò)投稿的沖動(dòng)，好！那我們就來(lái)看一下給Post雜志投稿都需要雜志投稿都需要注意什么。注意什么。Submission Guidelines Before s

25、ending us a manuscript(稿件稿件), look through recent issues(刊物刊物) of the Post to get an idea of the range and style of articles we publish. You will discover that our focus has broadened to include well-researched, timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement,travel. Humor, and many oth

26、er fields. ( (讀完這段，你記住并概括了哪些信息？讀完這段，你記住并概括了哪些信息？) ) The Posts goal is to remain unique, with content that provides additional understandings on the ever-evolving American scene. ( (這一段講這一段講POSTPOST雜志的目標(biāo)就是保持自雜志的目標(biāo)就是保持自己的特色，內(nèi)容上能體現(xiàn)對(duì)瞬息萬(wàn)變的美國(guó)事件的額外見(jiàn)解。己的特色，內(nèi)容上能體現(xiàn)對(duì)瞬息萬(wàn)變的美國(guó)事件的額外見(jiàn)解。) ) In addition to feature-le

27、ngth(專題長(zhǎng)度的專題長(zhǎng)度的) articles, the Post buys anecdotes, cartoons, and photos. Payment ranges from $25 to $400. ( (這一段講了這一段講了POSTPOST雜志還需要哪些文章雜志還需要哪些文章) ) Our nonfiction needs include how-to, useful articles on gardening, pet care and training, financial planning, and subjects of interest to a 45-plus, h

28、ome-loving readership. For nonfiction articles, indicate any special qualifications you have for writing about the subject, especially scientific material. Include one or two published pieces with your article. We prefer typed articles between 1,000 and 2,000 words in length. We encourge you to send

29、 both printed and online versions. ( (這一段主要講了雜志需要什么類型的文章？你能總結(jié)這一段主要講了雜志需要什么類型的文章？你能總結(jié)一下嗎？還有一下嗎？還有special qualifications指的是指的是“特殊資質(zhì)特殊資質(zhì)”，也就是投稿非小說(shuō)類文章時(shí)要說(shuō)明你寫，也就是投稿非小說(shuō)類文章時(shí)要說(shuō)明你寫此類主題的特殊資質(zhì)，尤其是科技型的材料。此類主題的特殊資質(zhì)，尤其是科技型的材料。 ) ) We also welcome new fiction. A light, humorous touch is appreciated. We are always in

30、 need of straight humor articles. Make us laugh, and well buy it. (什么樣的什么樣的touch/手法，風(fēng)格手法，風(fēng)格 is appreciated/受到欣賞呢受到欣賞呢?) Feature articles average about 1,000 to 2,000 words. We like positive, fresh angles to Post articles, and we ask that they be thorougly researched. ( (還記得還記得featurefeature是什么文章嗎？從文章是什么文章嗎？從文章的第三段開(kāi)頭可以找到該詞。的第三段開(kāi)頭可以找到該詞。) ) We normally respond to article submissio