1、 1 一般現在時主要用法1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。 注意：此用法如果出

2、現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如： I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。第一句用一般現在時，用于操作演示或指導說明

3、的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現在時。2. 其他用法1)一般現在時代替一般過去時 a. 書上說，報紙上說等。例如： The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。 b. 敘述往事，使其生動。例如： Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破侖的軍隊正在向前挺進，大戰開始了。 2)一般現在時代替一般將來時 a. When, while, before, aft

4、er, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導的時間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。典型例題（1）He said he_me a present unless I_ i

5、n doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeeded C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 答案B. 在時間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時。本題有He said，故為過去式。主句用將來時，故選B. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時。b.表示現在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。例如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物館明天10點開門。（實際 上每天如此

6、。） The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 c. 在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。3) 一般現在時代替現在完成時 a. 有些動詞用一般現在時代替完成時，如hear, tell, learn, wr

7、ite , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如： I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。 I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。b. 用句型 It is since代替It has been since 。例如：It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 從我們上次見面以來，五年過去了。4)一般現在時代替現在進行時。 在Here comes/Th

8、ere goes等句型里，用一般現在時代替現在進行時。例如： There goes the bell. 鈴響了。1.現在進行時的基本用法： 1). 表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 2). 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態。） 3). 表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The le

9、aves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。4). 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。典型例題 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC

10、. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時2. 不用進行時的動詞 1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子

11、是我姐的。2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如： I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I acce

12、pt your advice. 我接受你的勸告。4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。3. 用現在進行時表示將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。 例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎? 1.一般

13、過去時的用法 1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。 例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they wer

14、e given a warm welcome. 那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth “到時間了” “該了”。 例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 句型：It is time that sb. did sth. “時間已遲了” “早該了” ， 例如: It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。句型：would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.還是

15、明天來吧。4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

16、 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）used to / be used to ）used to + do：過去常常表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。）be used to + doing： 對已感到習慣，或習慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。例如：He is used to a vegetarian di

17、et. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣于散步了。典型例題- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1）兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如： When she saw the mouse，she screame

18、d. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。2 ） 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如： When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.1.概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。2. 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長

19、動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。3. 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。 It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the moun

20、tain, the sun was shining.我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。典型例題1） Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，“瑪麗在做衣服時”提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。2） As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fall

21、ingD. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為“當之時”。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 “在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。”句中的 fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 1.構成：have （has） +過去分詞 2.基本用法 1）現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在（常與yet,already,just連用） You have just missed the bus. 你剛好錯過公共汽車 2) 也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。(for,

22、since) 。 Mary has been ill for three days. 瑪麗已經病了天了2.比較一般過去時與現在完成時 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。 2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never,

23、 just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：I saw t

24、his film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續） 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterd

25、ay, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3. 用于現在完成時的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。 This is the first ti

26、me （that） Ive heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容詞最高級+that結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。典型例題（1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D.

27、 am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。（2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。（錯）I have receive

28、d his letter for a month.（對）I havent received his letter for almost a month.4.比較since和for1)Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。 I worked here for more than twenty years.

29、 （我現在已不在這里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six y

30、ears ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.2)since的四種用法 a. since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。 b. since +一段時間+ ago。例如： I have been here since

31、 five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。 c. since +從句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 d. It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了 1. 概念：表示過去的過去-|-|-|- 其構成是had +過去分詞構成

32、。那時以前 那時現在 2. 用法 1). 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。 2). 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在后，用一般過去時。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。3). 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, supp

33、ose等，用過去完成時表示“原本，未能”。例如We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。 3.過去完成時的時間狀語 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as例如：He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛

34、迪生開始自己謀生。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。典型例題 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left 答案D.

35、“把書忘在辦公室”發生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學們正忙于”這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。注意：had hardly when還沒等 就。例如： I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。 had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。 1. 構成will

36、 have done 2. 概念 1). 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如： They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。 2). 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如： You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經到達上海了。1.shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如： Which parag

37、raph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？2.be going to +不定式，表示將來。1). 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如： What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ 2). 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如： The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。 3). 有跡象要發生的事。例如： Look at the dark clouds, there is go

38、ing to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。3.be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六討論這份報告。4. be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。注意1: be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表將來,will

39、表意 愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror注意2: be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示 主觀的打算或計劃。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排

40、） Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排） 1.概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態或動作，或按預測將來會發生的事情。例如：Shell be coming soon. 她會很快來的。Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來我一定去見他。注意：將來進行時不用于表示意志，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her. 2.常用的時間狀語有: soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, this time，tomor

41、row, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 例如：This time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此時，我正躺在海灘上呢。時態時間狀語一般現在時every, sometimes,at, on Sunday等一般過去時yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般將來時next, tomorrow, in+一段時間, before+時間點等現在完成時for, since, so far, ever, never, just,

42、 yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently等過去完成時before, by+過去的時間, until, when, after, once等過去進行時this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while等將來進行時soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow

43、 evening 1.“What happened in that new area?” “New houses _recently over there.” a. are built b. build c. have built d. have been built 2.“When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we _ to work.” a. went b. were going c. had gone d. go 3.“Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I _ to bed until

44、 five in the morning.” a. did go b. didnt go c. had gone d. went 4.Perhaps it will be a long time _ from abroad. a. when Tom comes back b. when Tom will come back c.before Tom comes back d. that Tom comes backdabc5._ that dress when I first saw you at the station? a. Were you wearing b. Have you wor

45、n c. Did you wear d. do you wear6.Mr Wu _ to work by bus every day. a. has been traveling b. has traveled c. travels d. is traveling7.Dont disturb him. He _ to the weather forecast. a. listens b. is being listened c. has listened d. is listening8.My English teacher _ my test. a. has not yet graded b

46、. has not yet been graded c. is not yet to be graded d. is not yet graded9.We _ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion. a. are being worked b. are working c. have been working d. have been worked10.Shanghai _ on the Huangpu River. a. stand b. stands c. is being stand d. has

47、 stood11.“Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays now.” a. write b. have been writing c. are writing d. have writtenacdacbc12.“_ your best? Its not satisfactory. Im afraid you will have to do it again.” a. Do you try b. Have you tried c. Are you trying d. Have you been trying13.Chinese m

48、arried couple _ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year. a. give b. have been giving c. are giving d. have given14.My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. a. has just made b. is just being made c. has just been made d. is just made15.This is the first time the students _ t

49、o Hyde Park. a. have gone b. have been gone c. have been going d. are being gone16.She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. a. is doing b. has been doing c. has done d. has been done17.I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. a. am still to remember b. have still been rememberin

50、g c. am being still remembered d. still remembbacabd18.I _ swimming in the river and I always _ to swim when I can. a. am liking/have gone b. am being liked/am going c. like/go d. have liked/have been going19.The No.8 bus _ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University. a. are gone b.

51、 is being gone c. goes d. are going20.If it _,the match will be postponed. a. has been rained b. does rain c. rains d. is rained21.As soon as I _ the tools, I shall begin with the work. a. have b. am having c. have been having d. have been had22.Once you _ the knack of it, you will have no further d

52、ifficulty. a. shall have b. had had c. are having d. have23.Every time he _ me, he is rude to me a. will see b. sees c. is seeing d. is seencccadb24.We _ fine weather for the past few days. a. have b. are having c. have been had d. have been having25.It _ every day so far this month. a. is raining b

53、. rains c. has rained d. has been rained26.no one can prove that the earth _ not round. a. is being b. is to be c. is d. has been27.“There she _!We neednt wait any longer.” a. comes b. has been come c. has been coming d. is to come28.He was sixty-eight. In two years he _ seventy. a. would be b. was

54、c. had been d. was being29.How long ago _ playing football? a. had you stopped b. would you stop c. did you stop d. were you stopping30.Up till then we _ half the distance. a. had only covered b. covered c. would only cover d. would be only covered31.While I _ television, the door bell _. a. watched

55、/would ring b. would watch/had rung b. was watching/rang d. had been watched/was ringingdccaacac32.They _ with us for the time being. a. would stay b. will stay c. have been staying d. will be staying33.I never dreamed I _ here discussing state affairs with the other deputies. a. will be sitting b.

56、would be sitting c. will have been sitting d. would have been sitting34.John told us that by the end of the year they _ together for thirty years. a. would have been living b. would have lived c. would have been lived d. will have been living35.I _ to visit their country before long. a. have been invited b. am being invited c. had been invite