1、2021/3/912021/3/92非謂語動詞意義上的行為執(zhí)非謂語動詞意義上的行為執(zhí)行者就是其邏輯主語行者就是其邏輯主語. .如果其邏輯主語與非謂語動如果其邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主動關系詞之間是主動關系, , 則非謂語則非謂語動詞要用主動語態(tài)形式動詞要用主動語態(tài)形式; ; 如果如果是被動關系是被動關系, , 則用被動語態(tài)形則用被動語態(tài)形式式. .2021/3/93一一. .不定式的邏輯主語不定式的邏輯主語1.1.一般來說一般來說, ,動詞不定式的邏動詞不定式的邏輯主語就是句中的主語輯主語就是句中的主語. .I am sorry to hear that.We need oxygen to

2、breath.He was seen to go out with a man.2021/3/94He wants to learn English.Some stars are too small to be seen.This point to be explained is about the long history of iron.2021/3/952.2.在以在以“賓語賓語不定式不定式”的復的復合結構中，賓語就是不定式的合結構中，賓語就是不定式的邏輯主語邏輯主語She wants you to call him back at 11.I often heard him sing t

3、he song.2021/3/96They want the machine to be tested at once.3.3.在在“ “ for/of ” ”+ +名詞（或代名詞（或代詞的賓格）詞的賓格）動詞不定式動詞不定式的結的結構中，構中，“ “ for/of ” ” 后的名詞后的名詞（或代詞的賓格）為動詞不定（或代詞的賓格）為動詞不定式的邏輯主語式的邏輯主語This is for you to decide.2021/3/97I dont think it advisable(可取可取的的） for her to study medicineThere are a lot of exp

4、eriment for the students to do.This box is too heavy for him to carry.2021/3/98Its important for the students to learn a foreign language.Its very kind of you to dinner.二動名詞的邏輯主語二動名詞的邏輯主語He avoided giving us a definite answer.2021/3/99Have you finished reading the book?Ive been looking forward to go

5、ing to Beijing for a long time.Norman hated being a fool.2021/3/9102.動名詞的邏輯主語如果不與句子的主語一致，則該動名詞前一般有一個物主代詞或名詞所有格作為它的邏輯主語這種 “ 物主代詞或名詞所有格動名詞 ”結構就是動名詞的復合結構它在句中具有主語，表語、定語或賓語的功能。2021/3/911Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Do you think her going there will be of any help?They all thought

6、Lao Lis going there a great mistake.I had no idea of their having done such a thing.2021/3/912注意: 在現代英語中, 尤其是在口語中, 如果不是在句子的開頭, 這種邏輯主語常可用名詞的通格 (或人稱代詞的賓格)來代替, 這比用所有格更自然些.He didnt like young people / them smoking.She was awaken by someone knocking at the door.2021/3/913三三.分詞的邏輯主語分詞的邏輯主語1.分詞作狀語時分詞作狀語時,其

7、邏輯主語其邏輯主語就是句中的主語就是句中的主語.When heated, water will be changed into vapour.Given enough time, he would do it better.2021/3/914While heating water, we can change it into vapour.Being a league member, he always sets a good example to others.2021/3/9152.分詞作賓語補足語時分詞作賓語補足語時, 賓語賓語就是其邏輯主語就是其邏輯主語.Suddenly I hea

8、d the door opened.Suddenly I heard someone opening the door.2021/3/9163分詞作定語時分詞作定語時, 被修飾的名詞被修飾的名詞就是其邏輯主語就是其邏輯主語.The hours being built is our laboratory.Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least 320,000 Americans every year.2021/3/917Some companies are offering special gifts and

9、 lower prices to people signing an agreement to stop smoking.2021/3/9184.4.分詞獨立結構分詞獨立結構分詞作狀語時分詞作狀語時, ,有時其邏輯主有時其邏輯主語與句中的主語不一致語與句中的主語不一致, ,它可它可以有自己的邏輯主語以有自己的邏輯主語. .該邏輯該邏輯主語通常用名詞的通格或代主語通常用名詞的通格或代詞的主格表示詞的主格表示, ,放在分詞的前放在分詞的前面面. .2021/3/919構成構成”名詞通格名詞通格( (或代詞主格或代詞主格) ) + + 分詞分詞”的結構的結構, ,稱為分詞獨立結稱為分詞獨立結構構.

10、.該結構通常修飾整個句子該結構通常修飾整個句子, ,表表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨情示時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況況. .The problem having been solved, we ended the meeting.(=having solved the problem, we ended the meeting.2021/3/920The rain having ruined her cap, she had to buy a new one.The night being dark, she was afraid to go there.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.2021/3/921注意注意: :分詞獨立結構主要用于分詞獨立結構主要用于描繪性文字中描繪性文字中; ;口語中用狀語口語中用狀語從句或并列句更自然些從句或并列句更自然些. .2021/3/9225.分詞獨立結構前面有時帶有分詞獨立結構前面有時帶有 “with/without”, 構成構成” with/witho