1、2019年6月大學英語四級真題解析及參考答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhoodYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【參考范文】OnJune14,Friday,avolunteeract

2、ivitywheremanystudentstookanactivepartinvisitingthelocalNursingHousewasorganizedbytheStudentUnionanditturnsouttobeabigsuccess.TheactivitywasaimedatencouragingstudentstovisittheelderlyattheNursingHouseandhelpelderlypeopledealwiththeirtroublesbothphysicalandpsychological.Manystudentsvolunteeredtoparti

3、cipateinthisgooddeedandwereengagedinhelpingtheelderlyhereoutbymakingtheirmeals,washingtheirclothesandchattingwiththem.Whenaskedaboutthosevolunteers'feelingsaboutsuchanexperience,allofthemrespondedwithasmile,saying“whatawonderfulpracticeandIreallyappreciatethisexperience,foritmakesmelearntocaremo

4、reforothersinneed.”Allinall,theactivityturnsouttobeasuccessnotonlyforthevisitedelderlybutforthosestudentsinvolved.【參考范文譯文】6月14日，星期五，學生會組織了一個參觀當地敬老院的志愿活動，許多學生都積極參與其中，該活動取得了巨大的成功。此次志愿活動旨在拜訪當地敬老院的老人們并對他們各個方面的困難提供幫助。許多學生主動加入到此次善舉當中，幫老人們洗衣做飯、談心解悶，竭盡所能提供幫助。問及參與此次活動的感想時，他們毫無例外地回道“真是太有意義了，很感謝這次經歷，它讓我懂得要去更加關

5、愛那些有困難的人”總而言之，此次活動取得了巨大成功，不僅僅對那些老人來說受益多多，對丁參與的學生來說也是意義良多。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michigan

6、lawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.Se“Michigan29sinautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan,'”tleahaSpeatorMikKowall,

7、thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywoulds32asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-d

8、rivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand3ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehum

9、andriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A) bidB)contrastC)deputyD)dominanceE)fleetsF)knotsG)legislationI)replaceJ)representk)restrictiveL)rewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted【參考答案】26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSectionBHowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A. TodayintheUnit

10、edStatesthereare72,000centenarians(白歲老人).Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,Fra

11、nce,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.B. Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhen

12、somanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity(長壽)withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.C. Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthiswillresultinaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyareno

13、tonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforlonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat70isthenew60”or40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlonger.D. Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,h

14、avingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.E. Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelon

15、ger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergi

16、ngforthoseintheirtwenties.F. Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntil

17、yourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(認知的)andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.G. Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecon

18、dstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.H. Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulth

19、ood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.A.Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditional

20、three-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmoreful

21、ly,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialContribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovideFoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休彳段)aspeoplefindtimrestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrel

22、ationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.K)Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabi

23、litytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.L) Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecau

24、setherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.皿Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroug

25、hlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.N)Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifes

26、pans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplications.Longevityisnotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Iti

27、saboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.36. Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.37. Justextendingone'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.38. Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.39. Becauseoftheirlonger

28、lifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.40. Manymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.41. Alongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople'sapproachtolife.42. Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.43.

29、 Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.44. Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.45. Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.【參考答案】36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebased

30、onthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓約），couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusbandbecomesseriouslyill.Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheird

31、iseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（發生）

32、offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefa

33、ceofillness,"Karrakersaid.They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsabout

34、caregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorced力women.Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespoli

35、cymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shesaid.Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedaddit

36、ionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”46. Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?A）Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B）Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C）Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D）Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.47. WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieL

37、athamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A) Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B) Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C) Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D) Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.48. WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofall

38、ill?A) Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B) Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C) Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D) Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.49. WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?A) Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B) Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakem

39、oneyforthefamily.C) Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D) Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.50. WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?A) Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B) Stabilizingoldcouples'srelations.C) Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D) Makingmenpayfortheirwives'health

40、costs.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeoplein

41、ourlifeisacommoncognitive(認知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthewrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibili

42、tyofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor

43、.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothemfamilyorfriendhadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswh

44、ensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikel

45、yaswomen.Olderpeopleandthismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.51. Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. WhatdidDavidRubinsresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A) Itisrelatedtothewayourmemori