1、閱讀理解考點分類（五）文章主旨題應對技巧一、常見提問形式1. What is the main idea/ the subject of the passage?2. The key point/ the main idea/ the best summary of the passage is_.3. Which of the following words can be used to describe the writers attitude?4. What is the main purpose of this passage/ this text?5. Which of the fo

2、llowing can be the best title for the text?二、解題技巧1. 尋找文章首段和末段2. 尋找各自然段主旨句，將之歸納綜合； 3. 最佳標題類： 1）注意文章中反復出現或強調的詞句； 2）尋找與文中大多數內容相關的信息； 3）找出覆蓋全文的核心詞句； 4）審查選項內容是否切合文章的中心論題； 5）審查選項內容與作者的寫作目的是否一致。4. 觀點態度類：（中立、贊成、反對） 1）注重理解帶有諸如though, although, but, however, yet, in fact等詞語； 2）關注文章首段或末尾的疑問句； 3）分清描述事實和表達觀點之間的差

3、異； 4）注意文章中揭示作者主觀色彩的褒貶性詞語； 5）注意轉折后的語句所說明的作者態度經典試題 （一）（上海卷B篇）Welcome to Banff, Canadas first, most famous and arguably most fascinating national park. If youve come to ski or snowboard, well see you on the slopes. Skiing is a locals favorite, too.While youre here, try other recreational activities ava

4、ilable in our mountains. Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland(but not in the national park).We also recommend

5、 you devote time to enjoying simple pleasures. After looking around Banff Ave shops, walk a couple of blocks west or south to the scenic Bow River.Try ice skating on frozen Lake Louise where Ice Magic International Ice Sculpture Competition works are displayed after Jan. 25. You can rent skates in B

6、anff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.Banffs backcountry paths access a wilderness world of silence and matchless beautycross country skis and snowshoes provide the means. Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour. Although weve been many t

7、imes, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyon worth visiting.Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories. We have seen hundreds of the elk and bighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse a sense of wonder. And the rare spotting of a cougar, wolf or woodland c

8、aribou takes our breath away.see if simple pleasures work for you. Fight in the snow with your kids, walk beside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view.71. The purpose of the writing is to_.A. promote scenic spots in Canada B. advertise for the sports in BanffC. introduce tourist acti

9、vities in Banff D. describe breathtaking views in Banff 考點破解】本題是考查考生是否了解文章寫作目的的主旨題，選項C為正確答案。本文直接向游客推薦Banff的旅游活動或旅游項目，依據非常明顯。B和D太片面，A過于籠統。（二）（上海卷C篇）A large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can signif

10、icantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lea

11、d author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile（敏捷的）.But education early in adulthood does not appear to

12、 be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores sim

13、ilar to people with more education,” said Lachman.72. What is the text mainly about?A. Higher education has a better cognitive advantage.B. Better memories result from college degree.C. Cognitive activity does good to ones mind.D. Poor education has more risk of memory declines.【考點破解】本題是文章主旨題，答案為C，依

14、據在整篇文章。采用跳讀策略，抓住要點瀏覽，特別是注意理解第三段表達的信息，就不難斷定C為正確答案。（三）（上海卷C篇）“Get your hands off me; I have been stolen, the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.The program allows users to

15、display alerts on the missing computers screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.Owners must report their laptop missing by loggin

16、g on to a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “lost or stolen” banner pops up on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version of the software, users can also send a spoken message.The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the t

17、hief closes it. “One customer sent a message saying, You are being tracked. I am right at your door,” said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever.In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. The default through the computers speakers is:” Help

18、, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, please report me now.”The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs. Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password prompt if they fear tha

19、t the thief has also got hold of the access details.If a thief accesses the Internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the Internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.Other security softwares allow users to erase data remotely or lo

20、ck down the computer.75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. With no Retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year.B. A new software provides a means to reduce laptop theft.C. Retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers.D. A new program offer

21、s a communication platform with the thief.【考點破解】本題考查考生對文章中心思想的理解，選項B為正確答案。文章首段的末句是本文的主旨句。正文各段陳述新研制的電腦放到軟件的特殊功能以及操作要領。瀏覽文章的開頭和結尾，看看正文各段的段落主題句，可以判斷B為正確選項。（四）（湖北卷A篇）It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions（感知物），the bases for th

22、e decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical

23、 facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sensed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in hu

24、mans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,

25、000 “words” ready for instant use. An average US teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction（片段）of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager ca

26、n recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.66. Which of the following is the topic of the passage?A. What life would be like without memory.B. Memory

27、is of great importance to life.C. How a persons memory is different from an animals or a computers.D. What is contained in memory.【考點破解】本題考查考生對文章主題的理解，答案為B。運用跳讀法瀏覽文章的開頭和結尾，文章第一段精煉地概括了記憶的種種重要功能，指出記憶對于生活的無比重要性。文章最后指出，使用文字是人類擁有的高級智慧的基礎，人的大部分記憶是記憶詞語。顯然，只有B才是文章的主題。（五）（安徽卷B篇）*Listen.*Use body language to

28、show interest.*Smile and nod to the interviewer*Ask about the next thing you should do.*Writer a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to. For more information, please visit jobweb. Com 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY 1000863. The best title for the last piece of information would be_.A. Tips o

29、n Showing Interest in a Job B. Steps to a Successful InterviewC. Advice on Introducing Yourself Politely D. Rules of Body Language in an Interview【考點破解】本題是考查考生是否了解文章最佳標題的主旨題，答案是B。這篇文章包括幾句簡單的祈使句，句句是忠言，而且是按照時間和邏輯順序排列的，應該說，這是最簡單的文章主旨題，瀏覽各句便可判斷只有B才是正確的。考點精煉（一）（上海卷D篇）The latest research suggests a more p

30、rosaic, democratic, even puritanical view of the world. The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark. Its not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success, even in realm like chess. Instead, its deliberate practice. Top performers spend more hours (many more hour

31、) rigorously practicing their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average verbal ability. It wouldnt have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet,

32、 say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar biographical traits. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same ethnic background, or shared the same birthday. This contact would give the girl a vision of her future selfThen she would practice writing. Her practice would be slow,

33、 painstaking and error-focusedThe primary trait she possesses is not some mysterious genius. Its the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public

34、discussion is affected by genetics and what were “hard-wired” to do. And its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves though behavior.76. The passage mainly deals with_.A. the function of IQ in cultivation a writerB. the relationship

35、 between genius and successC. the decisive factor in making a geniusD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction【解析】C. 本題考查考生對文章主題的理解能力，依據在文章的開頭和結尾。文章正文包括兩段，只要瀏覽文章的首段和末尾，就可斷定正確答案。這篇文章論證天才的關鍵因素是有目的的、堅持不懈的艱苦訓練，而不是智商的高低。（二）（上海卷A篇）A wallet misplaced during a romantic embrace has been returned to its

36、forgetful owner after 55 years.Two classic car collectors from the US state of Idaho found the wallet after it fell out of the back of a vintage（舊式的）car they were planning to restore. After an Internet search they found and contacted the owner, Glenn Goodlove. Mr Goodlove said he probably lost the w

37、allet in the back seat of his 1946 Hudson car while kissing a girl when he was home on leave from the US Navy.Jon Beck, 61, and Chuck Merrill, 72, bought the now-vintage vehicle in Idaho after placing an ad in a local newspaper to buy a classic car in need of restoration. Driving the car home after

38、buying it, the collectors stopped at a restaurant and saw something from below the back seat.“Like a couple of kids, we thought we had a goldmine,” Mr Beck said. Instead, they found some small changethe leather wallet held a $10 bill, Mr Goodloves military ID, his social security card, his drivers l

39、icense and several jewellery receipts from 1952. But they were all in the name of Glenn Putnam.After searching online, Mr Beck discovered that Mr Putnam had since changed his name to Glenn Goodlove and moved to San Diego, California. He called Mr Godlove, asking to speak to a man who used to drive a

40、 46 Hudson.“There was a silence for about 15 seconds,” Mr Beck told the Twin Falls Tmes-News. “Then he said, Who is that?” Mr Goodlove, now 75, says he did not even remember losing the wallet, but the find has brought memories of his youth in Everett, Washington, flooding back. “I could see the hous

41、e and the car and the town and all the good stuff from living there,” he said. “Theyve been flowing ever since he talked to me.”68. The most proper title for the passage is_.A. A Forgetful Wallet Owner B. Two Car Collectors and a Good DeedC. Price Paid for Romance D. Lost Wallet Found after 55 Years

42、【解析】D. 這是考查考生是否理解文章標題的主旨題，依據在文章的開頭。這是一則新聞報道，開門見山，直接點題。第一句是新聞的主題句，將主題句加以濃縮、提煉，便是新聞標題，這是快速解決標題問題的訣竅。如果有時間，瀏覽整個新聞語篇便可知道，新聞的其他段落都僅僅問繞主題描述被丟失了55年的錢包如何失而復得、物歸原主的過程，新聞末尾還生動地強調這久違的錢包給失主帶來了源源不斷的美好回憶。（三）（北京卷D篇）When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are una

43、voidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority. This view is shortsighted. In face, music education is beneficial and important for all students.Music tells us who we are.

44、 Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environmentMusic expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.Music provides a kind of perception that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can expl

45、ain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: no one way can get it all.The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematica

46、l and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared wit

47、h others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celeb

48、ration, the meaning and value of peace and love.So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.71. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Music education deserves more attention.B. Music should be of top education priority.C. Music is an effective communication tool.D. Music e

49、ducation makes students more imaginative.【解析】A. 本題考查考生是否理解文章中心思想。根據文章的主題句（首段最后一句）可以了解作者關于音樂教育的觀點。正文各段的段落主題句及其對段落主題句的闡釋均揭示了音樂教育的功能與重要性。末尾句是作者的結論：音樂教育必不可少，其重要性遠遠超過人們的認識水平。選項B過于絕對，選項C和D不全面。（四）（北京卷E篇）Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little enviro

50、nmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people waning to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注目地）and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about

51、 organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowners permission, except in national parks.Camping is about having re

52、laxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access:

53、walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good nights sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. Wh

54、en camping in woodland, avoid standing under dead trees, which may fall on a windy nightMake sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of our shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsi

55、te is found, not madechanging it should be unnecessary.75. The passage is mainly about_.A. the protection of campsites B. the importance of wild campingC. the human influence on campsites D. the dos and donts of wild camping【解析】D. 本題考查考生對文章中心思想的理解。文章首段的末尾句是是文章主題句，表明了作者的觀點：喜歡野營的人越來越多，找到不引人矚目的合適的地方野營，

56、不留下任何野營的跡象，變得越來越重要了。其他各段是對文章主題句的闡釋，主要陳述關于野營的注意事項。選項A和C過于片面，B不符合文章主題。（五）（廣東卷A篇）Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortabl

57、y warm. When she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tiredmaybe it hadnt been a good idea to give blood the night before. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a pot close to where the front of the train would sto

58、p. They were deep in a discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my God, she fell in!” Frank didnt hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No! Not you!” his girlfriend screamed after h