1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法英語(yǔ)句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)律組成的，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。一個(gè)句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。 1）主語(yǔ)：是一句的主體，是全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象，常用名詞，數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。) We are friends.(我們是朋友)這兩句話中單詞students是個(gè)名詞，we是代詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶鲋髡Z(yǔ)。 2）謂語(yǔ)：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。如： Studen

2、ts study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)We are friends. (我們是朋友)這兩句話中單詞study和are都是動(dòng)詞，study叫做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，are叫做be動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髦^語(yǔ)。3）賓語(yǔ)：表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：They are teachers. ( 他們是老師。)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)這兩句話中單詞teachers是名詞，單詞him是帶詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髻e語(yǔ)。4）定語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)任。形容詞放在名詞之前，相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句放在名詞的后面。如：This

3、 is a red sun.(這是個(gè)紅太陽(yáng).)He is a tall boy.（他是個(gè)高個(gè)子男孩。）這兩句話中單詞red和 tall都是形容詞，它們作定語(yǔ)。）狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。如：The students study hard. (這些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)努力。)I often write to him. (我常給他寫信。)The bag is too heavy. (這個(gè)書包太重了。)這三句話中單詞hard 和often修飾的都是動(dòng)詞，第三句話中單詞too修飾的是形容詞，它們都

4、作狀語(yǔ)。）表語(yǔ)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。如：This table is long. (這個(gè)桌子是長(zhǎng)的。)通常情況下,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前的成分是定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)前的成分是狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：（定語(yǔ)） 主語(yǔ) （狀語(yǔ)） 謂語(yǔ) （定語(yǔ)） 賓語(yǔ) （狀語(yǔ)）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child - went (his) home yesterday. 請(qǐng)分析下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)出各個(gè)成分1）I have two elder sisters. （我有兩個(gè)姐姐。）2) They d

5、on't swim very well.（他們游泳不太好。）3) Do you go to school every day? （你每天去上學(xué)嗎？）4) I really want a cup of tea.（我真的想要一杯茶。） 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.（史密斯先生教英語(yǔ)非常好。）語(yǔ)法其實(shí)并沒(méi)有一些人想象的那么可怕，其實(shí)里面有很多趣味。 第一講 英語(yǔ)句子成分WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She att

6、racts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上這些形式都不能構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)句子。英語(yǔ)句子(sentence)=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（核心：主動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)句子成分歌英語(yǔ)句子八呀八大塊，             主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在；補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟著賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)跑，          

7、60;  定語(yǔ)同位（語(yǔ)）專把名詞踹。狀語(yǔ)的位置它自由自在，            忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。渾身的毛病真呀真不少，            前后亂竄它還會(huì)加塞。（RAP）I八大成分的概念和構(gòu)成1主語(yǔ)(名詞代詞形)：句子的主體，是謂語(yǔ)陳述，說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain

8、.不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎么見(jiàn)彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘訣在于從磨練開(kāi)始，并要堅(jiān)持不斷磨練。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語(yǔ)4）名詞從句5）數(shù)詞6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介詞短語(yǔ)（少見(jiàn)）                  形式主語(yǔ)（名詞從句，不定式，動(dòng)名詞）（見(jiàn)第六講主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）2謂語(yǔ)：表示主語(yǔ)

9、的行為或進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。I have a dream.You dont always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。謂語(yǔ)形式：動(dòng)詞（英語(yǔ)句子的靈魂）3賓語(yǔ)：行為或活動(dòng)的對(duì)象，接受者或受影響者。You dont find opportunitiesyou make them.你找不到機(jī)會(huì)。你得去創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。You probably wont hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常開(kāi)著電視，你就可能聽(tīng)不到機(jī)會(huì)的敲門聲。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)形式：1）

10、名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語(yǔ)4）名詞從句5）數(shù)詞6）不定式7）-ing形式                                           形式賓語(yǔ)（名詞從句，不定

11、式，動(dòng)名詞）（見(jiàn)第六講主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)）4表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份和情況。(跟在系動(dòng)詞后)Time is money.Three oclock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三點(diǎn)鐘總是太早或太遲。構(gòu)成形式：1）名詞2）形容詞3）代詞4）數(shù)詞5）不定式6）ing形式7）過(guò)去分詞8）副詞9）介詞短語(yǔ)10）小品詞11）名詞從句5補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。（由動(dòng)詞類別來(lái)決定）構(gòu)成形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）形容詞4）數(shù)詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）過(guò)去分詞8）介詞短語(yǔ)9）副詞小品詞10）名詞從句主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Tom was

12、made monitor.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)I made Tom monitor.表語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)I am sure to succeed.6.      定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞性形式進(jìn)行范圍限定。7.      This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of musicgood and bad.自古音樂(lè)分兩種，好的和壞的。構(gòu)成形式：1）限定詞2）形容詞3）名詞4）數(shù)詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）過(guò)去分詞8）介詞短語(yǔ)9）副詞10）關(guān)系從句8.  

13、    同位語(yǔ)：對(duì)被修飾對(duì)象進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.構(gòu)成形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語(yǔ)4）數(shù)詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名詞從句9.      狀語(yǔ)：修飾詞，短語(yǔ)，從句和整句。位置：自由自在。1）修飾性狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞等（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，肯定，否定，程度，頻度，方式，伴隨，原因，目的，比較等）。Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when

14、 you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家時(shí)，家才最感親切。2）連接性狀語(yǔ)：連接上下文（順序，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，讓步，結(jié)果，推論，比較）。First comes spring, then summer.Ive never been to America, therefore I dont know much about it.3)評(píng)述性狀語(yǔ)：修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說(shuō)話人的看法或態(tài)度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.II成分關(guān)系1補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟著賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)跑：補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟在賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的后面構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)和表補(bǔ)。把有賓補(bǔ)

15、的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則賓補(bǔ)就變成了主補(bǔ)。To love others makes us happyto love ourselves makes us lonely.（賓補(bǔ)）We are made happy to love otherswe are made lonely to love ourselves.（主補(bǔ)）愛(ài)他人使我們幸福，在自己使我們孤單。2定語(yǔ)，同位（語(yǔ)）專把名詞踹：定語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)修飾名詞性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定語(yǔ)所修飾的形式為名詞）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city i

16、n southern Australia.（同位語(yǔ)所修飾的形式為名詞）3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由狀語(yǔ)修飾When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wont come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一個(gè)也摘不下；但也不會(huì)一無(wú)所獲。1、主語(yǔ)：(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是“誰(shuí)”發(fā)出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought

17、 against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽(tīng)為虛眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人類。)(2)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用it代替,而不定式或動(dòng)名詞移至表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在長(zhǎng)途旅行中能有個(gè)甲等座位簡(jiǎn)直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health

18、.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對(duì)你的身體不利。)(3)口語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)主語(yǔ)或“主-系”省略：(It is) nothing. (那)沒(méi)有什么。)/ (It) doesnt matter. (那)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。) / (I) thank you. (我)謝謝你。)(4)反意問(wèn)句的附加問(wèn)句,主語(yǔ)必須是代詞：The man looks worried,doesnt he? (這個(gè)人看上去很著急不是嗎？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, arent they? (老虎是危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物不是嗎？)(5)祈使句一般省

19、略主語(yǔ)。加主語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用來(lái)指定某個(gè)人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請(qǐng)保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語(yǔ)) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來(lái)。)(6)主語(yǔ)一般在句首,但在問(wèn)句中會(huì)處于第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語(yǔ)在動(dòng)詞之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)于這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們?cè)谀膬海? / Does the boy like staying home? (這個(gè)男

20、孩喜歡呆在家里嗎？)(7)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)必須保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致, 而謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。)(8)主語(yǔ)可以由從句充當(dāng),詳見(jiàn)“主語(yǔ)從句”。2、謂語(yǔ)：(1)由“不及物動(dòng)詞”、“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”或“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”等構(gòu)成,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如：He travelled in space for the f

21、irst time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。) / (2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等信息,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往由下列詞語(yǔ)依序排列構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞+語(yǔ)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~(不一定全部出現(xiàn))。(見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成表)記住：謂語(yǔ)部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往是變形動(dòng)詞。如：I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對(duì)不起我發(fā)出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He

22、 cant have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長(zhǎng)達(dá)800頁(yè)的小說(shuō)。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。) (3)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞切忌用“行為動(dòng)詞1 + 原形動(dòng)詞”、“be + 原形動(dòng)詞”。記住使用下列正確形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形動(dòng)詞。如：Youd better go over the lesson.（你最好復(fù)習(xí)這一課。）shall/ will/ would+原形動(dòng)詞。如：They should hav

23、e been there once.（他們應(yīng)該去過(guò)那兒。）be+現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀(jì)70年代大批樹(shù)木被砍伐。）have+過(guò)去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）一般時(shí)問(wèn)句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動(dòng)詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過(guò)的不好。）/ Did any of

24、 you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)見(jiàn)過(guò)恐龍蛋嗎？）行為動(dòng)詞1+行為動(dòng)詞2 (不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個(gè)獸醫(yī)。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自愛(ài)是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：圣誕快樂(lè)！）/ The

25、 kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國(guó)王讓人給他們自己修建堅(jiān)固的墳?zāi)埂＃?(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須在此之前加連系動(dòng)詞。(5)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：is,was,has,does以及“動(dòng)詞+s”；復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：are,were,have以及動(dòng)詞原形。其他動(dòng)詞不分單、復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(是)動(dòng)詞；現(xiàn)在某些時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞beam (單一);   are (單二); &

26、#160;  is (單三); are一般過(guò)去時(shí)be(是)動(dòng)詞；過(guò)去某些時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞bewas (單一); were (單二); was;(單三)were一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)have(有)動(dòng)詞；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞havehave (單一); have (單二); has (單三);have一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞dodo (單一、單二); does (單三)do實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞（否定和疑問(wèn)句除外）原形動(dòng)詞(單一、單二);     動(dòng)詞+s /es (單三)原形動(dòng)詞其他各時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同記住：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)必須

27、保持一致。（參見(jiàn)“4、名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和謂語(yǔ)之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對(duì)于我們大家是必不可少的。)(6)一般問(wèn)句和反意問(wèn)句的回答不使用行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該使用“是”動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isnt it? -Yes, it is.(奧運(yùn)會(huì)每?jī)赡昱e辦一次,是嗎？-是的。)3、賓語(yǔ)：(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、(賓語(yǔ))從句充當(dāng),表示動(dòng)作的承受者是“誰(shuí)”或

28、者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個(gè)天使同樣來(lái)到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當(dāng)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說(shuō)公司付不起他那么多的錢。)(不定式作賓語(yǔ)) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們?nèi)绱讼矏?ài)看足球

29、以至于常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) / I think to be a childrens doctor is very rewarding.(我認(rèn)為當(dāng)個(gè)兒童醫(yī)生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語(yǔ)) (2) 只有及物動(dòng)詞或介詞才有賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動(dòng)詞后面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動(dòng)詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽(tīng)到什么令人興奮的消息嗎？) (3) 賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問(wèn)句中,如果賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞,則賓語(yǔ)要放在句首。介詞的賓

30、語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見(jiàn)了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫的信？)(4)“動(dòng)詞+副詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動(dòng)”“副”之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) / Please put away the shoes. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) / Please put them away. (請(qǐng)把它們收起來(lái)。)(5)

31、 動(dòng)詞后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：      動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動(dòng)詞是make, buy, borrow時(shí),介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請(qǐng)給我做個(gè)風(fēng)箏。)或Please make a kite for me.(6) 在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句,則常用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將實(shí)際的賓語(yǔ)移到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面去。如：I fou

32、nd the job rather difficult. (我發(fā)覺(jué)這個(gè)工作相當(dāng)難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.(7) 賓語(yǔ)可以由從句充當(dāng),詳見(jiàn)“賓語(yǔ)從句”。4、表語(yǔ)：(1) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業(yè)他當(dāng)上了醫(yī)生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eatin

33、g anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因?yàn)樗昧酥馗忻啊? / Who is it?(誰(shuí)呀？)(2) 表語(yǔ)只能放在連系動(dòng)詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的句子除外。(3) 代詞做表語(yǔ)一般用主格,口語(yǔ)中常用賓。如：Its I. (Its me.)是我。(4) 只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry

34、 for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請(qǐng)不要發(fā)出響動(dòng),嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對(duì)獨(dú)坐孤舟無(wú)所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才這樣想的。)(5) 表語(yǔ)也可以由從句充當(dāng),詳見(jiàn)“表語(yǔ)從句”。5、定語(yǔ)：(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、

35、指示、疑問(wèn)、不定)、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式(短語(yǔ))充當(dāng),在初三階段還學(xué)習(xí)了定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ)的知識(shí)。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國(guó)和瑞士是歐洲國(guó)家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學(xué)教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)(2) 單詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在被修飾的名

36、詞前面,而且有一定的次序：冠詞/物代年齡/形狀/大小/溫度色彩來(lái)源質(zhì)地/材料目的/用途被修飾的名詞(中心詞)athemyhisold,young,red,yellow,blue,Chinese,English, American,wooden,woolen,glass,silk,papermeeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,box,shoes,room,piglong,short,round, squarebig, large,small, littlehot, cold, warm, cool   (3) 時(shí)間副詞(now,the

37、n,today,yesterday,.)、地點(diǎn)副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,.作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在被修飾的名詞后面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)(4) 介詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)只能放在名詞的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)(5) 形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)(6) 定語(yǔ)還可以用從句充當(dāng),詳見(jiàn) 定語(yǔ)從句。(7) 注意：由于定語(yǔ)屬于修飾性的成分,因此它常歸