1、新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納Unit 1 What' s the matter?重點短語：have a stomachachetake one ' s temperature to one ' s surprise be used to cut offkeep on ( doing sth.語言知識歸納：have a cold have a fever agree to (do sth.) take risks get out of give uplie downgo to a doctor get into trouble run out (of) be in c

2、ontrol of1. What ' s the matter (with you)?此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有:What' s wrong with you?/ What ' s the trouble?matter作動詞用，意為 要緊”有關系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句 What does it matter? It doesn ' t matter.【例題】Does it if we can ' t finish it today?A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters2. I have a sore

3、throat.have患病”，常用“have a /an銘詞”.have a coldhave a feverhave a sore backhave a stomachachehave a cough【例題】( )-Does he often have cold? -Yes. He also a cough and a sorethroat.A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have3. Lie down and rest!躺下休息 lie down 躺下單詞詞義過去式過去分詞現在分詞lie說謊liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainly

4、ing4. That' s probably whyiB可能就是原因。probably意為 很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v.使受傷；傷害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell.他摔傷的時候傷了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn ' t ask me t砒he布arty.參加聚會使我很傷心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交車司機，24 歲的王平24-year-old是用連字符連接數字和名詞所構成的一個形容詞結構，意思是“2

5、核的'(名詞必須用單數，常用在名詞前做定語)【例題】 A girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father.A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old7. expect vt.期待；預期；期盼expect的常見用法：expect+名詞/代詞The old man is expecting hisdaughter visit.expect to do sth.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad.expect

6、 sb. to do sth.Do you expect him to teach you English?expect + 從旬I expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】expect與 look forward to兩者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.I ' m 1001kg forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃驚的是 to one ' s surprised 泠人驚奇的是 ”，相當于 主語+be+surprised ”To his su

7、rprise, he found the girl was bind.=He was surprised to find the girl was blind.令他驚奇的是，他發現這個女孩是個盲人。【拓展】in surprise表示驚奇的”，相當于副詞性短語，用來修飾動詞。The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那兩個女孩驚奇地互相看著。be surprised a誄示 對感到驚訝”。We are very surprised at the news.聽至U這個消息，我們彳艮詫異。surprising表示使人驚奇的”，作表語時，主語是事物。

8、9. They don ' t want any trouble.們不想惹麻煩。trouble用作名詞，意為 煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾病等His life is full of trouble.他的生活充滿了 煩惱。What' s the trouble戀么了 ？trouble用作動詞，意為 麻煩，打擾”。I ' m sorry to trouble youjfi歉打擾你。【拓展】與trouble相關的短語in trouble處于困境中get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難【例題】-How is your

9、 English study? -Not bad. But I learning English grammar.A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10.辨析 used to do sth. 與 be used to sth. / doing sth.過去常常習慣于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing ha

10、rd work.11. 辨析 run out 與 run out of人 + run out ofThey have run out of the water.物 + run out (不可用于被動語態)The money is running out.【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項()Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of12. make decisions = make a dec

11、ision作出決定decision為decide的名詞形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. be in control of 管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重點語法：情態動詞should的用法(1) should后接動詞原形，變否定句在 should后加not,變一般疑問句時將should提前。(2) should常用于以下兩種情況：提出建議You looked tired. You should lie down and rest.表推測，意為該，按理應當Wa

12、it a minute. I think he should come in a minute.Unit 2 U ll help to clean up the city parks.重點短語:by oneselfgive out give away make a differencecheer up put on take after care forclean upput offused toset upcome up with語言知識歸納：1 . give out分發，發放【拓展】give構成的短語還有:give away贈給，贈送give up放棄give in屈服，投降give of

13、f發出(氣味、光、熱等)2 .come up with 提出，想出(1)表示想出或提出"，相當于think ofI think she can come up with a good idea(2)come up with還可表示 趕上“相當于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them【例題】()We must a plan to improve your math.A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up3. I 'run out of

14、it.我已經把它用完了。run out of表示 用完，用光”，其主語一般是人。【拓展】run out of還可表示 從跑出來”。Bill ran out of the room. Bill 從房間里跑出來。run構成的短語還有run away 逃走run after 追趕run into difficulties 遇到困難【例題】( )When your money, please come to me for some.A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out4. I take after my mother

15、我長得像我媽媽。【辨析】take after 與 look liketake after意為長得像，行為、性格等像”尤其是像自己的長輩。The boy takes after his father.這個男孩長得像他爸爸。look like可以用于所有場合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher.這個男的看起來像我們的老師。The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座橋。take place【拓展】take構成的短語take uptake offtake one ' s timetake car

16、e【例題】( )-You' ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I my mother.A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for5. set up創辦，建立set up為副詞短語，與 start, establish同義They' ve set up a company.們創辦了一家公司。與set相關的短語還有：set out動身，開始(做某事)set off出發，引起，激發6. You helped to make it possible for me to h

17、ave lucky. 對我來說, 有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有Lucky.it是形式賓語You made it possible for me to catch up with others.你讓我有可能趕上其他人。【例題】()He found hard to go to sleep with the light on.A. it B. that C. he D. him7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Lucky 對我的生活產生了很大的影響。make a big difference意為 對產生很大的影響"，difference在

18、此為 影響”的意思。【例題】( )The heavy snow didn ' t the international airlines.A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to8. imagine v.想象，假想；以為,認為imagine (v.想象) imagination (n.想象) imaginative (adj.富于想象力的)9. help. out幫克服困難，幫分擔工作The teacher often helps his students out那位老師經常幫他的學生解決問題。10.

19、 be excited about.對興奮I ' m excited about the game of Li N我對李娜的比賽感到興奮。 exciting修飾物 重點語法：動詞短語動詞短語主要有以下四種構成形式：動詞+介詞這類動詞短語主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen tor0 這類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。I ' m looking for my pen.Don' t laugh at the poor man.(2)動詞+副詞這類

20、動詞短語有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。這類動詞后面的賓語是名詞時，名詞可放在副詞前面或后面；賓語是代詞時，代詞只能放在 副詞前面。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3)動詞+名詞+介詞這類動詞短語有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look

21、 forward to在這類動詞短語中，賓語都放在介詞之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4)動詞+形容詞+介詞這類動詞短語有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等。【例題】(1) ( ) When you don ' t know a word, you can in thetionary.A. look it up B. set it up C. give it

22、up D. pick it up(2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous its sea food.A. of B. to C. for D.asUnit 3重點短語：take out the rubbish borrow some money a waste of time take care of as a resultCould you please clean your room?make the bedhelp with housework in order toin surpriseall the

23、time hang out with.as.as.do the dishes語言知識歸納：1. work on 從事于；著手干The writer is working on a new book.那位作家正在寫一本新書。She is going to work on her physics project.她打算從事她的物理項目。【例題】（ ）The scientists are inventing some methods of producing electricity.A. working on B. working out C. working at D. working for2.

24、 at least 至少at least修飾時間、距離、長度等，以加強語氣。 翻譯短語位at most意為至多，最多”。He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；總是Things are changing all the time 事情一直在變化。【拓展】time相關的短語on time 準時at the same timeR）時in time 及時From time to time 偶爾 the first time 第一次【例題】選出能代替句中劃線

25、部分的一項。（）I always go shopping on Friday.A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way5. I ' m just as tired as you are!和你樣累。as.as意為 和一樣”表示同級比較。as.as中間要用形容詞或副詞原級。This story is as interesting as that one 這個故事和那個一樣有趣。否定式為not as/so.asB為 不如The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例題

26、】（ ）He speaks French well, but of course not a person born in France.A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did廿個星期，她不做家務，我也不做家so,neither倒裝句型S So +助動詞/ be動詞/情態動詞+主語（Neither +助動詞/ be動詞/情態動詞+主語這兩種結構常用來說明前面所說的情況，后面某人（物

27、）也是這樣。助動詞 / be動詞/情態動詞 在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復形式由后句的主語決定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.Lily isn ' t a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例題】（）-I never drink coffee. -.A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I7. 辨析 borrow 與 lendborrow sth. from sb.向某人借（入）某物 lend sth

28、. to sb. / lend sb. sth.把某物借給某人【注】borrow,lend都是非延續性動詞，如果要表示借多長時間”要用keepo【例題】（ ）Although you like the book, you may only it for two weeks.A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay8. spendv.花費（金錢；時間） spend +錢/時間+ on sth. 在上花費時間或金錢spend +時間+（ in） doing sth.花時間做某事【例題】（ ）Yang Feng every Saturday afternoon volunt

29、eering in an old peopleA. costs B. takes C. pays D. spendsprovide sth.* provide sb. with vide sth. for sb.9. provide v.提供；給予The restaurant provide the best service.The parents provide the children with food and clothes.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.'t free plastic

30、bags to shoppers【例題】（）To protect the environment, supermarkets donA. take B. show C. provide D. carry10. depend on依靠；依賴；相信depend on為固定短語，不能用進行時態，也不可用被動語態As we know, good results depend on hard work.You can' t depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better

31、 it is for their future孩子越早學會獨立，對他們 的將來就越好。the +比較級.，the +比較級. 越就越”The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.【例題】（ ）-There was thick haze零霾）in our city this spring. What do you think of it ?-I think cars we drive,pollution our city will have.A. the fewer; the fewerB. the few

32、er; the lessC. The more; the fewerD. the more; the less11. in order to 的用法（1） in order to意為 為了”，強調目的，后接動詞原形。In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly.We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.（2）含in order to的句子可以轉變為由so that或in or

33、der that引導的狀語從句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a result于引出結果，常用于兩個句子之間，其中一個是另一個的結果，且前后用標點符號將兩個句子隔開，意為 結果是 OHe didn ' t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn

34、9; t work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of的意思是 由于，因為"， 相當于because ofPeter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain.【例題】（）The boy studied hard. , he passed the exam.A. la fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result重點短語：look through cut outa big dea

35、l communicate with instead ofUnit 4 Why doH t you talk to your parents?work out compare.with so that not.until.get on within one s opinion get into a fightcall sb. up語言知識歸納：1. Why don ' t you talk to your parents?Why don' t you do sth尸 Why not do sth為什么不 “？”【拓展】提出建議的句型 What/How about doing s

36、th.?做某事怎么樣？Shall we do sth.?我們做某事好嗎？You' d better（not） do st的最好（不）做某事。Why don' t you do sth.為什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事嗎？2. allow v.允許，許可allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.allow doing sth.允許做某事”Shedoesn' t allow smoking in her

37、 house.allow+名詞We can' t allow such a thing.【例題】（）Do you often allow until 11:00 p.m.A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up3. work out產生效果，進展 Things worked out quite well for us.對我們來說，事情進展很好。He worked out the maths problem.他算出了這道數學題。Can you work out the problem alone?你一個人能把問題搞清楚嗎？

38、4. communicatev.交流信息； 溝通I can ' t communicate with them at the moment亥U我無法同他們進行交流。communication n.交流People can ' t get onl weth each other without communication.沒有交流， 人們就無法相處得好。 【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。（ ）People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A. write B. read C.agree D. comm

39、unicate5. arguevi.爭論；爭吵argue with sb.與某人爭論Don' t argue with your parents要和你的父母爭論。argue的名詞形式是 "argument ” , have an argument withs®人辯論。Alice hand an argument with her best friend.【例題】（）I never argue my parents.A.in B.to C.for D.with6. insteadadv.代替，頂替If you are busy, you may come anothe

40、r day instead.【辨析】instead 與 instead ofinstead副詞舍前取后，可單獨使用，位于旬首或旬末。instead of介詞短語舍后取前，后面常跟名詞，代詞及動詞 ing0He didn ' t answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例題】（）What a nice day! We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B. instead of C.together with

41、 D.out7. offer v.提供；提出；建議offer做提供”講時，可接雙賓語。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man尸 The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.offer還有 提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主動提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例題】（）The little boy his seat to an old lady o

42、n the crowded bus.A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought8. And they are always comparing them with other pare作動詞，意為 比較，和相比”。 compare.with.把同相比較Parents shouldn ' t always compare their children with others.父母們不該總是把自己的孩子同別人相比較。 compare.to.把比作People often compare the life to a stage 人們常把

43、生活比作一個舞臺。【例題】（ ）My handwriting can not be compared my father' s.A. to B. with C. on D.for11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them.return意為歸還”，其后可接雙賓語return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.Don' t forget to return me the keys.return還有 返回”的意思，相當于go back,后接地點時需要介詞to。He returned to Sha

44、nghai a week ago.【例題】那本書你還給圖書館了嗎？Did you the book the library?（ ）I don ' t know when we will Hong Kong.A. return back B. return to C. return back to D.returnUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?重點短語：go offdie downtake downin a messbasketball competition語言知識歸納：1. while當的時候作連詞引導時間狀語從

45、句，在句中的動作或狀態同時發生。pick upmake one' s way at firstthe rest ofas wellfall asleep in silence wait for have meaning to make surewhile引導的從句中，其謂語動詞只能是延續性動詞，強調主從While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.when意為 當時”，動作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I heard someone singing.while作連詞時也可理解為 然而”，表示

46、轉折關系。I like apples while my sister doesn' t.【例題】（ ）Tom likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast.A.until B.while C.because D.though（ ）Mary was talking on the phone someone knocked at the door.A.while B.before C.when D.after2. make sure查明；確信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure

47、 that + 從旬【例題】( )Read your English paper again and there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get意為 到達”時，是不及物動詞，后面跟地點名詞時，要加介詞to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket ?表示 到達”的三種形式：arrive意為到達f at +小地

48、點arrive in + 大地點get to后接地點名詞。He got to school at 7:00 this morning.reach意為到達”，是及物動詞，后面直接跟地點名詞。When did you reach America?【例題】()Please write to me as soon as you your school.A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come( )-When did your aunt in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon.A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come4. Peo

49、ple often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.hear動詞，意為 聽說”。常用結構為：hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.聽見某人正在做某事hear of/about sb. /sth.聽說某人或某事hear from sb.收到某人的來信 hear + that從句 聽說【例題】( )Tom likes to others but he never writes to them.A.hear B.h

50、ear of C.hear about D.hear from( )-When did you the news? -Just now.A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing5. I played the songwithout any mistakes.without介詞，意為無；沒有”，其反義詞為with,后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing。 Fish can ' t live without water.He went to work without having breakfast.【例題】她沒敲門就進了房間。She entered the

51、 room at the door.你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎?Can you see clearly yourUnit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.重點短語：a little bitinstead oonce upon a timefall in loveget marriedas soon asinstead ofgive birth tobe o語言知識歸納：2. try的用法 try to do sth.盡力做某事He is trying to learn English. try doin

52、g sth. 試著做某事You should try taking more exercise. try one ' s be#力I ' ll try my best to help him. try on 試穿 Would you like to try this dress on?2. remind vt.使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth.使某人想起某事 The song remind me of my childhood. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 Peter reminded her to attend th

53、e meeting on time.4. What do you think of .? 你認為怎么樣？What do you think of .? = How do you like.?注：think后接動名詞，like后接帶to的不定式如： What do you think of going climbing tomorrow?=How do you like to go climbing tomorrow?你認為明天去爬山怎么樣？【例題】（）-do you think of the football match?-It ' s perfect. It ' s more

54、 exciting than match that I have ever watched.A. How; any otherB. How; any othersC. What; any otherD. What; any others5. Neither of you is wrong.你們兩個都沒錯。neither兩者都不；也不e.g. Neither of the ideas is good.I like neither subject.neither作連詞，表示 既不也不”，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要遵循就近原則。e.g. Neither you nor he is in this t

55、eam.Neither he nor I am a teacher.【例題】（）-Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walk man?-. I prefer a computer.A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither5. unless的用法unless的意思是 除非，如果不"，相當于if not,用來引導條件狀語從句。主句同常用將來時， 從句用一般現在時。e.g. You will miss the early bus unless you get up early.We won t go to the c

56、inema tomorrow unless my mother does.【例題】（ ）We can ' t be successful we keep working hard.A.if B.unless C.because D.when6. so.that如此以至于6.1. .that.可以轉化為簡單句，要用too.to.或not.enough to.句型時，not后要用原句中的形容 詞或副詞的反義詞。She is so young that she can ' t look after herself.=She is too young to look after herself.=She is not old enough to look after herself.【例題】（）-You study hard you ' re sure to pass the exam.-Thank you for saying so.A.enough; to B.as;as C.so; that7. as soon as一就as soon as為連詞，引導時間狀語從句當主句是一般將來時或祈使句時，從句通常用一般現在時，簡稱主將從現”。e.g. I ' ll tell h