1、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？試比較：試比較：We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s謂謂v v謂謂v v賓賓o o賓賓o o賓語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) 。主主s s謂謂v v賓賓o o簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：(1) that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I hope (that) it will snow this winter.(2) whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 Im not sure if he will come.(3)

2、疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I want to know what he will do next.例如：例如：I hope (that) it will snow this winter.Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.I know (that) he is friendly.注：注：that沒(méi)有任何詞匯含義，只有語(yǔ)法功沒(méi)有任何詞匯含義，只有語(yǔ)法功能，目的是使讀者清楚后面的句子是賓語(yǔ)能，目的是使讀者清楚后面的句子是賓語(yǔ)從句。多數(shù)情況下從句。多數(shù)情況下that可以省略。可以省略。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知

3、道、說(shuō)”時(shí)，(如： say, think, believe, expect, hope, wish，know， see, feel, remember, forget等）其后面的句子一般用that引導(dǎo)。（一）引導(dǎo)詞（一）引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. 當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句是是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句可可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。 2.2.當(dāng)當(dāng)主

4、句主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)時(shí), ,賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句通常也通常也要用要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）I hear (that)Jim went to work an hour ago.he is interested in English. she will come tomorrow .Tom has been to London twice .He will go to Hong Kong .He is sick.He is reading a book . He h

5、as finished his work.He said（that）he had finished his work.he would go to Hong Kong .he was sick.he was reading a book . 3.3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)象、名言警句等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍用態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 He told me the earth around the sun. （move）movesSummer is after Spr

6、ing .He told me (that)the sun rises in the east.The teacher told us (that)賓語(yǔ)從句三要素賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞thatthat( (陳述句陳述句) ) ififwhetherwhether( (一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句) ) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞( (特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句) )時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為陳述句語(yǔ)序陳

7、述句語(yǔ)序客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示否定意義時(shí)，且主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱且當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示否定意義時(shí)，且主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think /believe /suppose /imaginethink /believe /suppose /imagine等時(shí)，等時(shí)，一般將否定詞一般將否定詞notnot轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)中, ,這就叫做這就叫做“否定否定轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)移”。誤：誤：I think he wont come.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)。我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)。正：正：I dont think he will come.注意：上述情況變成反意義疑問(wèn)句

8、時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句要看從注意：上述情況變成反意義疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句要看從句，如果主句的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，則附加問(wèn)句要看主句，如果主句的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，則附加問(wèn)句要看主句。試比較：句。試比較：I think he is wrong, isnt he?He thinks he is wrong, dont he？Complete the sentences. （1）Sally said, “Its very quiet!” Sally said _.（2）Sally said, “No one is shouting.” Sally said _.（3）Lingling said, “The air

9、is very clear today.”Lingling said _. that no one was shoutingthat the air was very clear that daythat it was very quiet賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose，expect等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的謂

10、語(yǔ)動(dòng)同主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)同 think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般從句的否定詞一般 要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she

11、/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的詞如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的詞, 其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與主句保持一致。問(wèn)句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You

12、 thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣：賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣： 賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞；賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞； 主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制； 主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)； 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問(wèn)句用引，一般疑

13、問(wèn)句用if/whether, 特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。(4) Daming said, “Everyone is cheering now.”Daming said _.that everyone was cheering then(5)Tony said, “Its very noisy here!”Tony said _.that it was very noisy there賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。定。 2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相

14、應(yīng)的過(guò)去的主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前則從句時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例例:1 ) She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2) She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3) She says that she has finished her homework already:She said th