1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天氣與自然 話說中考 隨著社會經濟的快速發展，社會和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環境很快就成為人們關注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點，這樣才能對問題進一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。 解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對所給信息進行歸納整合 走進中考(湖北襄樊·2010) Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)They can happen any time of a day，at any point

2、during the yearWhen an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do Do NOT go outsideYou could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildingsIf you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線) Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furnitureHold on to itOr

3、 stay in a corner of the buildingCover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothingStay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt

4、youMost people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself Also keep away from a fireYou could fall down and burn yourself on the fire If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safeStay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don&#

5、39;t drive near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or treesThese could fall and hurt you 閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1It isn't safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening Arun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Ccover your head with your arms Dcover your mouth with a tow

6、el ( ) 2From this passage，we know _ Amany people fear earthquakes Bearthquakes maybe happen at any time Cwe can't save ourselves in an earthquake Dpeople never get injured in earthquakes ( ) 3The best title for this passage should be "_" AHow Earthquakes Happen BHow to Drive a Car CWha

7、t We Should Do in Earthquakes DWhy Earthquakes Happen 解析 1A BCD 三項在第三段可找到答案；根據第二段內容可知 A 項的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。 2B 根據第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時會發生，故 B 項為正確答案。 3C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發生地震時，我們應該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。 話題專練一 Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earthWhen some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthq

8、uake happensMany earthquakes begin under the seaThey often happen near the mountains，too During an earthquake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(斷裂) openHouses fall，people are killed or hurt，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed Can we do something to keep oursel

9、ves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the "earthquake belts"In areas in these belts，it's possible for earthquakes to happenIn these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes In the future，scientists will be able to

10、 tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happenThey can also tell people what to do and how to do it 根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1The reason for an earthquake is _ Athat there are so many plates on the earth Bthat the sea is too deep Crocks' cracking open ( ) 2A lot of earthquakes often hap

11、pens _ Ain the area Bnext to mountains Cat night ( ) 3A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people _ Awhat kind of houses to build Bwhat kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake Cwhere earthquake may happen ( ) 4Which is Not True according to the passage? ADuring an earthquake people are k

12、illed or hurt BThe scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is now Cwe should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes ( ) 5In the future，we'll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes _ Awith the help of scientists' exact prediction Bbecause of a map showing the "earthquak

13、e belts"Cbecause we can guess the date and place of earthquakes答案：1A 根據文章第一段中“When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens"可知，地球是由許多板塊構成的，板塊的移動產生了地震，所以根源在板塊。2B 根據短文第一段內容可知，地震常發生在山脈附近。3C 根據短文第三段內容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發生地震。4B 根據短文最后一段內容可知，專家預測將來能判定地震發生的時間和地點，而不是現在。5A 根據短文最后一段內容

14、可以推測出專家能預測地震發生的時間和地點，所以我們不必擔心將來發生地震。二 Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house Greenhouses are used to grow plants，especially in winterGreenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun，the glass panels(板) of the greenhouse let light in，but keep heat from escapingT

15、his causes the greenhouse to heat up，much like the inside of the parked in sunlight，and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter The earth's atmosphere(大氣) is all around usIt is the air that we breatheGreenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouseSunli

16、ght enters the Earth's atmosphere，passing through the blanket of greenhouse gasesAs it reaches the Earth's surface，land，water，and biosphere(生物圈)，they take up the sunlight's energyOnce the heat is taken up，this energy is sent back into the atmosphereSome of the energy passes back into spa

17、ce，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up The greenhouse effect is importantWithout the greenhouse effect，the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to liveBut if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger，it could make the earth warmer t

18、han usualEven a little extra warming may bring problems to humans，plants，and animals 根據短文內容，回答下列問題。 1What are greenhouses used for? _ 2Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside? _ 3What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse? _ 4If we didn't have the greenhous

19、e effect，what would happen? _ 5What does the article mainly tell us?_答案：1They are used for growing plants答案來自第二段的第一句。2根據短文第二段中溫室效應的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels of the greenhouse can let light in，and keep heat from escaping3根據短文第三段的“much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhous

20、e gases”可知，溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用，即答案是 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere4根據最后一段內容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應，人類就不能生存，即答案為 Humans couldn't live because the earth would not be warm enough5根據全文內容可知，主要是溫室效應及對人類的影響，所以答案為 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its influence三 No one can change the weathe

21、rBut if read the signs correctly around us，we can know how the weather will beThis way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecastingFor many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecastingRings

22、around the sun are a sign of coming rainMany people feel in their bones the coming of wet weatherTheir joints(關節) acheSome birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the wayIt is probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly lo

23、wIf you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fineSuch rainbows come in the eveningIf the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continueIf a fog appears in the evening just above a river，then the day will be warmIf the sunset is most

24、ly red in color，then the morning，rainy weather will probably comeMost of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting 根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1People's joints ache _ Ais a sign of coming rain Bbecause they are ill Cwithout any reason D

25、because of the insects ( ) 2Which is true about weather forecasting? AWeather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day or two BWeather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like CPeople can change the weather forecasting DWeather forecasting is a sign of comi

26、ng rain ( ) 3The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will _ Abe rainy Bbe warm Ccontinue clear and fine Dbe cold ( ) 4A rainbow during rainy weather is a _ of the fine weather Asign Bway Cmethod Droad ( ) 5We must _ to make weather forecasting Ause our eyes and br

27、ains Bstudy the weather hard Cread the weather hardDall of the above答案：1A 根據短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather可知，人們的一些關節疼痛是雨天來臨的標志。2B 根據短文內容可知，天氣預報是對未來幾天的預測；不是對天氣的報道，也不是雨天的標志，即排除 A、D；根據短文第一句可知“人們更不能改變天氣”排除 C，所以答案是 B。3C 根據短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming

28、，和 If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue可知，鳥兒飛的高和夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。4A 根據短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標志。5D 從整篇文章來看，對天氣的了解不僅靠人們的眼睛和大腦，還要繼續多觀察和研究，所以選 D。四 "Green" is more

29、than just a colorIt also means taking special steps to protect the environment the water，the land，and the air we breatheWhat can you do? Here's one of the guides to being green： Sometimes people call our society a "throwaway society"That means that we're a little willing to throw a

30、way old things and buy new thingsMany times，even if you no longer need something，someone else just mightFor example，if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid? Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have： Use

31、 rechargeable(可再充電的) batteries for your laptops，MP3 players，cell phones，and digital cameras Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable(一次性的) paper or plastic cups Take your own bags when you go to the grocery store Drink tap water instead of buying bottled waterIf you don't like how your

32、tap water tastes，a low-cost filtration(過濾) system could make a differenceGet a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you Organize an exchange among your friendsWhat can you exchange? Books，toys，even clothesIt's a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and withou

33、t throwing lots of things away 根據短文內容，完成句子。 1Green is not only a color but also means _ 2If your brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop，you can _ 3You should _ instead of disposable paper or plastic cups 4You can exchange _ with your friends5The article mainly tells us _答案：1根據短文第一段內容可知

34、，綠色不僅是一種顏色，還是環保的一種標志，即答案為 taking special steps to protect the environment。2根據短文中“if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送給別的小孩子，即答案為 give if to another family who has a little kid。3根據短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個人專

35、用杯來代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。4根據短文最后一段內容可知，可交換的東西有 books，toys，and clothes。5通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環保，所以答案是 how to protect our environment in our lives。五 There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earthChoose ideas from the list or come up with a few o

36、f your own Plant flowers，grass or trees Whenever you visit a park or a beach，take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin Turn off the lights，TV sets when you leave a roomThis saves a lot of electricity Turn off the tap when you brush your teethYou can

37、 save some water by not letting it runAlso，use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away Give your clothes to poor children instead of thr

38、owing them away Use both sides of paper Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth If everyone makes contribution to protect the environment，the world will become much more beautiful 根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1F

39、rom the above，we know that the passage is _ Aan ad Ba proposal(建議) Ca sign Da notice ( ) 2The writer mainly tells us _ Ato pour dirty water into the rivers Bto throw rubbish into a dustbin Cto save water by turning on the tap while brushing our teeth Dthat we can't do all these things every day

40、( ) 3We can _ to save paper Ause both sides of paper Bpick up waste paper at school Cuse a paper cup Dgive old toys to poor children ( ) 4Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer? ATurn off the lights when you leave a room BClose the doors and windows in winter CUse a paper cup when y

41、ou brush your teeth DGive your old clothes to the poor children ( ) 5The title of this passage is _ ASave Water and Electricity BProtect the Earth CMake Better Use of Old ThingsDSave Money答案：1B 根據短文內容可知這是一則倡議書。2B 由“.you can put it into a dustbin”可知答案。3A 由第八條建議可知答案是 use both sides of paper。4C 由第四條建議

42、use a glass or cup instead of a paper one 可知，答案是 C。5B 根據短文大意可知是談論保護地球。六 How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any chance for us to live without them? What can we do to have less plastic pollution? A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in o

43、ur lives In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou，five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowdThe performance called on people to use more cloth bags instead of plastic ones Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers(顧客) in two food

44、markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school On that day，when leaving the food markets，customers were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bagsSeveral hundred plastic bags were collected in two hours "If we do nothing about it，the earth will be eaten u

45、p by white pollutionAnd humans will become 'plastic men'，" said one of the performers "How can you breathe in so many plastic bags?" A middle-aged woman asked one performer"How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags?" the performer answered Starting

46、 from June last year，plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets，shopping malls or food markets all over the country People are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping 根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1Since June last year people should _ plastic bags all over the country Apay for Bget Cu

47、se as many as Dstop using ( ) 2A performance took place in _ Aa supermarket Ba plastic bag shop CHangzhou Da school ( ) 3 Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around? They wanted _ Ato ask people to overuse plastics Bto invite people to go to the supermarket Cto give people more b

48、ags Dto persuade people not to use plastic bags ( ) 4If we don't do something against the pollution，humans _ Awill be polluted Bwill become "plastic men" Cwon't be comfortable Dwill be plastic ones ( ) 5The main idea of this passage is about _ pollutionAwhite Bair Cwater Dlight答案：1

49、A 文章中講到自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起，為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。2C 根據文章第一段最后一句“A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives”可知，這個演出活動在杭州舉行。3D 根據文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號召人們用布袋代替塑料袋。4B 根據笫五段主要介紹如果我們人類再不做些事情制止白色污染，那么地球有一天會被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也會被污染成 plastic men。5A 由短文內容可知文章主旨

50、是有關白色污染的。七 "What would you do if you were the mayor(市長) of your city?" We asked some students from different citiesHere are what they said： Deng Chuan，15，from Dazhou With the development of modern industry(工業)，more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe RiverIt has caused ser

51、ious pollutionThe river is becoming so dirty that few living things can live in itSo，if I were the mayor，I would order all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close downAs we all know，water is the source(根源) of our livesIt is very important to protect water Zhang Yan，14，from Ch

52、engdu Our city is more and more beautifulBut sometimes it's not convenient for the blindThere are not enough pavements(人行道) in our citySome of the old ones are brokenThey may not be safe to walk on! If I were the mayor of our city，I would build more pavements for the blind Wang Lili，16，from Chon

53、gqing There are more and more old people in our cityAnd there are not enough places for them to relax and enjoy themselvesSo，if I were the mayor，I would build an activity center in each residential(住宅) area for the oldSo old people can play cards or chessThis will make old people not feel lonely any

54、 more and spend remaining years comfortably 根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1What does Deng Chuan care for? Awater pollution BAir pollution CPavements for the blind DActivity centers for the old ( ) 2Who's the youngest of the three students? ADeng Chuan BZhang Yan CWang Lili DI don't know ( ) 3What does the underlined word "convenient" mean in Chinese? A方便的 B簡單的 C便宜的 D具有吸引力的 ( ) 4Where is Wang Lili from? ADazhou BChengdu CChongqing DZhouhe ( ) 5Which of the following