1、句子成分及基本句型句子成分由詞或詞組充當英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）謂語（predicate）表語（predicative）賓語（object）、定語（attribute）狀語（adverbial）補語 （ complement） ,英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、 組合、 省略或倒裝。一：S V （主 + 謂）二：S V P（主+系+表）三：S V O（主+謂+賓）四：SVoO（主+謂+間賓+宜賓）五：SVOC（主+謂+賓+賓補）基本句型一：S V （主+謂）主語： 1. 主語 :是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人 ” ，“ 什么事” 可以作主語的

2、成分有名詞， 主格代詞， 動詞不定式， 動 名詞 ,從句等等。主語一般在句首。劃出下列句中的主語。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2 What he said is right.3 .To learn a foreign language is not easy.4 .Playing football after school is great fun.謂語：謂語由動詞構成，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結構 .劃分下列句子成分1 We study hard.2. The sun was shining. 3The pen writes smooth

3、ly4 What he said does not matter.5 . They waited several hours to see their favourite stars.基本句型二：主語+及物動詞+賓語及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者（賓語 ）, 才可以表達一個完整的意思。 做賓語的可以是名詞、 代詞、 不定式等。 劃出下列句中的賓語：Mary enjoys music.He loves her.I don t know what to do.The old man enjoys living in the countryside. 。I don t think he s rig

4、ht.We can t afford to pay such a price.We have decided when to set off.基本句型三：主語+ 系動詞+表語該句型中 , 謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思 , 必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語, 才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞有：1 . 系動詞be。2 .表感官的系動詞。如 look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appe嘛3 .表變化的系動詞。如 become, get, turn, grow ,come, go, fall, ru存。4 .表持續的系動詞。

5、如 remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hol繇。作表語的有名詞、形容詞、 介詞短語等。下列句中什么結構作表語？He is a boy. The book is hers. His dream came true. John is in good health. We were excited at the good news.The book is boring. That s where we differ.The reason for my failure was that I hadn' t put my hearfinto my stu

6、dy.本句型四 : 主語 +及物動詞+ 間賓 +直賓該句型中的謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。 一個是表示人的間接賓語； 一個是表示物的直接賓語。 間接賓語一般在前面,直接賓語在后面。如：劃分句子成分Tom left Mary a message. This will save you much time.Mother s love gives us encouragement and power.I have warned him that it is not allowed.有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調 , 這時 , 間接賓語前應加上介詞 to,for 或 of。He off

7、ered a job to her.He ordered some food for the two of them.基本句型五: 主語 +及物動詞+賓語 +賓補本句型中的動詞雖然是及物動詞 , 但是只跟賓語還不能表達完整的意思 , 必須加上一個補充成分, 如形容詞、名詞、副詞（僅限少數幾個） 、動詞不定式、分詞來補充說明賓語, 才能表達一個完整的意思。賓語和賓語補足語在意義有一種邏輯關系。劃分下列句子成分并找出補語結構。We elected Li Yang our monitor.The news made us sad.The teacher ask the students to clo

8、se the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.He put his books in order.He found it difficult to satisfy their needs.You must make yourself respected.He always has others wait for him. 練習 I 判斷下面的句子是哪種句型1 . They found the house deserted.2 What could make her happy?3 . I told her a very funny sto

9、ry.4 She couldn t help laughing.5 We found the great hall full of students and teacherslistening to an important report.6 The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks.7 Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home.8 The themes of the story are to do with children growing up.9 Everyone agre

10、es we must be careful about the environment.10 It s wasteful to throw away glass, paper and metal.11 Jamie persuaded them to try his cooking.12 Do you intend to stay in China for long?13 For the next 10 days ,every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold.14 .Professor Stevenson explained t

11、o the students that the milu deer hadbeen very common in China a long time ago.15 .Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.16 Doing that would be playing with fire.II連詞成句1. in need of repairs, are, here, a great number of houses2. lie, on the grass, a few cows, in the sun3 spent, on, in the second semester, the children, much of their time, reading practice4 me, showed, the policeman