1、1/28/20221Adverb clauseBy: Sama &CrystalInstructor: Greg McPeakeClass: 1441/28/20222Outline What is an Adverb Clause? What words are signs of an Adverb Clause? When does an Adverb Clause need commas? Examples of Adverb Clauses Reduced Adverb Clauses Examples for reduction Adverb Clause Exercises

2、3What is Adverb clause It tells you. How ? Why ? When ? Something happens in the sentence.4Adverb clause An adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains subject and predicate ,and a verb . An adverb clause is subordinate(dep-ndent clause) that modifies a verb

3、, an adjective, or an adverb.1/28/20225What words (subordinating conjunctions)are signs of an adverb clause?1.Time: after, when, until, soon, before, once, while, as, as soon as, as/so long as, since, whenever, by the time2.Condition: if, only if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless, even if,

4、in the event3.Cause and effect: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that4.Contrast: though, although, while, whereas, even though 1/28/20226Adverb clause of time relationship I will leave before he comes. After she graduates, she will get a job1/28/20227Adverb clause of condition If it rains,

5、 we will stay at home. If you heat ice, it melts.1/28/20228Adverb clause of cause and effect She passed the testbecause she worked hard Since I came here, I have met many friends.1/28/20229Adverb clause of ContrastEven though the weather was cold, I went swimming.While Mary is rich, John is poor.1/2

6、8/202210When does an adverb clause need commas?Example: She will get a job after she graduates.After she graduates, she will get a job.Beforethe independent clause, an adverb clause takes a comma after it:1/28/202211When does an adverb clause need commas?In the middleof the independent clauseExample

7、:My cousin goes on a cruise every winter because she enjoys traveling.My cousin,because she enjoys traveling, goes on a cruise every winter.1/28/202212When does an adverb clause need Essential clauses dont take commas The package cameafter you left.Non-essential clauses need commas: The package came

8、 ,after you left.13Reduction of Adverbial Clauses An adverbial clause can be reduced to a phrase when the main clause and the adverbial clause have the same subject.14How to Reduce ? There are two ways in which you can reduce an adverbial clause to a phrase The past continuous (or progressive) or Th

9、e simple past (past tense)15Adverbial clause in the past continuous (or progressive) 1- Omit the Subject of the clause and the BE form of the verb : While she was chopping the onions, she cut her finger. To reduce this adverbial clause simply drop the subject and the verb to be. While chopping the o

10、nions, she cut her finger.16Adverbial clause in the simple past 2- If there is no BE , omit the subject and change the verb to -ing form : Before we sat down for dinner, we always washed our hands. To reduce this adverbial clause simply drop the subject and turn the past tense into a gerund. Before

11、sitting down for dinner, we always washed our hands.17NOTE Example: While the teacher was speaking, I fell asleep . cannot be reduced, because the subjects are different .18Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time Two actions happening at the same time Example: Janet was sitting in an armchair while readi

12、ng a book. Janet was sitting in an armchair, reading a book.19Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time One action happens during another action Example: David fell a sleep while he was watching TV David fell asleep watching TV.20Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time One action happens before another action :

13、 Example: After they (had) found a hotel, they looked for a restaurant. Having found a hotel , they looked for a restaurant.21Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Reason The sentences answering WHY questions Example: Since she felt sick, she went to bed early. Feeling sick, she went to bed early.22Reducing

14、 Adverbial Clauses of Reason Negative : Example: I didnt know his address, so I couldnt contact him. Not knowing his address, I couldnt contact him.23Exercises Complete each adverb clause below with the correct word(s): 1. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator, _ it doesnt go bad. a. since b.

15、 so that24exercises2. _ he thinks hes smart, he isnt. a. Although b. After3. You should say goodbye to your brother _ you leave for Europe. a. before b. since25exercises 4. _ my father has high blood pressure, he has to watch what he eats. a. Before b. Since 5. _ I came to this country, I didnt spea

16、k a word of English! a. Before b. Since26exercises 6. Ill let you know _ I come back. a. because b. after 7. He doesnt understand _ he doesnt speak French very well. a. so that b. because27exercises Combine the two sentences into ONE sentence, choosing the correct REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE: 1. They play

17、ed basketball for two hours. Later, they went home. _ for two hours, they went home. a. After playing basketball b. While playing basketball c. Playing basketball28exercises 2. Because I didnt want to miss my flight, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM. _, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM. a. Not wanti

18、ng to miss my flight b. While not wanting to miss my flight c. Before not wanting to miss my flight29exercises 3. You came here. Before that, you were sad. _, you were sad. a. After coming here b. Before coming here c. While coming here30exercises 4. While I was waiting for the bus, I saw a cat. _, I saw a cat. a. Waiting for the bus b. Before waiting