1、高二英語下冊Unit 11 Fact and Fantasy同步輔導學習導航教材知識歸納短語匯萃: fiction n. u 小說,虛構的小說science fiction 科幻小說the writer of fiction 小說家c 虛構的事,杜攥的話The account she gave of her movements is a complete fiction.她對自己行動所提出的解釋完全是虛構的.Fact Truth is stranger than fiction.諺事實比小說還離奇。fictional adj. 虛構的;小說的;杜撰的。例如:fictional characte

2、rs 虛構的人物factual adj. 事實的;實際的。例如:a factual account 真實記載2. belief n.have belief in/ have faith in相信, 信任/對某人某物的信仰和信賴I have not much belief in his honesty.The patient hasnt much belief in this doctor.這個患者對醫生沒有太多的信任.have belief that (常用同位語結構e.g. He has the belief that the women should be treated equallyb

3、eyond belief (糟糕的難以置信的His story is beyond belief. 他的話難以置信in the belief that 相信, 認為believe / believe ine.g. 1. I believe what you said, but I dont believe in you. 我相信你的話,但我不信任你這個人。believe: 相信sb 所說的話believe in : 信任sb(性格,人品.2. That man trust /believein God / has a strong belief /faith in God. 那個男子虔誠地信仰

4、上帝。. sb. / sth is believed to be/to do /to have done 人們普遍認為某人某物eg: He is believed to go abroad next year.= It is believed that he will go abroad next year.He is believed to have invented the computer.= It is believed that he invented the computer.believe it or not 信不信由你find it hard / difficult to be

5、lieve 很難相信某事e.g. You can believe him this time ,but you cant believe in him.3.league 里格( 長度單位,約為三英里 ; 聯盟20,000Leagues Under the Sea 海底兩萬里the League of Nations 國際聯盟in league (with 與同盟;與勾結4.go ballooning 乘熱氣球飛行balloon n. 氣球;玩具氣球。E.g. blow up a balloon 吹氣raise a balloon 升起氣球The balloon burst. 氣球破裂了。The

6、 balloon goes up. 口(事件、騷動等開始。balloon vi. 膨脹,鼓起來e.g. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.5. make a living謀生They made their living by hunting. 他們靠打獵為生make ones living /earn ones living by doing / as a hunter.vi. 申請,請求apply to sb. for sth. e.g. apply to the consul

7、for a visa向領事申請簽證apply for a job / a visavt. 使實施或生效 e.g. apply a law / a rule 執行法律規則集中精力做某事/致力于apply oneself to sth / doing sthe.g. You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work/ doing your work.運用或應用某事物apply sth to sth 被動be applied toapply a theory to practice 把理論應用于實踐e.g.

8、 The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.applicant n.申請者application 應用,申請,申請書applied 應用的,實用的e.g. applied mathematics應用數學applied art 實用美術7. foundation n. u 建立,創立e.g. He devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university.原則,基礎lay the foundation of success

9、/ ones careerHe laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work. 他以讀書和勤勞奠定了成功的基礎。foundation course 基礎課foundation-stone 奠基石3基金, 基金會8.hunt hunt foxes / I hunted for my book everywhere. 我到處找我的書hunt for / search for / look for /seek for (search the forest for the lost boybe after/ be in searc

10、h of / be in ones search for set out for /set off for 動身去/set to doing / set about doing sth/ get down to doing 開始做某事10.collision n.沖突,碰撞e.g. The liner was in collision with an oil-tanker.客輪與油輪相撞.公共汽車與轎車相撞a collision between a bus and a car = a collision of a bus with a car(2正面沖突come into collision

11、with sb. /sth. 和某人某事相沖突be in collision with 和相撞(沖突 The workers came into collision with the manager last night. 工人們昨晚和經理發生了沖突。panion n.同伴, 共事者make a companion of 與.作伴,與.為友companion in adversity患難朋友之交companion in arms 戰友 a faithful companion 忠實伴侶12.overboard 11.overboard adv. 自船上落下,在船外He fell overboa

12、rd. 他從船上掉入水中。throwoverboard丟在船外;丟在水中,擺脫;放棄。 A man overboard! 有人落水!go overboard for 沉迷于;狂熱地追求(=go overboard about13.permanent adj.永久性的, 耐久的, 固定不變的,常設的, 常任的permanent address永久地址 a permanent job固定職業permanent tooth 成人齒/ 智齒14.aboard adv. 在船(飛機、車上,上船(飛機、車prep. 在(船、飛機、車上。例如:We must not take these goods abo

13、ard. 我們切不可帶這些貨物上車。She went aboard the ship. 她上了船。The people aboard the plane are all students. 飛機上的這些人都是學生。go / step aboard 上船(上飛機等/ be on board e.g. There are 100 passengers on board the ship. takeaboard 裝入Welcome aboard! 歡迎各位乘坐本飛機(本輪船15.prisoner 囚犯;犯人; 俘虜take sb. prisoner (=take sb. captive = capt

14、ure 俘虜某人抽象含義He made her hand a prisoner. 他握住她的手不放。My work kept me a prisoner all summer. 整個夏天我忙得不可開交Sb be put into prison, escape from the prison,. Be in prison -be in the prison16.gentle adj. 和善的;溫和的;文雅的;和緩的。gentle breeze 和風gentle heart 仁慈的心腸gentle nature 溫和的性情gentle wind (rain 和風(細雨gentleman -lady

15、 Ladies and gentlemen gently adv. 和善地;輕輕地;文雅地a layer of dust 一層灰塵a layer of clay 黏土層ozone layer 臭氧層18. marble n.大理石, 雕刻品The floor is of marble.這地面是大理石的。adj.大理石的, 冷酷無情的, 堅硬的He has a heart of marble.他有一副鐵石心腸。19. shore n. (海、湖、河岸(beach/ coast/ bank(常用pl(有海岸線的國家We walked along the seashore. 我們沿著海岸走。off(

16、the shore/coast離岸on shore(海員離船; 在岸上, 在陸上on the landin shore 近岸,靠岸on the water near the shore20.In public 公開地;公然;當眾in private 私下21. throw /bring light upon / on 闡明某事, 使某事顯得非常清楚The facts threw light upon the matter.那些事實已經將那個問題弄得很清楚了。e.g. I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these ma

17、tters.Can you throw any light on the problem?22 .phenomenon復數. phenomena, “現象”下雪是冬天的一種自然現象Snow is a natural phenomenon in winter.phenomenon 有時表示”奇跡,罕見的人才或事情”貝多芬是位音樂奇才He was a phenomenon among musicians.一夜爆富是哈利被認為是商界奇才. Harrys rapid success made him a phenomenon in the business world. 23. labour n.勞動

18、, 勞力, 勞工, 努力,工作manual labour 手工勞動= physical labour 體力勞動mental labour腦力勞動skilled labour熟練工人hesitate at / in / over/ about + n. / doing sth. 做猶豫不決e.g. She is still hesitating about sending her son to college.hesitate at nothing 毫不猶豫地做某事hesitate to do sth. 遲疑于做In case you need something, please don'

19、;t hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么東西, 請不客氣地對我說n. hesitation 猶豫without hesitation 毫不猶豫25. horror n. the horror of war戰爭的恐怖horror film 恐怖影片to ones horrorhave a horror of 對感到害怕horrible adj. a horrible nightmareadj horrible 可怕的,令人恐懼的a horrible nightmare horrify horrifying -horrified討厭的What a horrible buildi

20、ng!多難看的一座建筑物! What horrible weather!這鬼天氣26.cut up : cut sth into pieces / cut sth into slices使受苦Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.在丈夫拋棄她之后,簡痛苦極了。cut across 取捷徑;走近路;超越cut back 剪枝;修剪減少;縮小;削減vi/vt(1= cut down e.g.Peter smokes but he tries to cut back.(2cut back (on e.g. If you cut back o

21、n fat and sugar, you will lose weight.cut down砍倒;砍傷;砍死cut down a tree減少;減低vi/vtcut down (on smoking: cut back on減少抽煙cut in 插嘴Don't cut in while I'm talking.(get in / break in /interrupt 我說話時別插嘴。超車搶擋;(突然插入to cut in on a queue=jump the queue加塞兒cut out剪除;切掉;remove sth from a large piece by cutt

22、ingto cut out a dress裁剪衣服I cut this article out of a magazine for you .從雜志上為你剪下了這篇文章停止;放棄=give up e.g. cut out smoking戒煙cut off使隔絕/ 中斷,斷絕:The flood completely cut off the town.Our house is cut off from the rest of the town.我們家與鎮上的其他住戶離得很遠。All his friends suddenly cut him off.課文要點解析:Section I 課前準備、聽力

23、、口語1. Try the quiz below to see if you know any better. 試一試下面的知識檢測,看看你是否了解的更多。(P.9 Question 2 if:(1 if conj. “是否”,在此語境中可用whether 代替。He asked whether / if we wanted a drink. 他問我們是否要喝點飲料。注意:whether與if (作“是否”解時都可以連接賓語從句。(2 if不能替換whether的5種情況:a. 正式文體中,句中有or not時I wonder whether it is big enough or not.

24、我想知道它是否足夠大。注意:在口語中“if.or not”可接受,但連寫的“if or not”是錯誤的。b. 引導主語、表語、同位語從句時:Whether it is true (or not remains a question. 它是不是真的還是一個問題。c. 作介詞賓語時I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home. 我還沒決定是否要回家。d. 在不定式前,與不定式組成詞組She hasn't decided whetherto go or not. 她還沒有決定去還是不去。e. 作dis

25、cuss等詞的賓語We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我們討論是否該關閉那家商店。(3 if還有“假如”之意,引導條件狀語從句,而此時的條件狀語從句,又具體分為兩種情況:表示真實條件和表示假設條件,詳解如下:a. 表示真實條件。“如果” If he told you that, he was lying. 如果他是那樣對你說的,他就是在撒謊。If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我們就不出去。注意:if條件句要求用一般時表示將來,不用will表示將來,只有在表示“愿意”或“

26、不愿意”時,if后才可以跟will或won't。If you won't come, I'll go alone. 如果你不愿意來,我就一個人去。b. 表示假設條件,“假如”,用虛擬語氣與現在事實相反If I were you, I would help her. 我要是你的話,我就會幫助她。與過去事實相反If I had not missed the train, I would have got home by now.假如我沒誤了火車,現在早該到家了。與將來事實相反If any one should call, please let me know. 萬一有人打電

27、話來,請告訴我一聲。拓展:as if (=as though 好像(引導方式狀語從句或表語從句; even if (=even though 即使(引導讓步狀語從句; if only (引導感嘆句,要用虛擬語氣但愿,要就好了; (引導狀語從句,要用虛擬語氣 要是,若是; only if (引導狀語從句,用陳述語氣只有2. What is the highest mountain on earth and how high is it? 世界上最高的山是什么山? 有多高? (P.9 Question 2 No. 1Which is the longest river on earth and h

28、ow long is it? 世界上最長的河是那條? 有多長? (P. 9Question2 No. 31 What(1 pron. (疑問代詞 什么What happened next? 后來怎么樣了呢? What do you want? 你要什么? (2 pron. (連接代詞,引導名詞性從句等 所的事(或人 What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 過去認為不可能的事現在已成為現實。The city is not what it used to be. 這個城市不再是先前的模樣了。2 辨析:what與w

29、hich(1 which既可引導定語從句,又可連接名詞性從句;而what不可引導定語從句。(2 which,what同為名詞性從句的連接代詞時,都可在所連接的名詞性從句中充當主語或賓語,其區別在意思上。what強調“內容”,而which強調從已知的、確定的范圍中做出選擇。This river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. (which引導非限制性定語從句這條流經倫敦的河,叫泰晤士河。What book are you going to read? 你要讀什么書? Which book are you going to re

30、ad, this one or that one? 你要讀哪一本書,這本還是那本?注意:以下句子中常用what。(1 What season do you like best? 你最喜歡什么季節? (2 What day is today? 今天是星期幾? (3 What's the date today? 今天是幾號?聯想:somewhat adv.稍微,有點whatever pron. 無論什么;凡是的東西拓展:What about? (用于征求意見時怎么樣(=How about; what if倘使將會怎么樣;即使又有什么要緊;盡管又有什么關系; what for為何目的;為什么

31、what is more 而且3. Why does Sam need to know the time. 為什么Sam需要知道時間?(P. 10 Listen- ing Ex. 2 No.1 need:(1 n. U 缺乏,缺少,需要There is no need for you to be anxious. 你沒必要焦慮的。(2 n. C必需品10 a month will meet my needs. 一個月10英鎊可滿足我的需要。(3 v. 需要This job needs a lot of care, attention and time. 這工作需要花費很多心思和時間。She l

32、ikes to feel needed. 她喜歡感覺有人需要她。(4 v. aux. (無時態和人稱變化;多用于疑問句和否定句;后接沒有to的不定式;need not 縮寫為needn't需要,必須- Need l go? 我必須去嗎? - Yes, you must. (No, you needn't.是的,你必須去(不,你不必去。He need not have come last night. 他昨晚本來沒必要來的。(但實際來了注意:need not have done表示某一個已經發生的動作實際上不必發生,常譯為“不必也行”等。比較:He didn't need

33、 to come last night. 他昨晚不必來。(實際上也沒有來辨析:need, require與want: (1 三者后接名詞、代詞或數詞,意思為“要”或“需要”。三者后接被動的不定式或主動的動名詞,意思為“需要”或“應該”。(2 need (需要 和want (想要 可以接主動的不定式作賓語,而require不可以。(3 require和want可以接復合賓語,而need 不可以。(4 require可以接賓語從句,而且從句中的謂語動詞必須用"(should+ 動詞原形”; need和want不可以。(5 need可以作情態動詞,而require和want不可以。例如:T

34、he work needs / requires / wants patience. 這工作需要耐心。The house needs / requires / wants to be cleaned / cleaning. 這房子需要清掃。He needs / wants to see you. 他要見你。I require / want you to be here this evening. 我請你今晚到這兒來。They require that I (should appear. 他們要求我出場。You need not write down your translation. 你們不必

35、寫下譯文。聯想:(派 needful adj. 需要的,必須的needless adj. 無需的,不必要的needlessly adv. 不需地,無謂地needy adj. 貧窮的,貧困的拓展:at need緊急時; be / stand in need of 需要; if need be / were 如果必要的話; more than needs 超過需要; There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是不必要的。4. and talk about what you believe may come true in the future. 談一談你認為

36、將來可能實現的事?(P.10 Speaking 第四行(1 link. -v. 成為,變成His dream came true. 他的夢想實現了。(2 come + to do (不定式中的動詞多為表示心理活動的動詞,如:understand,realize 終于;開始I hope we'll be friends and come to understand each other.我希望我們成為朋友并逐漸相互理解。He came to realize that he was wrong. 他開始認識到自己錯了。辨析:get,go,turn與comeget強調造成事件的施動者發揮的作

37、用或變化的結果。go常常表示不顧施動者的愿望而發生的變化,多用于表示惡化的情況。turn經常表示從某種狀態向其對立狀態轉化的自然現象。come大都表示向好的方面轉化。They got married 10 years ago. 他們10年前結的婚。Please don't get angry. 請別生氣。The eggs went bad. 雞蛋壞了。The telephone has gone dead. 電話斷了。The weather has turned much colder. 天氣變得冷多了。Everything will come right in the end. 最終

38、一切事情總會變好的。5. Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever. 醫生可能會找到一種讓我們青春永駐的辦法。(P.10 Speaking “Young forever”第二個A部分名詞后接不定式或介詞+ 動名詞1 在chance,way,opportunity,time等名詞后,既可用不定式,又可用“介詞+ 動名詞”作定語。如:I'd like to have a chance to see / of seeing your teacher. 我想找個機會見一個你們的老師。I'm glad to have the oppo

39、rtunity to talk / of talking to you. 我很高興能有這個機會跟你談話。2 在ability,resolution,tendency等名詞后,通常用不定式作后臵定語。如:Does he have the ability to do the work? 他有做這項工作的能力嗎? He has made a resolution to go abroad. 他決心出國。She has a tendency to become fat. 她有發胖的趨勢。3當被修飾的普通名詞前有序數詞修飾時,該名詞的后臵定語也須用不定式而不是“介詞+ 動名詞”。Antonio Gaud

40、i is the first one to understand that.安東尼奧是第一個理解那件事的人。He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 他總是第一個來,最后一個離開。4而在habit,idea,intention,method,objection等名詞后,通常只跟“介詞+動名詞”作定語。I have the habit of taking a nap after lunch. 我有午飯后睡午覺的習慣。She dismissed the idea of becoming an artist. 她打消了

41、當藝術家的念頭。He had no intention of keeping his word. 他不想遵守諾言。We like his methods of teaching English. 我們喜歡他教英語的方法。He had an objection to (prep. doing it. 他反對做此事。Section II 閱讀6. By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further,通過將他所處時代的科學發展向前推進一步 (P.11 第一段倒數第4-3行by prep. 表手段、方式或原因(1 以,借助

42、于,用 I go to school by bus, but my father goes to office by car. 我乘公共汽車上學,但我爸爸開車上班。I sent the letter by e-mail. 我將那封信以電子郵件寄出。(2 借、靠、因(臵于動名詞前,表方法、手段、原因 You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把雞蛋和面粉混合,你就可以做出那種蛋糕。He caught (a cold by playing soccer in the rain. 他因在雨中踢足球而感冒了。注意:臵于by之后表示交通工具的名詞,前

43、面不加冠詞,但指特定之物時則須加冠詞。He left by the 10:30 train. 他坐10:30的火車走了。7. He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were consider- ed impossible in his own time. 他還提出將來如何用發明來使人類作出他那個時代被認為是不可能做到的事情。(P. 11 第一段倒數2行suggest:1 suggest (1 v. 建議、提議I suggest finishing n

44、ow. 我建議現在做完。He suggested a walk. 他提議去散散步。(2 v. 顯出Her yawn suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。Her look suggests that she is very happy.從她的表情可看得出她很高興。(3 v. 表“建議”,后跟賓語從句時,用虛擬語氣,從句中謂語動詞常用“(should + 動詞原形”。He suggested that the work (should be started at once. 他建議立即動工。It is suggested that the work (sh

45、ould be finished as soon as possible. 有人提議那項工作要盡早完成。注意:“建議某人做某事”不可用suggest sb. to do sth. 句型,但可用advise sb. to do sth. suggest 只有一個賓語。我向他提議我們早點動身去機場。誤:I suggested him that we leave early for the airport.正:I suggested to him that we leave early for the airport.提示:表示向某人建議某事用to sb. 臵于賓語之后;也可以因強調賓語或句子結構的

46、需要而臵于賓語之前,但不可以省去to;類似的動詞有:explain解釋;announce宣布,通知;report 報告,報到。補充:suggest(ion等后用虛擬語氣的情況:我們表示“建議”“要求”“命令”“應當做”這一意義時,suggest等動詞后的賓語從句中的謂語常用"(should+ 動詞原形”;這類動詞的字頭記憶口訣是:I DROP CAPS,具體為:insist堅持;demand要求,desire要求,請求;request 請求,require需要;要求;order命令;propose建議;command命令;ask要求;advise建議; prefer寧愿;sugges

47、t建議(1 這些動詞變被動語態(如:It is suggested + that主語從句形式后,主語從句謂語動詞仍用“(should+動詞原形”。(2 這些動詞變名詞(如:suggestion后,其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should+動詞原形。”(3 此類動詞不表達“某事必須或很重要”這一意義時,賓語從句中不用虛擬語氣。She insisted that she heard somebody in the house. 她堅持說她聽到房子里有人。Her expression suggested she was angry. 她的表情表明她很生氣。2 allow (1 v.

48、 允許,準許They do not allow smoking here. 他們不允許在這里抽煙。They allowed her to go to the party. 他們允許她去參加聚會。(2 v. 給予,提供(錢或時間 He allows his son ten dollars a month. 他每月給兒子10元錢。Your gift allows me to buy a car. 你的贈禮使我能夠買一輛車了。The facts allow no other explanation. 這些事實不容易做解釋。辨析:allow,permit與let: (1 allow和permit都表示

49、“允許”,用法也一樣,在許多情況下可以互相換用,只是詞義的強弱上有些差別。(2 allow詞義較弱,含有“聽任”“默許”“不加阻止”的意思。permit詞義較強,強調“正式認可”“批準”的意思。let表示“讓”,詞義最弱,較口語化,用法上也不同于allow和permit;在let后面的賓補為不帶to的動詞不定式;let一般不能用被動語態。That teacher allows too much noise in the classroom. 那位老師聽任教室里大聲吵鬧。Schools do not permit smoking. 學校不準吸煙。The nurse allowed him to

50、remain there, though it was not permitted. 護士讓他留在那里,雖然這是(規定不允許的。Let me help you. 讓我幫你吧。8. and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster. 人們認為這是由于一種海中怪獸造成的。(P. 11 第二段第2行 cause:(1 v. 導致;成為的原因;使發生He often causes trouble to / for people. 他常給人們惹麻煩。His illness caused him to miss the game. 他因病不能參加比賽。(2

51、n. C 原因,起因Careless is often the cause of fires. 粗心大意常常是火災的起因。(3 n. C (人們強烈維護或支持的原則或運動She fought for the cause all her life. 她一生都在為事業奮斗。辨析:cause,reason,excuse與groundscause“起因”;指引起某種后果的起因。reason“理由,原因”;指決定做某一件事或采取某一行動的理由;由此而得出結論或解釋。excuse“辯解,借口”;指為某一行為所做的解釋,可以是真的,也可以是推托之辭。grounds“根據,理由”;指有根據的理由。The ca

52、use of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他車開得太快。The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 我沒來是因為我生病了。Too much work is no excuse for not studying. 工作太忙不能成為不學習的理由。We have good grounds to believe his story. 我們有充分的理由相信他的話。9. Dr Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hu

53、nter set out to find the monster. 愛瑞納克斯博士,他的仆人和一位加拿大的獵鯨手出發去尋找這只海怪。(P.11 第二段倒數第1行 set out:(1 開始,著手They set out to perform the operation. 他們開始做手術。They set out to work as soon as they arrived. 他們一到就干了起來。(2 啟程,動身Half an hour later we set out again on our journey. 半小時之后,我們又啟程趕路了。They set out for Rome. 他們

54、動身去羅馬。比較:(1 set about開始,著手He set about washing his car. (= He set out to wash his car. 他開始洗涮汽車。I'll set about preparing supper. (= I'll set out to prepare supper. 我要開始準備晚飯了。(2 set off 出發、動身We all set off for New York next Tuesday. (= We all set out for New York next Tuesday. 下星期二我們將動身去紐約。The

55、y have set off on a journey round the world. (=They have set out on a journey round the world. 他們已出發作環球旅行。歸納:set out (1 動身、出發(set off (2 開始、著手(= set about 其中out,off為副詞, about為介詞。拓展:set sb. an example = set an example to sb. 為某人樹立榜樣; set about 著手(開始做; set aside 存蓄,留出; set fire to 點燃,生火; set foot in /

56、 on 登上,涉足;訪問; set off 出發,動身; set to work (使開始干overboard: adv.自船邊緣落入水中They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea. 他們出海時船翻了。辨析:aboard,board,on board與abroadaboard adv.在船(飛機、車上;上船(飛機、車 / board vt. 上車,上船/ on board在船(車等上,上船(車等 / abroad adv. 在國外,到國外The boat is ready to leave. All aboard! 船就要開了,請大

57、家上船。It's time to go aboard. 該上船(火車、飛機了。注意:aboard作副詞時只用在動詞之后。board vt. 上車、上船Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport. 然后我們上了汽車向機場開去。What time shall we go on board? 我們什么時候上船(車?注意:on board作形容詞或副詞性短語時,一般作“在船上” “上船”解。He lives abroad for many years. 他在國外僑居多年。They are sent abroad to work. 他們被

58、派駐國外工作。注意:abroad通常用在行為動詞后作狀語,用在be動詞后作表語。abroad可與from連用,作“從國外”解。The professor is engaged from abroad. 這位教授是從國外聘來的。11. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself,在他們努力求生時,卻發現自己就在這頭怪獸的身體表面。(P.12 第一段2-4行1 effort n. 努力;盡力He lifted the heavy box without effort. 他毫不費力地舉起了那個重箱子。The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed. 那犯人企圖越獄,但沒有成功。辨析:effort,effect,affect與affordeffect n. 影響、效果/ affect v. 影響/ afford v. 花費