1、 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clause 表語從句表語從句predicative clause 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clause請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he sto

2、le the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )n引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞: nthat（無意義（無意義,不充當任何成分不充當任何成分,一般不一般不省略（除了充當動詞后面的賓語從句省略（除了充當

3、動詞后面的賓語從句的連詞可省）的連詞可省） nwhether, if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明從表明從句內容的不確定性）句內容的不確定性） nas if ,as though（均表示（均表示“好好像像”,“似乎似乎”） n以上在從句中均不充當任何成分以上在從句中均不充當任何成分 n連接代詞連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever n連接副詞連接副詞:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自連

4、接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從在從句中充當從句的成分句中充當從句的成分 在復合句中作主語的從句在復合句中作主語的從句.引導詞有連引導詞有連詞詞that,whether; 代詞代詞:who, what ,which;副詞副詞:when ,where, how, why等等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixe

5、d.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主語從句主語從句1.It + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從句從句It is necessary / important/ obvious thatIt is necessary / important/ obvious that2.It + be + -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句It is believed that 人們相信人們相信It is known to us all that . 眾所周知眾所周知It has been decided that 已經決定已經決定3.It +

6、 be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實是事實是4.It + 不及物動詞不及物動詞 that從句從句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起n在下列主語從句中謂語動詞要用在下列主語從句中謂語動詞要用 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”,常用的常用的句型有句型有: nIt is necessary (

7、important, natural, strange) that nIt is a pity/ a shame/no wonder that nIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired.) that 主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”:1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數主句的謂語動詞用單數形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導主語從句時引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復數主句謂語動詞的單復數由表語的單復數決定由表語的單復數決定.What h

8、e wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareisn1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海上海)n A. What is required B .What requiresn C It is required D. It requiresn2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides

9、will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京)n A. This B. There is C .That is D. It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)n A .where B .what C .that D. hown Exercises 賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞

10、及物動詞) 或或介詞之后。介詞之后。1.She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 賓語從句賓語從句 (作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語)(作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語)n1. 由連接詞由連接詞that引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句 n由連接詞由連接詞that引導賓語從句時引導賓語從句時,that在在句中不擔任任何成分句中不擔

11、任任何成分,在口語或非正式在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句但如從句是并列句時時,第二個分句前的第二個分句前的that不可省不可省。例如。例如: nWe must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. n注意注意:在在suggest, advise, recommend, propose; require, request, demand; order, commend; insist; desire, urge等表示等表示建議、要求、建議、要求

12、、命令、堅持命令、堅持等意義的動詞后等意義的動詞后,賓語從句賓語從句常用常用“（should）+ 動詞原形動詞原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。我堅持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令員命令部隊馬上出發。員命令部隊馬上出發。 記錄記錄n2. 用用whether或或if引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外仍保持陳述句語序。此外

13、,whether與與if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思講時在下的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用列情況下一般只能用whether,不用不用if: na. 引導引導主語從句主語從句并在并在句首句首時時;b. 引引導導表語從句表語從句時時;c . 引導從句作引導從句作介詞介詞賓語賓語時時;d. 從句后有從句后有“or not”時時;e. 后接動詞不定式時。后接動詞不定式時。記錄記錄nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. nThe question is whether she should have a low op

14、inion of the test. nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay? 賓語從句中的賓語從句中的“時態呼應時態呼應”與與“否定轉移否定轉移” 若主語是第一人稱若主語是第一人稱,主句謂語動詞為主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義的賓語從

15、句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如從句謂語用肯定式。例如:He told me that he _ his job. (已經完成了工作已經完成了工作)時態呼應時態呼應否定轉移否定轉移我認為他不會來這里我認為他不會來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finishedn4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句當主句動詞是現在時動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情從句根據自身的句子情況況,而使用不同時態。

16、例如而使用不同時態。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 當主句動詞是過去時態（當主句動詞是過去時態（could, would除外）除外）,從句則要用相應的從句則要用相應的過去時態過去時態,如一般過去時如一般過去時,過去進行過去進行時時,過去將來時等過去將來時等

17、;當從句表示的是當從句表示的是客觀真理客觀真理,科學原理科學原理,自然現象自然現象,則從則從句仍用現在時態。例如句仍用現在時態。例如: nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 賓語從句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.注意注意: :如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時語時, ,一般用一般用itit來作形式賓語來作形式賓語, ,把從句放在賓補把從句放在賓補后面。后面。我發現他兩天之內完成工作是

18、不可能的我發現他兩天之內完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.記錄記錄Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語作形式主語或形式賓語: 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her

19、 a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC特別提醒特別提醒:like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, see to, depend on, rely on 后面一般不直接跟賓語后面一般不直接跟賓語從句從句,而要加上而要加上it作形式賓語作形式賓語,注意固定搭配注意固定搭配,如如:make it a rule ,

20、 take it for granted that 等。等。記錄記錄在復合句中作主句的表語在復合句中作主句的表語.引導表語從句的關引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣表語從句表語從句1.問題是我們和他已失去聯系問題是我們和他已失去聯系.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了天看起來要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry solved the problem.as if it is

21、going to rain.n需要注意的需要注意的,當主語是當主語是reason時時,表語從表語從句要用句要用that引導而不是引導而不是because。nThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 在句中起同位語的作用在句中起同位語的作用. .一般放在名詞一般放在名詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之后后, ,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. .

22、引導詞有連詞引導詞有連詞 that(that(不能省不能省) ); ;少數情況下也可用連接副詞等少數情況下也可用連接副詞等. .1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位語從句同位語從句在句中起同位語的作用在句中起同位語的作用. .一般放在名詞一般放在名

23、詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之后后, ,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. .引導詞有連詞引導詞有連詞 that(that(不能省不能省) ); ;少數情況下也可用連接副詞等少數情況下也可用連接副詞等. .1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion th

24、at the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位語從句同位語從句n同位語從句和定語從句的區別同位語從句和定語從句的區別: nthat作為關系代詞作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句可以引導定語從句,充當句充當句子成分子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引引導同位語從句時導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用起連詞的作用,沒有實際意沒有實際意義義,不充當句子成分不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。一般不能省略。 nI had no idea that you were here（that引導同位語從句引導同位語從

25、句,不能省略）不能省略） nHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引導定語從句引導定語從句,作賓語作賓語,可以省略）可以省略） Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually

26、 going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. th

27、at C. when D. as(1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?

28、A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he

29、 is B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.語序問題語序問題考點歸納考點歸納D歸歸納納 在名詞性從句中在名詞性從句中,除了除了連詞在從句之首連詞在從句之首外外,其它部分其它部分應用應用_的語序的語序。陳述陳述II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends o

30、n _ we will have enough money.n5. _ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用面的賓語從句只能用_,不能用不能用if ;b.后面緊跟后面緊跟 or not 時時, 用用_.歸納歸納whetherwhetherIII. that 與與whether /

31、 if 的選擇的選擇: (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. A.WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he

32、will come soon?whether / ifthatthat 表示是否時用表示是否時用_,表示肯定時用表示肯定時用_歸納歸納whether /ifthat1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用只起連接作用,在從句中不充當任何成分在從句中不充當任何成分,沒有詞義沒有詞義_起連接作用起連接作用,且在從句中充當主語且在從句中充當

33、主語,賓語或表語賓語或表語, 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納歸納. that, what引導名詞性從句的區別引導名詞性從句的區別. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引導名詞性從句的區別引導名詞性從句的區別1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law w

34、ill be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引導的名詞性從句等引導的名詞性從句不不含有疑問意義含有疑問意義,相當于名詞后加一個定語從句相當于名詞后加一個定語從句,而而n_引導的名詞性從句引導的名詞性從句含有疑問意義含有疑問意義; what則視句意來定則視句意來定。Whoever, whateverWho, 1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flow

35、ers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.A.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣:He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was sugge

36、sted that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建議建議, 請求請求, 命令命令, 要求要求,堅持堅持等的名詞性從句中等的名詞性從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.歸納歸納2.在主語從句中用來表示在主語從句中用來表示驚奇驚奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理應如此理應如此等等,

37、 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.試區分以下句子試區分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking abo

38、ut?注意注意: :1. 1. 如果是定語從句如果是定語從句, ,它的從句肯定是不它的從句肯定是不完整的完整的, ,關系詞肯定在句中充當成分的關系詞肯定在句中充當成分的; ;而同位而同位語從句中的語從句中的thatthat只起連接作用。只起連接作用。 2. 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用, ,而而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內容。同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內容。( (同從同從) )( (定從定從) )that引導名詞性從句時在從句中引導名詞性從句時在從句中不做任何成分不做任何成分,也也沒有具體的意義沒有具體的意義。其他連接詞在引導從句時都做相。其他

39、連接詞在引導從句時都做相應的成分并有具體的意思。應的成分并有具體的意思。 ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.TheproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoneySheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.1.)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省但不能省略。略。 .that不能省略的情況不能省略的情況2).It 做形式賓語的賓語從句做形式賓語的賓語從句:I dont think it necessary that you sh

40、ould read English loudly. 3).并列賓語從句中并列賓語從句中,從第二個賓語從句開始都不可省從第二個賓語從句開始都不可省He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.4).當當that賓語從句中狀語部分位與從句前部時賓語從句中狀語部分位與從句前部時,Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me.5).當當that 前有插入語時前有插入語時Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sist

41、er was going to Japan.6).當當that作介詞賓語時作介詞賓語時,that不可省掉。不可省掉。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. . 疑問詞疑問詞+ever和和nomatter+疑問詞的區別疑問詞的區別:疑問詞+ever可引導名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑問詞+ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如:Whoeverbreakstherul

42、e,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.No matter+疑問詞可換成疑問詞+ever1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my m