1、The Present Participle-Used as AdverbialLooking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.The ing form used as an adverbial.Having + past participle (the perfect -ingform) to refer to an act

2、ion that took place before the time expressed by main verb.千萬要注意千萬要注意V-ingV-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨(dú)作不能單獨(dú)作謂語謂語，沒有沒有人稱和數(shù)人稱和數(shù)的的變化，可以有自變化，可以有自己的己的賓語和狀語賓語和狀語。還有還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化的變化。The Present Participle as Adverbial （現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語）-ing分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示Task1 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條

3、件、時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，注：注：從句的主語從句的主語和和主句的主語主句的主語必須必須一致一致。即即-ing-ing分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語，并表示是整個(gè)句子的主語，并表示主動(dòng)主動(dòng)的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。一一. -ing分詞短語作分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語，代替一，代替一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句：個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句：注意：注意：1：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)可由句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)可由連詞連詞when, while引出。引出。 2：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，

4、：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞一般位于句首。一般位于句首。 如：如： When he read the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.二、二、-ing分詞短語作分詞短語

5、作原因狀語原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如原因狀語從句。如： As he was ill, he couldnt come to school today. Being ill, he couldnt come to school today. 三、三、ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 四、四、-ing分詞也可

6、作條件狀語和讓步狀語，分詞也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。句。If you use your head, you will find a way.Using your head, you will find a way.Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 五、五、-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表

7、示主語的另一個(gè)、的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：較次要的動(dòng)作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. _ by the old man, the young people started walking slowly.Followed_from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match

8、 box._from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.SeeingSeensee分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞，分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞詞(如如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個(gè)狀語部分，分詞和主句之間可用逗一個(gè)狀語部分，分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。號(hào)。注意注意：例如例如:誤誤: Having been told many times, b

9、ut he still couldnt understand it.正正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或或 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.對(duì)比練習(xí)對(duì)比練習(xí)1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C

10、. He was told D. He been told 3. _from space , the earth looks blue .4._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See CAABbutthe earthwe-ing分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示分詞作狀語代替狀語從句可以表示 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語代替狀語從句時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，注：注：從句的主語從句的主語和和主句的主語主句的

11、主語必須必須一致一致。即即-ing-ing分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語，并表示是整個(gè)句子的主語，并表示主動(dòng)主動(dòng)的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。 Task 2:現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一一般般式式完完成成式式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：分詞的一般式和完成式： Being a student, he was interested in books. Having finished his work

12、, he went home. -ing分詞的分詞的一般式一般式的動(dòng)作表示和主句的動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示和主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行或者在主句的的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行或者在主句的的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生；生；完成式完成式的動(dòng)作是先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。的動(dòng)作是先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。-ing-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式分詞的被動(dòng)式-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與主句的主語（分分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與主句的主語（分詞的詞的邏輯主語邏輯主語）的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，被動(dòng)式有分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，被動(dòng)式有一般一般被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式(being done)和和完成被動(dòng)式完成被動(dòng)式(having been done

13、)。如：。如：（Having been criticized） by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 1. AS he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep. 2.This book become well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.Having eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.Hav

14、ing been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world . Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Task 3: 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞- ing形式（短語）的否定形式形式（短語）的否定形式常在其（常在其（ ）加）加not /never等。等。前面前面 As we didnt know his phone number, we co

15、uldnt get in touch with her. As he didnt receive a reply, he decided to write another letter. 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式Not knowing his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her.Not having received a reply, he decided to write another letter. Task 4 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況

16、, , 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等 As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village. If the weather permits, well go for an outing tomorrow. leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village. permitting, well go for an outing tomorrow. Practice:The boyThe weather As there w

17、as no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.There being no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個(gè)句子，有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來解釋整個(gè)句子，不受句子主語的限制。常見的分詞短語有：不受句子主語的限制。常見的分詞短語有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假設(shè)假設(shè)), judging from(從從判斷判斷), t

18、alking of（談到（談到), speaking of（談到）（談到）等。等。Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? Task 5: 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立成分現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立成分1 1、分詞、分詞 ( (短語短語) ) 作狀語時(shí)作狀語時(shí), , 前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作前后

19、兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語是同一個(gè)人。的主語是同一個(gè)人。2 2、分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞、分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞列連詞( (如如butbut，and)and)，分詞和主句之間可用分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。逗號(hào)。 使用使用- ing- ing形式需注意的形式需注意的4 4個(gè)問題個(gè)問題. .3 3、用、用V+ingV+ing一般式一般式 還是還是Having+doneHaving+done完成式，完成式，要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒明顯的先后順序，在要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒明顯的先后順序，在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式

20、現(xiàn)在分詞可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4 4、分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上、分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上 not, nevernot, never等否定詞構(gòu)成。等否定詞構(gòu)成。 After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.= Hearing a strange sound, he went out of . As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately.Being

21、 seriously ill, the girl was taken to .be - being As she didnt know any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.Not knowing any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.1. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.2. Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true

22、.判斷句子正誤并改正判斷句子正誤并改正Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room.誤誤誤誤Working hard with a strong will, youll certainly make your dream come true.Exercise1.我們對(duì)這件令人吃驚的事情感到非常吃驚。 we are _ at this _ thing.2.你認(rèn)識(shí)躺在樹下的那位人嗎？ Do you know the person _.3.我對(duì)魯迅寫的這本書非常感興趣。 Im _ _in the book _ by Lu Xun.

23、4.她站在那里等公共汽車。 _.surprisedsurprisinglying under the big treeinterestedwrittenShe stood there waiting for the bus.5.做了很多實(shí)驗(yàn)以后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新方法。 _，he discovered a new method.6.與名片比較起來，電子字典要稍微大一點(diǎn)。 _business card, the e-dictionary is a little bigger.7.這些警察發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小偷把手伸進(jìn)那位老太太的口袋，當(dāng)場就把他抓住。The police find the thief _ hi

24、s hand into the old ladys pocket and catch him red-handed.Having made a lot of experientsCompared withputting專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）1.2011全國卷全國卷 The next thing he saw was smoke_ from behind the house. AroseBrising Cto rise Drisen【解析解析】 Brise和和smoke是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且他所看到的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的煙，所以用是正在升起的煙，所以用rise的的i

25、ng形式。形式。rising短語作表語短語作表語smoke的后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，即的后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，即which was rising 真題典例真題典例專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）2.2011全國卷全國卷 The island，_to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. Ajoining Bto join Cjoined Dhaving joined【解析解析】 C考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)島由一座橋考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)島由一座橋和大陸連著，很容易去的。和大陸連著，很容易去的。island和和join之

26、間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用過去分詞。需用過去分詞。joined to the mainland by a bridge相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句定語從句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）3.2011全國卷全國卷 Sarah pretended to be cheerful，_ nothing about the argument. Asays Bsaid Cto say Dsaying【解析解析】 D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：莎拉假裝很高興，考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：莎拉假裝很高興，對(duì)爭論沒有說

27、什么。對(duì)爭論沒有說什么。saying為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。says和和said都作謂語；都作謂語；to say表示將要說。表示將要說。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）4.2011北京卷北京卷 Its important for the figures _ regularly. Ato be updated Bto have been updated Cto update Dto have updated 【解析解析】 A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。figure（數(shù)字）和（數(shù)字）和update（更新）是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)形式，此外，從

28、后（更新）是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)形式，此外，從后面的面的regularly（經(jīng)常地）來看，更新是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)（經(jīng)常地）來看，更新是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)該用一般式。該用一般式。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）5.2011北京卷北京卷 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. Ato keep Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto have kept【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里是分詞作狀語，描考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里是分詞作狀語，描述站著的狀態(tài)，用分詞的一般式。

29、句意為：坐下吧，述站著的狀態(tài)，用分詞的一般式。句意為：坐下吧，Emma，老是站著會(huì)更累的。老是站著會(huì)更累的。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）6.2011天津卷天津卷 _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTranslated CTo translate DHaving translated【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。translate 和句子和句子主語主語the sentence是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此動(dòng)作已發(fā)生

30、，所以要用過是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，所以要用過去分詞作狀語表被動(dòng)完成。句意為：翻譯成英文后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這去分詞作狀語表被動(dòng)完成。句意為：翻譯成英文后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的詞序完全不同了。個(gè)句子的詞序完全不同了。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）7.2011山東卷山東卷 Look over there theres a very long，winding path _ up to the house. Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead【解析解析】 A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處需考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處需要定語修飾要定語修飾path，lead與與path之

31、間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。不定式作定語往往表示將來的動(dòng)作，此要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。不定式作定語往往表示將來的動(dòng)作，例如：例如：There is nothing to do. 此處也可以用定語從句修飾此處也可以用定語從句修飾path，但是要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，即，但是要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，即that/which leads up to the house，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語不能省略，故排除，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語不能省略，故排除B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）8.2011江蘇卷江蘇卷 Recently a survey_ pr

32、ices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared 【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，主語考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，主語是是a survey，謂語部分是，謂語部分是has caused heated debate among citizens。因此所填成分是充當(dāng)。因此所填成分是充當(dāng)survey的后置定語。根據(jù)的后置定語。根據(jù)survey和和compare之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知選擇之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知選擇B項(xiàng)，相當(dāng)項(xiàng)，相當(dāng)于于which compares專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）9.2011福建卷福建卷 Tsinghu