1、句子成分構成句子的各個局部叫做句子成分.在英語中,句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足 語和同位語.1 .主語：主語是一個句子所表達的主體,相當于句子的主題,說明這個句 子講的是什么人或什么事,一般位于句首,但在there be結構、疑問句當主語不是疑問詞時和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面.主語 可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等充當. 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and morepopular.名詞W

2、e often speak English in class.代詞One-third of the students in this class are girls.數詞To swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式Smoking does harm to the health.動名詞The rich should help the poor.名詞化的形容詞When we are going to have an English teshas not been decided.主語從句 Itjs necessary to master a foreig

3、n language. it 作形式主語, 真正的主語 為后面的不定式2 .謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態.動詞在句中作謂 語,一般放在主語之后.謂語的構成如下：3 1簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成.例如： He practices running every morning.4 2復合謂語：a由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成.例如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.b由系動詞加表語構成例如： We are students3 .表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態,它一般位

4、于系動詞如 be, become,get, look, grow, turn, seem等之后.表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、 數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示.例如： Our teacher of English is anAmerican.名詞Is it yours?代詞The weather has turneobold.形容詞The speech isexciting.分詞Three times seven i-wenty one?數詞 His job is to teach English.不定式His hobby 愛好is playing football.

5、動名詞The machinemust be out of order.介詞短語Time is up. The class isover.副詞The truth is that he has never been abroad 表語從句4 .賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面.例 如：They went to see anexhibition 展覽yesterday.名詞The heavy rain preventedme form coming to school on time.代詞 How many dictionaries do you have? I have

6、five.數詞They helped the old with their housework yesterday .名詞化形容詞 He pretendednot to see me 不定式短語I enjoy listening to popular music.動名詞短語I think that he is fit for his office.賓語從句 賓語種類：1雙賓語間接賓語+直接賓語,例如：Lend me your dictionary , please.2復合賓語賓語+賓補,例如：They elected him their monitor.5 .補足語賓語補足語和主語補足語：a賓

7、語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個 賓語補語才能使句子的意義完整.帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動 詞如make等+賓語+賓補.賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、 介詞短語和從句充當.例如： His father named him Dongming.名詞They painted their boatwhite.形容詞Let the fresh air in.副詞You mustn,t force hitm lend his money to you.不定式短語We saw herentering the room 現在分詞短語We found eve

8、rything in the lab in good order.介詞短語We will soon make our city what your city is now.從旬b主語補足語：補充說明主語的叫主語補足語.1. The poet Li He died young. =The poet Li He died and he was young.詩人李賀年輕時就死了.形容詞2. He returneda hero. = He returned and he was a hero.他回來時成了一個英雄.名詞6 .定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語.定語可由以下等成分 表不：Gui

9、lin is a beautiful city.形容詞China is adeveloping country; America is a developedcountry.分詞There are thirty women teachers is our school.名詞His rapid progress in English made us surprised代詞Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom 不定式短語The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.動名

10、詞He is reading an articleabout how to learn English.介詞短語7 .狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作發生的時間,地點, 條件,目的,原因等,或說明動作的狀態特征的句子成分叫做狀語.例如：Light travels most quickly.副詞及副詞性詞組He has lived in the city for ten years.介詞短語He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examinatio X.不定式 短語He is in the room ma

11、king a model plane.分詞短語Wait a minute.名詞Once you begin,you must continue.狀語從句狀語種類如下：How about meeting againat six?時間狀語Last night she didnt go to the dancecartyeof the rain.原因狀語I shall go there if it doesn t 脩推犬語 Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地點狀語She put the eggs into the basket with great car e方式

12、狀語She came inwith a dictionary in her hand.伴隨狀語In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目 的狀語He was so. tired that he fell asleep immediately.結果狀語She works very hardthough she is 01d.讓步狀語I am taller than he is.比擬狀語【邊講邊練】一.分析以下句子中劃線局部的句子成分： My. brother hasnt done his homework.2D They

13、smiled happily. He gave me a book yesterday. They made him monitor of the class. If you go across the bridge you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful to learn English after you leave school.Th They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.8 ) He is a qualified teache門n our scho

14、ol.9 Some of the students want to go swimming三簡單句的五種根本句型five Basic Sentence Patterns英語中句子無論怎樣變化,歸根結底都是由以下五種根本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的：1主+謂不及物動詞I work.我工作.2主+謂及物動詞+賓She studies English.她學英語.3主+謂及物動詞+問賓+直賓例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳.4主+謂及物動詞 +賓+賓補 Time would prove me right.時間會 證實我是對的.5主+系動詞+表Jo

15、hn is busy.約翰忙.說明：在主系表結構中,系動詞有兩類需要區別對待：一類是 be動詞.另 一類是其它系動詞主要是感官動詞和使役動詞.如：get, become, go, turn, grow, sound, look, taste, smell, seem, appear, remain, keep, stay, prov#,后面一般跟形 容詞或由動詞+ing或ed變化而來的形容詞做表語, 而become還可以跟名詞和 過去分詞作表語.例如：The weather isgetting cold and cold with the season coming into the wint

16、er.隨著冬天的來臨,天氣越來越冷了.He hasbecomea college student. 他已經成了一名大學生.Soon the roombecomecrowed.不久,房子就很擁擠了.The food goes bad 食物變質了.The leaves of treesturn green in spring. 樹葉春天變綠了.The wind sounds strong 風聲聽起來很大.He 100ks younger than he is.他看起來比實際年齡要小.The dish tastes good. 這道菜很好吃.He seems ill today. 他似乎病了.The

17、 situation remained unchanged 情況未發生變化.Mary keeps silentin the discussion.討論中瑪麗保持沉默.四there be句型和have has表示 宥的不同1 .“There皿表達 宥時,說明的是 存在關系,即 有某物在某處, 如：There are so many people on the playground.(操場上有許多人).“Have/has 表宥時,表示所屬關系；即某物為某人所擁有或局部是整體的一局部 如：I have a house with a beautiful garden.我有套帶花園的房子.The bui

18、lding has thirty rooms.這棟樓有三十個房間.2 .根據句意的需要,“there be(J型的結構還有如下一些變化形式：There is going to be/There will be G等有)There used to be 曾經有)There seems to be 似乎(有)There happen(s) to be (a) 碰巧有()There live (s) /lie (s) /stand (s) /stay (s) /exist(s)/ 有運用“there be(J型常犯的錯誤形式有如下兩種：(1) There have /has many people in my family.俁)There are many people in my family. (E)(2)There is n