1、3、作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語、表語可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is yourtask.)What I hate most is be ing laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Bei ng laughed atis what I hate most.)4、作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walk ing stick= a stic

2、k for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk inga wash ing mach in e=a mach ine for wash in g=a mach ine which is used for wash inga readi ng room=a room for read in g=a room which is used for readi nga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleep ing pills=pills fo

3、r sleep in g=pills which is used for sleep ing賓語補足語：某些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合 賓語。而復合賓語的第一部分通常由名詞或代詞充當，第二部分表示第一部分的名詞或代詞 發出的動作或身份、特征等，稱為賓語補足語。rm going to paint it pink.句子中的it顯然是賓語。但是主語將要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。 pink是句子中的賓語補足語。它和賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，也就是說從邏輯上來講，是執行了 paint的動作。句子中的pink是形容詞做賓語補足語。能夠

4、充當賓補的還有賓語補足語的大致有：不定式，現在分詞，過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介賓短語等。一般情況下，賓補通常緊跟在賓語之后。賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞 之后。1. 作動詞的賓語由that引導的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?，例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2)由what, whether (if)引導的賓語從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happe ned.2) I won der whether you can cha nge this note for me

5、.(3)動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語例如：I am afraid (that) I' ve made a mistake.That引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：An xious, aware, certa in, con fide nt, convin ced, determ in ed, glad,

6、proud, surprised, worried, sorry, tha nkful, ashamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, con te nt等。也可以將此類詞后的 that從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. It可以作為形式賓語It不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married n ext mon th.5. 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞這類動詞有Allow, refu

7、se, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate,dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于"動詞+間接賓語+ that從句"結構中，常見的有Envy, order, accuse,refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, con gratulate等。例如：He impressed the man ager as an hon est man. (right)He impressed the man ager that he was an hon est man. (wrong)7. 否定的轉移若主句謂語動詞為 Think, con sider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy