1、 賓語從句賓語從句敦煌三中敦煌三中 劉宏歧劉宏歧1.什么是賓語從句？什么是賓語從句？2.賓語從句的連接詞賓語從句的連接詞3.賓語從句的語序和時態賓語從句的語序和時態 4.賓語從句與簡單句的轉換賓語從句與簡單句的轉換the Object Clause 賓語從句賓語從句主句主句I think that you are excited.連接詞連接詞賓語從句賓語從句 由一個從句在句子中作賓語，這個句子由一個從句在句子中作賓語，這個句子就叫賓語從句。在句子中充當及物動詞就叫賓語從句。在句子中充當及物動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語、形容詞的賓語的賓語、介詞的賓語、形容詞的賓語 For example: 1. I

2、know (that) she lives here. 2. Father is thinking of how we can get to the station? 3. I am sorry (that) I am late for class. 賓語從句三要素：賓語從句三要素：連接詞連接詞Conjunctions語序語序Word order時態時態 Tense 賓語從句的三種類型賓語從句的三種類型1. 由由that引導；引導；2. 由連接代詞由連接代詞who, what, which, whose和連和連 接副詞接副詞when, where, why, how等引導；等引導；3.由由if

3、 或或whether引導。引導。 We all say (that)Lao Wang is a good friend.We all say. Lao Wang is a good friend.Im sure. You have seen that book before.Im sure(that)you have seen that book before.注意情況之一注意情況之一 連接詞的選擇連接詞的選擇 ： 1. 由陳述句變來的賓語從句，用連詞由陳述句變來的賓語從句，用連詞 that 等等 引導，并引導，并 且在口語中常常省略此詞：且在口語中常常省略此詞： 2.當賓語從句由一般疑問句變

4、來時，當賓語從句由一般疑問句變來時， 須用連詞須用連詞if 或者或者whether引導，意思為引導，意思為“是否是否”，表示選擇。，表示選擇。For example:1. Could you tell us? Will he ready come here?Could you tell us if (whether) he will really come here?2. Is the Summer Palace open now? Could you tell me?Could you tell me if (whether) the Summer Palace is open now. 注

5、意：注意：whether 或或 if 兩詞可以互用。但是兩詞可以互用。但是 whether 可以和可以和 or not 連用，而連用，而 if 不能。不能。3.當賓語從句由特殊疑問句變來時，則用連接當賓語從句由特殊疑問句變來時，則用連接代詞代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞和連接副詞when, where, why, how等引導。它們均是充當一定成等引導。它們均是充當一定成分，一般不可省略。分，一般不可省略。For example:Could you tell me? Where is the post office? Could you tell me where

6、 the post office is?注意：連接詞與其后名詞構成短語時則不可拆注意：連接詞與其后名詞構成短語時則不可拆開使用。開使用。 what time, which room, how many people.等。等。 I dont know which bus I should take. Do you know what time it is? 注意情況之二注意情況之二語序語序 ：若由一般疑問句或特殊疑問句變為賓語從句，應該若由一般疑問句或特殊疑問句變為賓語從句，應該用陳述句語序。具體如下：當助動詞是用陳述句語序。具體如下：當助動詞是 does 或或 did 時，要去掉助動詞，并把動

7、詞恢復為第三人稱單數時，要去掉助動詞，并把動詞恢復為第三人稱單數形式或過去式；當是其它的助動詞時，則要把這些形式或過去式；當是其它的助動詞時，則要把這些助動詞放在主語的后面。助動詞放在主語的后面。 I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry t

8、he box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .注意情況之三注意情況之三 時態的變化時態的變化 1. 當主句是一般現在時，賓語從句的時態可以當主句是一般現在時，賓語從句的時態可以 根據句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態。根據句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態。 I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that

9、 ) he is interested in English . 2.當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應 的過去的某一種時態，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。的過去的某一種時態，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.

10、當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存 在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態的限制，仍是用一在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態的限制，仍是用一 般現在時態。般現在時態。 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. The teacher told us light travels faster th

11、an sound.注意情況之四注意情況之四標點符號：標點符號：賓語從句末尾的標點符號由主句決定，不受從句的賓語從句末尾的標點符號由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號；限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號；而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。 He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me what color you like best . Would you please tell the teach

12、er how old you are ? 注意情況之五注意情況之五賓語從句的否定形式賓語從句的否定形式 ： 一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是 think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose 等表示等表示“認為，猜想認為，猜想”的心里活動的詞時，一般要把的心里活動的詞時，一般要把賓賓語從句中的否定式轉移到主句中，即否定轉移語從句中的否定式轉移到主句中，即否定轉移。I dont think its going to rain . I don

13、t believe she will lend you the money . 連接代詞連接代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞和連接副詞 when, where, why, how等引導的表語從句可等引導的表語從句可 以變為連接代詞或連接副詞加動詞不定式的以變為連接代詞或連接副詞加動詞不定式的 形式。形式。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station. Could you tell me how to go to the station. I dont know which one I should choose. I

14、 dont know which one to choose. 注意情況之六注意情況之六 注意情況之七注意情況之七 賓語從句中的特殊情形賓語從句中的特殊情形 ： 在把簡單句變為復合句的練習中，千萬要注意在把簡單句變為復合句的練習中，千萬要注意 1) 句式的轉變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語句式的轉變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語 從從 句改寫，而應該用句改寫，而應該用 “ ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. ” 的句式。的句式。 Dont open the door . The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me not to

15、open the door . 2) 代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變為賓語從代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變為賓語從 句句 時，我們就應該考慮代詞的變化。時，我們就應該考慮代詞的變化。 Lucy says ,“ I come from Canada ”. Lucy says that she comes from Canada . 1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball a

16、t six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9.

17、 I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13.

18、 Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do

19、 they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting? He asked if they liked to make friends with them

20、. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked whe

21、n he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 專項練習專項練習 1. Do you know how much hot water? AMum is needed B. does Mum need CMum needsD. did Mum need 2. Can you tell me? A. where he is B. where is he C. he is where

22、D. what is he 3. I didnt know how to London? A. would they goB. are they going C. they would goD. they are going 4. I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5. Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news 6. _ is