1、2021/8/52021/8/52l英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者；被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。l主動語態： 人民創造歷史。l The people make history.l被動語態： 歷史是人民創造的。l History is made by the people.2021/8/53l1 1、構成、構成l（1）肯定式： be + 過去分詞l在使用中，被動語態還有“人稱、數、情態動詞搭配、時態”等問題，這些都在be動詞上作形式上的變化。2021/8/54l規則動詞的過去分詞規則動詞的過去分詞l（1 1）一般情況下，在動詞原形后加）一般情況下，在動詞

2、原形后加eded。l（2 2）以不發音的）以不發音的e e結尾的加結尾的加d d。l（3 3）以輔音加）以輔音加y y結尾的，把結尾的，把y y變變i i加加ededl（4 4）以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字）以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母時，先雙寫輔音字母，再加母時，先雙寫輔音字母，再加ededlwatch-watched practice-practicedwatch-watched practice-practicedlstudy-studied stop-stoppedstudy-studied stop-stopped2021/8/55l不規則動詞的過去分詞不規則動

3、詞的過去分詞lam / is /are -beenam / is /are -beenlhave / has -hadhave / has -hadldo -donedo -donelgo -gonego -gonelwrite -writtenwrite -written2021/8/562021/8/57l（2）疑問式：be + n. +過去分詞l Is rice grown here?l 這兒種水稻嗎？l（3）否定式：n.+be+not+過去分詞l Rice is not grown here.l 這兒不種水稻。l（4）帶有情態動詞的被動語態：l 情態動詞+be+過去分詞l The wo

4、rk must be done at once.l 這工作必須馬上做。2021/8/58l（5）帶有不定式的被動語態：l to be +過去分詞l Little Tom would love to be taken to the theater this evening.l 小湯姆愿意今天晚上被帶到劇院。2021/8/59l2 2、用法、用法l（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰l Her watch was stolen last night.l 她的手表昨晚被偷了。l Thousands of trees are planted every year.l 每年都種成千上萬的樹。l（2

5、）突出或強調動作的承受者l Wang Hong may be chosen monitor of our class.l 王紅可能被選為我們班的班長。2021/8/510l3 3、主動語態變為被動語態要注意的幾個問題、主動語態變為被動語態要注意的幾個問題l （1）時態應保持不變lThey will spend almost 100 million yuan on the project.lAlmost 100 million yuan will be spent on the project.l 這項工程要花近一億元。2021/8/511l（2）及物動詞一般均可構成被動語態，不及物動詞不能構成

6、被動語態，但某些不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構成固定短語時，若有賓語，可用被動語態。lThey are singing happily.l 他們在高興地唱歌。lThey listened to the teacher carefully.l他們仔細地聽老師講。（listen為不及物動詞，但這兒加了介詞to,可帶賓語，因此可改為被動語態）lThe teacher was listened to carefully.l人們仔細地聽老師講。2021/8/512l（3）含有復合賓語的主動句，使用其被動句式時，只需把賓語變為主語，補足語部分留在原位不動。lOur troop made the enemy gi

7、ve up fighting.l我們的部隊迫使敵人停止戰斗。lThe enemy was made to give up fighting.l敵人被迫停止戰斗。 2021/8/513l（4）有些短語動詞，由“動詞+介（副）詞”或由“動詞+名詞+介詞”構成（如：set up, carry out, send for, take care of等），可以有被動語態。注意短語動詞是一個整體。lThey sent for the doctor immediately.l他們立刻去請醫生。lThe doctor was sent for immediately.l立刻就派人去請醫生了。lWe shoul

8、d carry out the plan.l我們應該執行計劃。lThe plan should be carried out.l計劃應該執行。2021/8/514l1、某些由及物動詞轉化來的不及物動詞，如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等，常和副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用，用主動結構表示被動含義。lThis pen writes smoothly.l這筆寫起來很流暢。lIn hot weather meat wont keep

9、 long.l熱天，肉不能長時間存放。lThe door cant open.l這門打不開。lThe cloth washes well.l這種布料好洗。2021/8/515l有些動詞，如cook, print, do等，常用主動結構的進行時表示被動含義。lThe cakes are baking.l蛋糕正在烤。lThe lunch is cooking.l午飯正在燒。lThe book is printing.l這本書在排印中。lFish is selling briskly.l魚很暢銷。2021/8/516l2、動詞need, require, want, deserve, be wort

10、h+V.ing的主動結構表示被動含義。lWho said the boy deserves punishing?l誰說這男孩該受到懲罰？l3、某些系動詞，如feel, prove, smell, taste,sound等，加上形容詞，也可用主動語態表示被動意義。lYour suggestion proved quite effective.l你的建議已證明是很有效的。l4、有些以后綴-able或-ible結尾的形容詞，如：acceptable, avilable, drinkable, eatable, reliable, visible, punishable, feasible等，也可表示

11、被動意義。lYour advice is not acceptable.l你的建議是不可取的。2021/8/517l5、某些介詞短語，如under discussion, under consideration, on display, on sale, under arrest, on trial, in dispute等，也可用主動結構表示被動含義。lSome fresh vegetables have been on sale.l一些新鮮的蔬菜已經上市出售。2021/8/518l1、被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，表動作；系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，表狀態。lThese books a

12、re sold quickly.l這些書售得快。（被動結構）lThese books are all sold out.l這些書全賣完了。（系表結構）2021/8/519l2、被動結構可以跟by短語，而系表結構則一般不用by短語。lThe old lady was very excited at hearing the news.l聽到這個消息，老婦人很興奮。lWhen the dam was finished, many of the temples would be covered by the waters of the new lake.l在水壩建成之后，其中有許多寺廟將會被湖水淹沒。

13、（被動結構）2021/8/520l3、系表結構中的過去分詞可被very等副詞修飾；被動結構中的過去分詞可用much修飾。lThe husband was very agitated about his wifes health.l丈夫對妻子的健康狀況深感不安。lThe driver was much agitated by the young mans death in the car accident.l在這次車禍中，那個年輕人的死，使司機深感不安。（被動結構）2021/8/521l4、系表結構中的過去分詞常常有其固定的介詞搭配，被動結構則沒有lEach stone was marked w

14、ith a number.l每塊石頭上都標有號碼。lI was surprised at his coming.l我感到奇怪，他竟然來了。lMany people are interested in American country music.l許多人都對美國鄉村音樂感興趣。2021/8/522l1、Many accidents_by careless drivers last year.lA. are caused B. were causedlC. have caused D. will cause B B2021/8/523l2、Today a lot of information c

15、an_online.lA. receive B. be receivedlC. is received D. receivingB B2021/8/524l3、In many places in China, the old over 90_not only by their family but also by the government.lA. is taking good carelB. are taken good care oflC. is taking good care oflD. are taken good careB B2021/8/525l4、These books s

16、hould _to the library on time.lA. send B. be returnedlC. give back D. be got backB B2021/8/526l5、An official _by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.lA. is interviewinglB. is interviewedlC. was interviewinglD. was interviewedD D2021/8/527l6、A Disneyland Park(迪斯尼樂園)_in Shanghai Pudo

17、ng New Area in the near future.lA. builds B. has builtlC. will build D. will be builtD D2021/8/528l7、Another new railway station_in Changsha in 2011.lA. was built lB. buildlC. will be builtC2021/8/529l8、-Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?l-No decision yet. I think it_after discussi

18、ng with my PE teacher.lA. will be decidedlB. will decidelC. was decidedlD. is decidedA2021/8/530l9、Another two months will be needed before the new bridge_.lA. completeslB. is completedlC. has completedlD. will be completedB2021/8/531l10、-Can you sing this English song?l-Of course. I can. It_many times on the radio.lA. taughtlB. has taughtlC. is taughtlD. has been taughtD2021/8/532l11.-Are you going to the party?l-No, because I_.lA. have askedlB. havent askedlC. have been askedlD. havent been askedD2021/8/5