1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載透析中考英語語法主謂一致考點(diǎn)【語法概說】【主謂一致命題趨勢與預(yù)測】 根據(jù)對主謂一致部分全國各地試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為:1、 主謂一致的語法一致原則2、 主謂一致的整體一致原則3、 主謂一致的就近一致原則4、 主謂一致的意義一致原則5、 主謂一致的附加原則【考點(diǎn)詮釋】一、由 or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not onlybut also. , whether.or 等連接并歹 U 主語時(shí)，常采用就近原貝 U，動 詞與最靠近的主語保持一致。【考例】 Not only Jim but also his sist

2、er_ a few cities in the south since they came to China .臨沂市A . will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD . visited答案B .解析本題既考查時(shí)態(tài)，又考查并列連詞 not only . . but also 的用法。由時(shí)間狀語 si nee they came to Chi na ,可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A、D 兩項(xiàng)；not only . but also 連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用“就近原則。Neither Jim nor his cousins_to America, bu

3、t_ of them know the country very well. 07年濰坊市 A. have been；allB. have been; bothC has been; allD . has been; both答案B .解析考查 neither . . . nor 的用法，以及 both 與 all 的區(qū)別。neithernor 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語用“就近 原則” ,cousins 是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用 have been,排除 C 和 D 項(xiàng)；指兩者用 both。二、 the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主語是 the number（數(shù)量）,謂語動詞用單數(shù);a number

4、of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主語是復(fù)數(shù)名 詞,anumber of 作定語，相當(dāng)于 many,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。【考例】Look! There_ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. （2004 包頭）A. are a nu mber of deerB. are a nu mber of deers C. is a nu mber of deer D. is a nu mber of deers答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個(gè)句子的主語是a nu mber of deer,是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（deer 單復(fù)數(shù)相同）The numbe

5、r of_ in our class_ fifty. （2004 山東煙臺）A. stude nt, isB. the stude nts, are C. the stude nts, isD. stude nts, are答案：C試題解析:the number of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故應(yīng)選C。三、 動詞不定式、動名詞以及名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。【考例】As the saying_ ,Where there is a will; there is a way.昆明市A. goB. goesC. goingD. went答案B .解析the say

6、ing 為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞用goes。但 what 從句作主語而表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。What we badly n eed here are experie need teachers.我們這里急需的是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。四、and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語。【考例】Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful. 陜西省A. is pla ntedB. was pla ntedC. are pla ntedD.were pla nted答案C .解析every year 說明本句表示的是一般現(xiàn)

7、在時(shí)的概念，去掉B、D 項(xiàng)；trees and flowers 表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，所以選 C 項(xiàng)。五、表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、體積或數(shù)字等的詞語作主語且表示總量時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。【考例】-How much_ the shoes? -Five dollars_eno ugh .年青島市A . is； isB are； isC . are； areD . is； are答案B .解析答案為 B。shoes 作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；five dollars 是一個(gè)整體，應(yīng)按單數(shù)對待。How time flies! Ten years_ passed. （2004 天津）A. have B. ha

8、s C. is D. are答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years 通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。六、就近原則-There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick-All right, Mum. 福州市學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A. isB. areC. wasD. were答案A.解析本題考查there be”句型中 be 的數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)，be 在數(shù)上要與最近的主語保持一致.句子的主語是不可數(shù)名詞，所以 be 應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式，B、D 兩項(xiàng)可以排除。Not only Jim but also his sist

9、er_a few cities in the south since they came to China . 07 臨沂市A . will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD . visited答案B .解析本題既考查時(shí)態(tài)，又考查并列連詞 not only . but also 的用法。由時(shí)間狀語 si nee they came to Chi na , 可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A、D 兩項(xiàng)；not only . but also 連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用“就近原則。Neither Jim nor his cousins_ to America,

10、 but_ of them know the country very well. 07 年濰坊市 A. have been；a11B. have been; bothC has been; allD . has been; both答案B .解析考查 neither . . . nor 的用法，以及 both 與 all 的區(qū)別。neithernor 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語用“就近 原則” ,cousins 是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用 have been,排除 C 和 D 項(xiàng)；指兩者用 both。【語法回顧】主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫

11、做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：1. 語法一致的原則2. 意義一致的原則3. 鄰近一致（就近一致）的原則一、語法形式一致的原則即在語法形式上取得一致。如：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但須注意下列幾種情況：1、 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Much land has bee n deserted in this area in the past few years.在過去的幾年中，這個(gè)地區(qū)的許多土地已經(jīng)沙化。To start smoking is quite easy, but to give

12、 it up needs courage.開始吸煙很容易，但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣。Readi ng En glish n ewspapers is a good way of improv ing you En glish.閱讀英文報(bào)紙是提高你英語水平的好方法。What you n eed most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺。How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么至 U 那兒去還是個(gè)問題。注意：由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語是“復(fù)數(shù)或what 從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的

13、并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時(shí)，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：What I bought were three English books.我買的是三本英語書。What I say and do is （are） helpful for you.我所說的和做的對你是有幫助的。2、由 and 或 bothand 來連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好運(yùn)動。He and I were classmates whe n we were at college.他和我在上大學(xué)時(shí)是同學(xué)。Both John and Ann have

14、 got pen-friends.約翰和安都有筆友。Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周蘭和楊蓓都愛好體育。注意1） 但是，并列主語如果表示同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式（這時(shí)and 后的名詞前沒有冠詞）。例如：The man ager and secretary was abse nt at the meeti ng 經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會議。The man ager and the secretary are busy now.經(jīng)理和書記現(xiàn)在都很忙。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他們的老師

15、和朋友是李先生。2）由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no, each, every 或 many a , morethan one 修飾時(shí)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我們國家里，每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有權(quán)禾 U 受教 育。Each man and each woma n is asked to help.每個(gè)男士和婦女都被請來幫忙。Many a stude nt is havi ng practice in that factory.

16、許多學(xué)生正在那家工廠實(shí)習(xí)。More than one student is interested in the book.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對這本書感興趣。注意在“ more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，若在There be 句型中，亦可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is/are more tha n one man here. 這兒不止一個(gè)人。3、 如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有（together） with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載than ,as much

17、 as, more than , along with in addition to 等介詞短語，其謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：An En glish teacher together with some stude nts has climbed to the top of the mountain. 位英語老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬 到了山頂。Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.瑪麗和她的朋友都喜歡這幅畫。No one except my close friends knows anything abo

18、ut this matter. 除了我的親密朋友誰也不知道這件事。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和湯姆那樣她很高。4、不定代詞 each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)Each （of us） takes a cup of coffee.（我們）每人喝一杯咖啡。Every one knows smok ing cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸煙不禾 U 于身體健康。Nothing is to be done 沒有什么要干的

19、事。Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每個(gè)人必須遵守學(xué)校規(guī)則，任何人違反了規(guī)則將受到懲罰。2）若后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) 都可以。例如：None of the sugar was left.沒有剩下什么糖了。None of us has （have） been to America.我們中沒有人去過美國。5.不定代詞 none 以及由none/either/neither + of+復(fù)數(shù)合詞（或代詞）構(gòu)成的短語

20、作主語時(shí)，謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，這取決于說話人的意思。當(dāng)說話人著眼于“每一個(gè)都不.”或“兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)都不.”時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)說話者著眼于“所有的都不 .”或“兩個(gè)中的全部都不.”時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：None know when that was.（強(qiáng)調(diào)所有的人）沒人知道這是什么時(shí)候的事。None is so good as he.（強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人）沒有人像他那么好。None of them have / has a car.他們都沒有小汽車。（他們沒有一個(gè)人有小汽車。）Neither of them know / knows the answer.他們兩個(gè)全都不知道答案。（他們兩個(gè)人

21、誰也不知道答案。）Neither of the article is （are ） interesting.其中沒有哪篇文章有趣。Neither of them have replied.他們兩個(gè)誰也沒有答復(fù)。Neither of them has replied.他們兩個(gè)誰也沒有答復(fù)。5、 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞 that, who, which 等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)，應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那聲音聽起來就像有一列火車從我的房子底下開過似的。People who

22、 study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人認(rèn)為不久將還有一次大的地震。The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在樹上的那匹馬是約翰的。Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的請把名字簽在這兒。Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人類使用的一些能源來自太陽。注意在以“ one

23、of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為先行詞的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果“one ofthe +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)前有the only 之類的修飾語時(shí)，其從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：This is one of the questio ns that have bee n asked by the stude nts.這是學(xué)生提出的許多問題的一個(gè)。Bob is one of my friends who are helpi ng me with En glish. 鮑勃是幫助我英語的朋友之一。He is the only one of the officers who was

24、in vited to the ball here.他是辦公室唯一收到邀請參加舞會的人。The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Espera nton.校長是老師中唯一懂得世界語的人。6、 “ a lot of （lots of, plenty of, a head of, heaps of, the rest （majority ） of , some（many , anymore,most, all 等）of+ +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of 后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：Some of u

25、s do not know much about the theatre.我們中有一些人還不太懂得戲劇。Some （of the sugar） is wet.有些（糖）是濕的。Most of the stude nts in our class are league. 我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團(tuán)員。Most of the food tastes delicious.大多數(shù)食物味道很好。Half of the work is left unfinished. 一半的工作沒有完成。Half of the apples are give n to the childre n. 半的蘋果送給孩子們。Lot

26、s of damage was caused by smok ing.許多損害是由吸煙弓丨起的。Plenty of English books are on the shelf.許多英語書在書架上。注意：1） all 單獨(dú)作主語表示“人”時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；表示“整個(gè)事件或事情”時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。女口：All are present.所有的人都出席了。（表人）All is well. 一切都好。（表示整個(gè)事情或情況）。例如:學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2） “ a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)形式。例如：A lar

27、ge number of buildings were burnt down. 許多樓房被毀了。A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我們班有些學(xué)生到湖邊去了。The number of students in our school is 2500.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是 2500 名。The number of books on women published in China is growing.在中國，有關(guān)婦女書籍出版數(shù)目在增加。The number of wagging dances per minute told

28、the exact distanee to the feeding place.每分鐘擺尾的次數(shù)表明了至 U 喂食處 的精確距離。7、 由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +of +名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of 后面的名詞（短語）保 持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.這個(gè)國家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在場的三分之二的人反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。More than 70 percent of the surfa

29、ce of our earth is covered by water.我們地球的 70%的表面被水所覆蓋。30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我們班的 30%是女生。8、 如果主語是由a kind of,或 this/that kind of, a series （ a species） of， a pair of 等 + 名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.這種人是危險(xiǎn)的。Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?這種汽車是上海制

30、造的嗎？There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花園里有玫瑰花。This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 這種蘋果相當(dāng)貴。That kind of sn ake/s nakes is dan gerous. 那種蛇很危險(xiǎn)。注意但there/those kinds of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。女口：There ki nds of tests are good . 這種測試很好。Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那種蘋果樹還沒

31、有長。如果種類不是一種而是多種，謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There are many kinds of pears.有很多種梨子。many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Ma ny a stude nt has been to Sha nghai.許多學(xué)生到過上海。more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More tha n one stude nt has ever bee n to Beiji ng.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the e

32、xam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。不定代詞 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one,nothing 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，Is every one here today.今天大家至 U 齊了嗎？Someth ing is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.沒有人在家二、邏輯意義一致原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。常見的有以下幾種情況：1、 表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people, pol

33、ice, cattle 等作主語時(shí)， 只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待， 謂語在任何情況下都用 復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁灘的原因之一是牲畜問題。The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain. 警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。2、以集體名詞 army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team , crew, crowd, public 等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，如果被看成是

34、其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語 就用復(fù)數(shù)。女口：Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school.在打籃球方面，我們班勝過我們學(xué)校的任何一個(gè)班。Our class are play ing a basketball match tomorrow.我們班同學(xué)明天要舉行一場籃球賽。Our family is not poor any more.我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了。My family all speak the Intuit Ianguage.我一家人都講因努伊特語。注意population 單獨(dú)使

35、用作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而前面有 some, most 或與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語時(shí)，則 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Most of the population of the city are workers.這個(gè)城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸煙。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載The populati on in our country is very large, and eighty perce nt of the populati on are farmers. 我們國家人口眾多， 而 80% 的人口是農(nóng)民。3

36、、 當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如 glasses, trousers （褲子），shoes , chopsticks（筷子），goods （貨物）scissors （剪刀），socks, compasses （圓規(guī)） ，但如果這些名詞前有 a pair of,等量詞修飾時(shí)，（clothes 被修飾 a suit of），謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Your trousers n eed wash ing.你的褲子該洗了。My glasses are new.我的眼鏡是新的。A pair of compass is an instrument f

37、or drawing circles. 圓規(guī)是畫圓的工具。A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase. 一雙新鞋在你的手提箱里。Two pairs of socks are eno ugh for me. 對我來說，兩雙襪子就足夠了。4、 由pair, piece of +名詞/代詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與pair, piece 等詞保持一致與后的代詞、名詞無關(guān)。例如：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一雙鞋。The pieces of stone were then carried to the new pla

38、ce for the temple.所有的石塊被運(yùn)至 U 新建寺廟的地方。5、當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價(jià)值等數(shù)詞短語作主語，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常被看作一個(gè)整體，其謂語用單數(shù)。女口：Twenty years is a long time to us.對于我們來說，20 年是一段很長的時(shí)間。One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英鎊是很大一筆錢。Ten miles isn a tlong distanee.1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one.5 減 4 等于 1。6、 某些形復(fù)意單的名詞（如表示人

39、名、地名、國名及組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的專有名詞和學(xué)科名詞等）作主語， 謂 語用單數(shù)。女口：Zha ngjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.張家界的確是個(gè)好地方， 它是以美麗的山而聞名的Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I thi nk. 我想，物理是一門難學(xué)的目。The Uni ted States is in North America.美國在北美洲。News is travelli ng fast nowadays.如今新聞播得很

40、快。The America n film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director. 美國影片真實(shí)的謊言是由一位世界著名的導(dǎo) 演導(dǎo)演的。7、如果主語由“ the+形容詞（分詞）”擔(dān)任時(shí)，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指個(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.The old is taken good care of in our coun try.在我們國家老人受到很好的照顧。T

41、he sick is one of the students in our class.那位病人是我們班的一個(gè)學(xué)生。The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。8、名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。 例如：The bakers is on the side of the street.理發(fā)館在街道的另一邊。My uncles is not very far from here.我叔叔的家離這兒不太遠(yuǎn)。9、數(shù)詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，但有四則運(yùn)算中，謂語單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。如:Ten is a round nu mb

42、er.十是個(gè)整數(shù)。Ten times five is / are fifty.十乘五等于五十。Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加 660 等于 1000。10.疑問代詞 who, what, which作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式取決于它產(chǎn)本身的含義。Who teaches you En glish?Who have gone there?Which is your room? Which are your rooms?11.表示數(shù)量的短語“ one and a half+名詞

43、復(fù)數(shù)”及“ a +單數(shù)名詞+ and+ a half”作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。女口:One and a half oran ges has bee n left on the table.桌子上只剩下一個(gè)半桔了。A month and a half has passed.一個(gè)半月時(shí)間過去了。12. 某些單數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；反之謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means （方法、手段）species （種類）-anee 及以-ese/-ss 結(jié)尾的表示民族的名詞等）。例如：One day this wh

44、ite sheep was lost.有一天，這只白色的綿羊丟了。There are many fish in the Jia Li ng River.嘉陵江時(shí)有很多魚。A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow. 明天有個(gè)日本人要來參觀我們學(xué)校。 We Ch in ese are realizi ng the fourmodernizati on s.我們中國人正在實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。三、就近一致原則即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。例如：1、 當(dāng) or, eitheror, neither.nor, not onlybu

45、t also. , not.but.,whetheror.等連接兩個(gè)并歹 U 主語時(shí)，謂語動 詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。例如：Either you or Lily is to do the clea ning after supper.誰教你們英語？誰都已經(jīng)去那兒了？哪一間是你的房子？哪幾間是你的房子？學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Not only the mother but also the children were there.2、 在倒裝句中如一個(gè)句子由 there 或 here 引起，而主語又不止一個(gè)，謂語動詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語保持一致。 例如：Where is your mot

46、her and youn ger sisters?There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room.3、以 here, there 開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致 There is a book and three pens on thedesk.Here are some books and paper for you.【典型例題】例 1 E-mail, as well as teleph on es,_ an importa nt part in daily com muni cati on.A. i

47、s play ingB. have played C. are play ingD. play分析：帶有 as well as 短語的名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與這個(gè)名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受 as well as 短語內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail 是單數(shù)形式，故選擇 A。例 2 Either John or his friends_to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has bee n分析：eitheror.連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞與離它最近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中 his friends 決定了謂語動詞的形式，故選擇A。例 3

48、 The con ductor and composer_ by a crowd of people.A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have bee n greeted分析：根據(jù)句意，主語部分的The con ductor and composer 是指一個(gè)人即：樂隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家，所以主語的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。例 4 The trousers_you well, madam.But the colour_me.A. fit; don suit B. fits; doesn suit C. fits; don suit D. fit;

49、doesn suit分析：trousers, clothes, glasses 等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour 是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，故選擇 D。例 5 The Smiths family, which_ rather a large one,_ very fond of their old house.A. were; wereB. was; were C. were; wasD. was; was分析：family 指家庭”為單數(shù)，指家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的 which 指家庭”謂語用 was.第 二空格后的 fondof 指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子”謂

50、語為 were,故選擇 B。例 6 He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. areC. have bee nD. has bee n分析：當(dāng)定語從句先行詞是 “one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)，其后的從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng) one 之前有 the only時(shí)，定語從句則強(qiáng)調(diào) the only one,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時(shí)間狀語for three years 表明從句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇 D。例 7 Three fifths of the

51、police_in the school near the town.A. has trained B. have trained C. has bee n trainedD. have bee n trained分析：分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police 與 train 為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故選擇D。短文改錯(cuò)片段：1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：本句中主語 Now my picture a

52、nd the prize 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞is 應(yīng)改為 are.2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stra nger at on ce.分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語動詞talked 改為 talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger 應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語 we 一致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.3. But not all in formati on are good to society.分析：主

53、語 in formation 是不可數(shù)名詞，are 應(yīng)改為 is【語法過關(guān)】學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1.How time flies! Ten years_ passed.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are2.Not only his parents but also his brother_ to the Summer Palace. They haven been back.A. have bee nB. have goneC. has bee nD. has gone3.Neither my father_ going to see the patient.A. nor I amB

54、. nor I areC. or me areD. or me is學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載4._ Look! Thereplaying with the tourists on Yinhe Square. （2004 包頭）A. are a number of deerB. are a number of deers C. is a number of deerD. is a number of deers5.The number of_in our class_ fifty.A. stude nt, isB. the stude nts, are C. the stude nts, isD. st

55、ude nts, are6.The number of the students in our class_ 54.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_ tired of havi ng one exam in ati on after ano ther .A . isB. areC. amD. be8.A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB . has offeredC . are offeredD . have offered9 . When and where to build the new fa