1、 非謂語動詞【考點一】非謂語動詞用法之不定式：（1） 動詞不定式：（to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。1、 不定式的形式： 主動 被動一般式進行式完成式否定式：1） 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作_,例如：We plan to pay a visit.2) 進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作_,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.3) 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作_,例如：I happened to have seen the film. He is pleas

2、ed to have met his friend.2、 不定式的句法功能：1） 作主語：（動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用形式主語it作形式主語）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard._2) 作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.3) 作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：（口訣）決心學會想希望，decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,拒絕設法愿假裝。Refuse,manage,care,pretend,主動答應選計劃，offer,promise,choose,p

3、lan,同意請求幫一幫。agree,ask/beg,help此外， afford,strive（斗爭）等也要用不定式作賓語。eg.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面。eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.4作賓語補足語：下列動詞后在主動語態中用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動語態中要加上to:它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看(look at,see,watch,

4、notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2聽(listen to,hear);1感覺(feel).以上動詞還可用現在分詞作賓語補足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let,make外都可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語，此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語。eg.At that time,I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing,Im sorry to have kept you waiting or such a long time. The missing

5、 boys were last seen playing near the river.動詞不定式可充當賓語補足主，關注：I saw him cross the road(變被動）=_5) 作定語：動詞不定式作定語，入在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系：A) 動賓關系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應有必要的介詞，eg.He found a good house to live_. The child has nothing to worry_.B)說明所修飾名詞的內容：We have made a

6、 plan to finish the work.C)被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：He is the first to get there.6) 作狀語：A) 表目的，He worked day and night to get the money.B) 注意不定式放名首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：判斷正誤：To save money,every means has been tried,( )To save money,he has tried every means.( )B) 表結果：He arrived late to find the train gone.此時常用only放在不定

7、式前表示強調意料之外或遺憾之情：I visited him only to find him out.C) 表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.7) 作獨立成分：常在寫作中使用，Eg.to tell the truth,to begin/start with,to be honest/frank,to be frank,to make thing worse,to sum up等。To tell the truth,this is all that I have known.【考點二】非謂語之V-ing1. V-ing的形式：語態 主動式 被動式一般

8、式完成式2. V-ing考點透析：1） 在句中的作用： 主語 賓語 定語 表語 狀語 補語動名詞現在分詞動名詞在歷年的高考中占有重要位置，是高考的熱點內容之一，其構成：doing/being done1. 用法：1）主語：Swimming is good for us. 2）賓語：I love singing. 3）表語：His hobby is collecting stamps. 4）定語：There is a swimming pool./There is a pool for swimming.其考點分布如下：1、 作主語1) _(expose)to sunlight for too

9、much time will do harm to ones skin.2) Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._(have)the answers ready will be of great help.3) _(eat)provides us with essential nutrients（營養）,while_(breathe) provides us with oxygen.必背：動詞的-ing形式的幾個常用寫作句型：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無益的后悔是沒有用的。Its

10、a waste of time arguing about it.爭論這事是浪費時間。Its no good talking to him.和他談話是沒用的。Its worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。There is no denying that.無可否認.2、 作賓語動名詞和動詞不定式都可在句子中作主語和賓語。重難點：1. 只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞：考慮建議盼原諒，consider/suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon,承認推遲沒得想。Admit,delay/put off,fancy,避免錯過繼續練，avo

11、id,miss,keep/keep on,practice,否認完成停欣賞，deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,不禁介意準逃亡.cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk此外be used to,look forward to,lead to,devote to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand（無法忍受），feel like,insist on,put off,thank you for,apologize for,be

12、busy (in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。 填一填:1) I really appreciate_(have)time to relax with you on its nice island.2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk_(lose)the good opportunity.3) The squirrel was lucky that it just miss

13、ed_(catch).4) The officers narrowly escaped_(kill)in the hot battle.5) Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_(set)up some schools for poor children.6) The letter he looked forward to_(arrive)last week.7) Isnt it time you got down to_(mark)the papers?8) -How do you deal with the disagreeme

14、nt between the company and the customers? -The key_(solve)the problem is to meet the demand_(make)by the customers.2. 既能接不定式又能接動名詞，但意思不同的動詞或詞組：forget to do sth._ forget doing sth._Remember to do sth._ remember doing sth._Regret to do sth._ regret doing sth._Stop to do sth._ stop doing sth._Try to do

15、 sth._ try doing sth._Mean to do sth._ mean doing sth._Go on to do sth._ go on doing sth._Cant help to do sth._ cant help doing sth._ 填一填:1) -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well,now I regret_(do)that.2) In some parts of London,missing a bus means_(wait)for another hour.3)

16、 Do you remember_(meet)me at a party last year?3. 在動詞need,want,require之后，可以用動名詞的主動式作賓語，表達被動意義；而其后接動詞不定式時，須用被動式表達被動意義。eg.The library needs_(clean),but itll have to wait until Sunday.3、 做定語1. V-ing形式作前置定語，表示用途，即“用來做.”或表示性質，即“.的”eg.reading room閱覽室 swimming pool游泳池 The exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring spee

17、ch令人乏味的演出2. V-ing短語作后置定語，往往表示正在發生或與謂語動詞同時發生的動作，其作用相當于一個定語從句。eg.The man standing by the window(=_)is our teacher. The man breaking the law(=_)was sentenced to death.1) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_(read)”Sorry to miss you,Ill call later.”2) The girl_(sit)under that tree is

18、my sister.4、 V-ing作狀語用法1. 現在分詞的主動式表示動作是由句子主語發出，而被動式表明主語承受該動作。eg._(notice)by so many people,she felt nervous,_(not know)what to say.2. 現在分詞在句中作狀語時可表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨和結果等。通常可以改為相應的從句或并列句。eg.Walking along the street,he met his old friend.=_ Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.

19、=_Seeing from the top of hill,you will find the city more beautiful.=_All the students sat in the classroom,waiting for their new English teacher.=_My parents went to the park yesterday,leaving me alone at home.=_注意：當分詞在句中作結果狀語，其邏輯主語為前面整個句字時。eg.European football is played in80 countries,making it th

20、e most popular sport in the world.【考點三】非謂語之過去分詞過去分詞考點透視1、 作表語過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，而是表示主語的狀態或思想感情等。eg.He looked worried after reading the letter.看完之后，他顯得很憂慮。 When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.當我們聽到這件事后，被深深地感動了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽到這個想法，他似乎很高興。 The door remained locked. (Rem

21、ain仍然是=seem=appear+-ed/-ing)1) _(surprise)and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.2) _(lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.3) _(tire)of playing football,he went back to the classroom.4) _(face)with difficulty,he rushed forward bravely.常見的作表語的過去分詞有：Be worried about,be f

22、aced with,be devoted to,be born in,be involved in,be pleased with,Be married to,be surprised at/by,be interested in,be satisfied with2、 過去分詞作定語考點透視1. 過去分詞作定語，作用相當于一個被動語態定語從句。eg.The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.=_2. 單個過去分詞作定語常放在所修飾的名詞之前。eg.They decided to change the used mater

23、ial,3. 過去分詞常表示動作發生的時間早于謂語動詞，或者沒有時間性，只表示被動關系。eg.The question discussed(=_)is very important.(既表被動又表完成） I dont like to see letters written(=_)in pencil(沒有一定的時間性，只表被動 )4. 注意過去分詞與其它非謂語形式作定語的區別：The meeting being held(=_)now is very important.The meeting held(=_)yesterday is very important.The meeting to

24、be held(=_)tomorrow is very important.3、 過去分詞作狀語考點透視現在分詞在句中作狀語時可表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨和結果等。通常可以改為相應的從句或并列句。eg.1.Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.=_ 2.When heated,water can be changed into steam.=_ 3.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.=_ 4.Th

25、e hunter left his house,followed by his dog.=_ 5.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.=_填一填1） As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers_(buy)by her mother.2) The first textbooks_(write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century.3) D

26、ont use words,expressions phrases_(know)only to people with specific knowledge.4) Prices of daily goods_(buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.5) Most of the artists_(invite)to the party were from South Africa.6) From the date_(mark)on the gold coin,we decided that it was made five h

27、undred years ago.非謂語在語法填空題中【解題技巧】 當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列，該動詞就是非謂語動詞。動名詞（表一般意義）或不定式形式（表具體意義）作目的的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，用不定式；作伴隨狀語或定語，要根據與邏輯主語的關系，用現在分詞或過去分詞en時也要根據名式搭配來確定，如：see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.,spend.doing sth.等。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有謂語，也不是作并列謂語時，應為非謂語動詞。第二步：根據非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂

28、語動詞形式。如作目的狀語一般 用不定式形式，作主語或賓語用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy,finish等動詞后作賓語用ing形式，在decide,refuse等動詞后作賓語要用不定式形式等等。第三步：確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語是主動還是被動關系。第四步：根據非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作發生的先后關系確定用一般式還是用完成式。填一填1) I noticed a man_(sit) at the front.2) He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.3) “In the beginning,there was o

29、nly a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always_(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”4) She wished that he was as easy_(pleased)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.5) For example,the Proverb,

30、”plucking up a crop_(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.6) While she was getting me_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.7) Freud was one of the first scientists_(make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activit

31、ies_(base)in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams_(search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems,He also tried hypnosis(催眠）.He wanted to see if _(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease_(trouble)minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound eady.His method involved_(sit)with his patients and_(listen)to their talk.He had them_(talk