1、精品資料歡迎下載被動語態鞏固 （翻譯專練）明白漢英被動表達的差異中同學學習英語被動語態最易顯現的錯誤是，在很多該用被動語態的地方沒有用；比如同學常常說出這樣的句子： the classroom has cleaned.這是由于 漢語被字句的使用頻率很低 ，同學習慣于“教室打掃潔凈了 ”等無形式標記被動句的表達法，對譯成英語，也就忘了該用被動語態； 深一層的緣由是漢語史上被字句一般用來表示不開心或遺憾的事情； 比如人們一般問： “老師夸獎（你）了沒有？ ”而不大說： “你被老師夸獎了沒有？ ”一般說： “（我）又被老師批判了； ”而不大說： “老師又批判我了； ”（這句話的意思似乎是老師批判得不

2、合適； ）再如： “蛋糕被貓吃掉了； ”（隱含義是蛋糕原來是我們要吃的； ）當然，隨著本世紀以來漢語歐化句式的大量涌現， 被字句的使用頻率大大增加，很多場合的被字句也并不表示不開心，“我被老師夸獎了； ”一類句子也處處使用；但與英語相比，漢語中的被字句顯現頻率仍低了很多；另一方面，漢語中存在的大量無形式標記被動句， 假如譯成英語就必需用被動語態，但同學往往忘了使用被動語態，這是中學同學學習英語被動句時最易顯現的錯誤；比如“信寫完了 ”常被譯成 “the letter haws ritten.須設計詳細的語境， 通過大量的英漢對比翻譯，反復操練，才能加深懂得； 教室打掃潔凈了； the clas

3、sroom has been cleaned. 樹種好了； the trees have been planted. 杯子打破了；the cup was broken. 汽車撞壞了；the car was broken. 書他拿走了；the book has been taken away by him.；”對此，必漢語中有的被動句的形式標記不是“被”字，而是 “讓”、“給”、“叫”、“受”、“遭”、 “ 為 所”、“挨”、 “由”、 “使”、“把”、“得到 ”、 “獲”、 “予以”、“加以”、“經過 ”、等；那只狗叫他們給殺了；the dog was killed by them.小偷讓警察

4、抓去了；the thief was captured by a policeman.鞋子給扔了； the shoes have been thrown away.他遭了父親一頓打；he was beaten by his father.我們為那部電影所感動；we were moved by that film.很多房屋在地震中遭到了破壞； a lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake.我全部的積蓄都給偷走了； all the money i had saved was stolen.莊稼讓洪水沖垮了； the crops were washed

5、away by the flood.英語被動句譯為不帶被動標志性詞語但包含被動很多漢語句子不帶表被動意義的標志性詞語， 看上去似乎是主動句， 但實際上包含被動意義， 這樣的漢語句子的被動意義是通過其主謂成分表達的規律意義關系來確定的；羅杰，你有電話； roger, you are wanted on the phone.他的腿在一次事故中折斷了；his leg was broken in an accident.人民大會堂是在 1959 年建造的； the great hall of the people was built in 1959.印刷術是從中國傳入歐洲的；printing was

6、introduced into europe from china.英語中的被動語態使用極為廣泛，特別是在科技英語中被動語態幾乎隨處可見，這是由于：（1）被動結構比主動結構更少主觀顏色，更注意客觀事實； （2）被動結構更能突出主要特點，說明對象，引人注目；（ 3）在很多情形下被動結構比主動結構更簡短；英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態，被動語態的結構是主語+be+過去分詞，其中 be動詞表達時態，過去分詞 done 表達被動；下面以動詞do 為例，總結出各種時態的被動語態；1. 一般現在時： am is, are + done.主動語態： we clean the classroom（.

7、我們打掃教室；）被動語態： the classroom is cleaned by us（. 教室被我們打掃；）2. 一般過去時： was were + done主動語態： we cleaned the classroom last nigh（t.我們昨晚打掃了教室；）被動語態： the classroom was cleaned by us last night（.昨晚教室被我們打掃了；）3. 一般將來時： will shall / be going to be + done主動語態： we will clean the classroom tomorrow.（我們明天將打掃教室；）被動語態

8、： the classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow（. 明天教室將被我們打掃；）4. 現在進行時： am is, are being + done主動語態： we are cleaning the classroom.我們正在打掃教室； 被動語態： the classroom is being cleaned by us. 教室正被我們打掃； 5. 過去進行時： was were being + done主動語態： we were cleaning the classroom at this moment last night. 昨晚這個時候我們正在打

9、掃教室； 被動語態： the classroom was being cleaned by us at this moment last night. 昨晚這個時候教室正在被我們打掃； 6. 現在完成時： have has been + done主動語態： we have cleaned the classroom.我們已經打掃了教室； 被動語態： the classroom has been cleaned by us. 教 室已經被我們打掃了； 7. 帶情態動詞的被動語態：must can, may, should, need, would be + done主動語態： we must c

10、lean the classroom. 我們必需打掃教室； 被動語態： the classroom must be cleaned by us.教室必需被我們打掃；被動語態句子翻譯專練一般現在時 paper is made from wood. （紙是由木材生產出來的；） the jacket was made of cotton. 這件夾克衫是棉做的； yang liping is know as a great dancer.楊麗萍是公認的杰出的舞蹈家 . english is spoken in many countries all over the world. （世界上很多國家都講英

11、文； ） school meeting is held every monday. 每周一都舉辦校會； what is this flower called. 這種花叫什么花？ you are wanted on the phone. 有你的電話； a color tv is sold at the shop. 這家商店賣彩電； he is often laughed at by his classmates（他常常被同學嘲笑；） if i am given enough time, i will go to japan for my holiday. 假如我有足夠的時間，我將去日本度假；一般

12、過去時 the house was built in 1950. （這座房是 1950 年建成的；） the radio was turned off just now. 收音機剛才關掉了； hewasseentoplaywithfire. （有人觀察他玩火了；） the cup was broken by david yesterday（. 這個杯子昨天被大維打爛了；） the workers were made to work 12 hours a day（. 工人們被迫每天工作 12 小時；） those books were written by a 10-year-old girl（

13、. he was born in 1986. （他生于 1986 年；）那些書是由一個 10 歲大的女孩所寫的；） this kind of cd was sold out yesterday（. 這種光盤昨天賣光了；） he was seen to push a bike out of the house.（有人觀察他推了一輛自行車從那幢房子里走出來；） the old womans body was found at the end of the stree（t. 老婦人的尸體在街的終點發覺了；現在進行時 the computer is being mended.（那臺電腦正在被修理； ）

14、 the children are being taken good care of.（孩子們正受到良好的照料； ） this film is being shown now. 這部電影正在被放映； mary is being interviewed now. （瑪麗現正接受采訪；） the problem is being discussed at the meeting（.這個問題正在會上爭論； ） the telephone is being used now.（電話正在使用中；） the report is being written by one of the best studen

15、ts.報告正在由一個最好的同學寫著呢； many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. （最近正在進行很多好玩的試驗； ） that bridge is being built, i can't stand the noise. 那座橋正在被建，我受不了這噪音； 一般將來時 another book will be published next month. （下個月另一本書將問世；） todays work is going to be well done. （今日的工作將被很好地完成； ） the spo

16、rts meeting will be held on wednesday afternoon（. 校運會將在下周三下午舉辦； ） when and where wll the meeting be held.（這個會議將會在什么時候、哪里舉辦呢？） what will be done next. （ 接下來要做什么？） a new school is going to be built in the poor village.（一所學校將被建在這個貧困的村子里； ） are these trees going to be cut dow？n 這些樹將被砍倒嗎？ we shall be pun

17、ished if we break the rule.假如我們違反規定，我們將要受到懲處； if you park your car here, you will be fined. （假如你將車停在這兒，你將被罰款； ） a friend without faults will never be found.（沒有缺點的伴侶是永久找不到的； ）現在完成時 the book has been translated into many languages（.這本書已被譯成多國語言；） has the sports meet been put off until next friday.（運動會已

18、經推遲到下周五了嗎？） the recorder has been repaired several times. 這 臺錄音機已經修理過好幾次了； a doctor has been sent for.（已經派人去請醫生了；） toms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說仍沒有被出版； these flowers have been watered. 這些花已被澆水了； the battery hasnt been charged for a couple of mont電hs池. 好幾個月沒充電了； the dirty clothes have been

19、 wasked.（臟衣服都已經洗了；） i ll come tsoee you when my homework has been finished.（等我的家庭作業做完，我就會去拜望你；）.i will invite you here as soon as this bridge has been built. 這座橋一被建好，我就邀請你到這兒來；帶情態動詞 the room must be cleaned every day. 房間必需每天都打掃； our homework should be handed in on time. 作業應當準時上交； it must be done at

20、once.（這件事必需立刻做； ） calculator can't be used in the maths exam（. 運算器不能用于數學考試；） books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.（閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走；）can this bike be mended. 這輛自行車能修嗎？ children should be taught to tell the truth. 應當教孩子們講真話； many trees should be planted on the mountains. 應當在

21、山上種很多樹； teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends. 應當答應青少年和伴侶外出；waste paper should not be thrown here.廢紙不應當扔在這里； 固定句式 it is suggested that each speaker is allowed five minutes. 建議每位發言者講話五分鐘； its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this accident. 據報道，這次事故中大約有三百人死亡；

22、it's known that britain is an island country. 眾所周知，英國是一個島國； it is believed that health is above wealth. （ 一般人都信任健康重于財寶；） it is said that he comes from china.（據說他來自中國；）主動形式表被動一些表示感受、感官的連系動詞,如：look, sound, smell, feel, taste等主語是物時； the building looks very beautiful. （ 這座建筑看上去很美；） her voice sounds

23、quite sweet. 她的聲音聽起來特別甜蜜； this shirt feels much softer than that one（. 這件襯衫比那件襯衫摸起來松軟得多；） that book smells old.（那本書有一股霉味；） these oranges taste nice（. 這些橙子味道很好；）表示主語有內在品質或性能，使得主語得以實現或不能實現，常見的這類動詞有open, close, shut, read, write, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, drink, etc. his novel sells well. 他的小說很暢銷； his pen writes smoothly.（這支鋼筆很好寫；） this poem reads well. （