1、考研前30天成功試卷（英語）試卷2Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 21 thunder or watched a television progra

2、m? Adults seldom 22 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three of four 23 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 24 by psychologists for this"Childhood amnesia"(兒童失憶癥).One argues that the hippo

3、campus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 25 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 26 that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot 27 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 28-o

4、ne event follows 29 as in anovel or film. But when they search through their mental 30 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fits the 31. It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English Dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simmons of the

5、 New York State University offers a new 32 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 33 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 34 spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short什erm, quickly 35 impress

6、ions of them intolong-term memories. In other 36, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 37Mothertalking about the afternoon 38 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 39 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, childr

7、en cannot form 40 memories of their personal experiences.1. A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard2. A. involve B. interpret C. recall D. resolve3. A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really4. A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed5. A. until B. once C. after D. since6. A. magnifies B. inter

8、venes C. contains D. maintains7. A. reflect B. attain C. access D. refer8. A. narratives B. forecasts C. regulations D. descriptions9. A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others10. A. outputs B. dreams C. flashes D. files11. A. footstep B. pattern C. frame D. landscape12. A. emphasis B. arrangeme

9、nt C. explanation D. factor13. A. aren't B. weren't C. isn't D. wasn't14. A. anyone else B. anyone else's C. some else D. someone else's15. A. forgotten B. remembered C. forgetting D. remembering16. A. senses B. cases C. words D. means17. A. him B. theirs C. it D. them18. A.

10、used B. chosen C. taken D. spent19. A. habitual B. verbal C. pretty D. mutual20. A. permanent B. conscious C. subordinate D. spiritualSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on AN

11、SWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1St. Paul didn't like it. Moses warned his people against it.Hesiod declared it "mischievious" and "hard to get rid of it," but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip is charming.""History is merely gossip," he wrote in one of his famous p

12、lays. "But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality."In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted ac

13、ross the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is "an intrinsically valuable activ

14、ity," philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze'ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn't come through ordinary channels, such as: "What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the offi

15、ce?" Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze'ev says. It is "a kind of sharing" that also "satisfies the tribal need namely, the need to belongto and be accepted by a unique group." What's more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable."Another

16、 gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a"saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial."It seems likel

17、y that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,"he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its 川 effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should ref

18、rain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with

19、 symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if ( as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproofdefense recommended by Plato, who may have learned

20、 the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corruptingthe youth of Athens:When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobodywill believethem. Or, as Will Rogers said,"Live so that you wouldn't be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.&q

21、uot;(500 words )21. Persons' remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to.A show the general disapproval of gossipB introduce the topic of gossipC examine gossip from a historical perspectiveD prove the real value of gossip22. By"Gossip also is a form of social bonding"(Para.

22、5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze'ev means gossip.A is a valuable source of social informationB produces a joy that most people in society needC brings people the feel of being part of a groupD satisfies people's need of being unusual23. Which of the following statements is true according to the te

23、xt?A everyone involved will not benefit from gossipB philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossipC Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageousD people are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip24. We learn from the last paragraph that.A gossipers will sur

24、ely become gossipees somedayB Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipeeC Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossipingD an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual25. The author's attitude toward"gossip"can be best described a

25、s.A neutral B positiveC negative D indifferentText 2SoBig.F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig.F was so effectivethat it caused substantial disruption even to those protectedby anti-v

26、irus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software of

27、ten bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig.F was able to spoof this system by"harvesting"e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were t

28、hen sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though theyhad come from other harvestedaddresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig.F was

29、so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-securitycentre at Carnegie-MellonUniversity in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig.F was capableofmulti-threading":it c

30、ould sendmultiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster worked by creating a"buffer overrun in the remote procedure call". In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft's Windows operating system to allow one computer to

31、 control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix

32、 the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting.One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called We

33、lchi. However, according to Mr Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problemsas Blaster itself, byoverwhelming networks with"pings" signals that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still ca

34、used damage. Forinstance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America's east coast.Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a trul

35、y devastating virus is unleashed.26. SoBig.F damaged computer programs mainly byA sending them an overpowering number of messagesB harvesting the addresses stored in the computersC infecting the computers with an invisible virusD destroying the anti-virus software of the computers27. Which of the fo

36、llowing best defines word"doctored"(para. 1) ?A falsified B curedC deceived D diagnosed28. Compared with SoBig.F, Blaster was a virus that wasTimestheA more destructiveB more humorousC less vulnerableD less noticeable29. From the text we learn that Welchi9A is a wicked worm causing as many

37、 damages as BlasterdidB is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like BlasterC is a program intended to fix the infected machinesD is a worm meant to defeat the virus with"pings"30. The tone of the text can best described as.A optimistic and humorousB analytical but concernedC passio

38、nate but pessimisticD scholarly and cautiousText 3Europeanfarm ministers have ended three weeks ofnegotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agriculturalpolicy(CAP). Will it beenough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations?On the face of it, the deal agr

39、eed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butt

40、er, are to be cut that should meanEuropean prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations.The CAP is hugely unpopular ar

41、ound the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriersthat largely exclude them from the potentiallylucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under

42、the auspices of the World Trade Organisation(WTO) in November 2001.Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EU's intransigence, a

43、nd the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the world's trade ministers meet in Canc un, Mexico.But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green ligh

44、t for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes withintheir own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where

45、there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation.These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europe's negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure o

46、n farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm

47、the sceptics' fears.31. The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in thatA European farm ministers finally reached a consensusB the link between farm products and subsidies is removedC farmers would definitely accept the direct payment tothemD European farm products will reach a lower price le

48、vel than the world32. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that.A farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAPB the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talksC the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countriesD the world's trade minist

49、ers will resist the new deal reached recently33. In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?A Farmers lose their interest in farming.B Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D The measures damage the reformers' c

50、onfidence.34. The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to.A Europe's negotiators' loss of confidenceB European expenditure on farm supportC escape clauses for some European countriesD suspicion of the new package 35. What is the passage mainly about? A a promising new

51、dealB Doha world trade negotiationsC world's anger against EuropeD doomed reforms of CAPText 4Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnigh

52、t on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of'Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix". Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merch

53、andise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania.Yet Mr Potter's world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch

54、of J.K. Rowling's fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing thatthe publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain's Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in London's Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast.Hollywood, which owns everyt

55、hing else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time

56、Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier

57、 than the queenif youbelieve Britain's Sunday Times rich list. The process is self-generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies

58、 have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office.This is a stunning success by any measure, especially asMs Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over-commercialised. In line with her wishes, Warner says it is beingextraordinarily careful, at least byHollywoodstandards, about wh

59、at it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca-Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising tothe films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to"Order of the Phoenix" nor yet for"Harry Potter a