1、定語定語 attribute對名詞或代詞起修飾限定作用的詞，短語對名詞或代詞起修飾限定作用的詞，短語. 定語從句定語從句 relative clause對名詞或代詞起修飾限定作用的句子對名詞或代詞起修飾限定作用的句子.定語從句可以分為定語從句可以分為:限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 和和 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句.1. the great wall is the only man-made structure thatthatthat can be seen from space.2. i happened to be sittitting beside a young boy whow

2、howho was travelling alone.3. the tough guys whowhowho teased and bullied the little boy on the train.先行詞: 定語從句所修飾的名詞,代詞.關系詞: 引導定語從句的詞.關系詞分為:1. 關系代詞: who, whom, whose, that, which, as, but2. 關系副詞: when, where, why關系詞的三個作用關系詞的三個作用:1. 引導定語從句2. 代替先行詞3. *定語從句中擔當一個成分關系詞位置關系詞位置: : 先行詞之后先行詞之后, ,定語從句之前定語從句之

3、前. .定語從句的位置定語從句的位置: : 先行詞之后先行詞之后. .關系代詞who的用法1. the boys who are playing football are from class four.2. the man who visited our classroom yesterday is our headmaster.3. he is the man who told me the funny story.who: 先行詞是人先行詞是人,在定語從句在定語從句 中作主語中作主語,不可以省略不可以省略.關系代詞whom的用法1. the man (whom) you met at t

4、he school gate is our teacher.2. he is the man (whom) i saw yesterday.3. i do not want to invite those people (whom) i dislike.whom: 先行詞是人，在定語從句中充當賓語，可以省略。關系代詞whose的用法1. i know the lady whose husband is a doctor.2. i like the book whose name is spy.3. i live in a house whose windows face to the sout

5、h.whose: 先行詞為人或物， 在定語從句中充當定語，不可以省略。 關系代詞which的用法1. she is not on the train which arrived five minutes ago.2. i live in qingpu which is in the west of shanghai.3. the book (which) i bought yesterday is interesting.4. is this the book (which) you talked about yesterday?which： 先行詞為物，在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，在充當賓語

6、時可省略。關系代詞that的用法1. the man that writes the book is an english.2. where is the man (that) i saw this morning?3. the dress that is made my my mother suits me very well.4. the book (that) you picked up this morning belongs to tom.= who= whom= which= which= whichthat: 在定語從句中可指人，充當主語是代替在定語從句中可指人，充當主語是代替w

7、ho,充當充當賓語時代替賓語時代替whom （可省略），也可指物，（可省略），也可指物， 代替代替which ，充當主語或賓語（充當賓語時可省略。），充當主語或賓語（充當賓語時可省略。）詞形先行詞在從句中充當的成分關系代詞who人人賓語whosewhich物that主語,賓語主語whom定語人,物主語,賓語人,物revision1. the bank _ was opened yesterday is a very modern one.2. do you know anyone _ wants to buy a second-hand car?3. he gave a tip to the

8、porter _ carried his luggage.4. i saw some trees _ leaves were black with disease5. that is the only thing _ he has in his pocket.(which / that)thatwho / thatwhose(that)6.the thief_ had robbed the man was caught by the police.7.the monument was the first place_ they went to visit while they were in

9、china.8.little peter had a dream_ he was taken to the movies.9.the money _ he bought the bike was given by his fatherwhowhich / thatin which with which10.ann white,_ we received the invitation, lives next door to us11.a person_ you work with is called a colleague12.people _ are paid to work for othe

10、r people are called employees14.it is the only man-made structure _can be seen from spacefrom whomwhomwho / thatthat注意點：注意點：the man _ you talked about is our english teacher.the man about whom you talked is our teacher.the country _ he comes from is in africa.the country from which he comes is in af

11、rica.(whom/that)(which/that)1. 關系代詞which或 whom在定語從句當中作介詞賓語時，可以省略。但也可以把介詞提前，放在which 或whom 的前面，但不可以省略。* that在定語從句中也可以作介詞的賓語，但介詞不能放在 that前面。this is the book (which / that )you are looking for. (t)this is the book for which you are looking .(f)但是有些固定詞組，如： look for, take care of, look after. be intereste

12、d in 等，不可以拆開，在定語從句中介詞仍要放在動詞的后面，不可以放在which或 whom的前面please show me the book _ cover is red.whoseplease show me the book, the cover of which is red.please show me the book. the cover of it is red.2. whose + n. = the + n. + of which3. 只能用that不能用which 的情況1.當先行詞為形容詞最高級修飾時 (eg) this is the tallest building

13、 that i have ever seen. it is the most interesting film that i have ever seen.2. 當先行詞由序數詞修飾時(eg) this is the first novel that i read. the last train that leaves here is at 8:00.3. 當先行詞由only, no, very (adj. 正是，恰好是)修飾時(eg) this is the very dictionary that i want to buy. this is the only book that inte

14、rests me.4. 當先行詞為*something, anything, nothing, everything, no, little, all 時(eg) there is little that i can do for you. all that glitters is not gold.*something:后面既可以用which, 也可以用 that.5. 當先行詞既有人又有物時(eg) do you know the things and the people that they are talking about? can you name a writer and his

15、 works that we have learned.6. 不重復原則(eg) who that has seen the boy doesnt like him. who is the woman that has been praised at the meeting?which is the book that you liked?*whats that which you want to say?只能用that不能用which 的情況1. 當先行詞為形容詞最高級修飾時2. 當先行詞由序數詞修飾時3. 當先行詞由only, no, very (adj. 正是，恰好是)修飾時6. 當先行

16、詞為*something, anything, nothing, everything, no, little, all 時,或者先行詞由every, some, any, much, all等修飾的時候.4. 當先行詞既有人又有物時5. 不重復原則exercises:1. this is the book _ i want to read this is the very book _ i want to read.2. this is an interesting film _ i have ever seen. this is the most interesting _ i have

17、ever seen.3. is there anything _ i can do for you?4. have you written down everything _ miss yan said? which/thatthatthatwhich/thatthatthat5. there is no student _ is not interested in music nowadays.6. there is much _ you can do.7. john kept talking about the people and the incident _ he met with d

18、uring the journey.8. who is the man _ is standing there?9. you can borrow any book _ you want.10. there is much money _ he left on the desk.thatthatthatthatthatthat4. one of + 復數名詞復數名詞 + 關系代詞關系代詞 + 謂語動詞謂語動詞 (復復) the (only) one of + 復數名詞復數名詞 + 關系代詞關系代詞 + 謂謂語動詞語動詞 (單單)(eg) he is one of the actors who

19、are my favorites. he is the (only) one of the actors who is my favorites.他是我最喜歡的演員之一.他是我最喜歡的唯一的一個演員.exercisesun wen is one of those women players who _ (play) soccer well.titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that _ (be) produced in hollywood.titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful mov

20、ies that _ (be) produced in hollywood.playhave beenhas been關系代詞關系代詞 as 的用法的用法關系代詞關系代詞as as可以指人可以指人, ,也可以指物也可以指物, , 通常與通常與the same, such 連用連用, ,在定語從句中可以充在定語從句中可以充當主語當主語, ,賓語賓語, ,表語表語. .he was not such a man as would leave his work half-done.i hope to get such a toll as he is using. my hometown isnt s

21、uch a place as it was ten years ago.this is the same dictionary as i used yesterday. 先行詞是人先行詞是人,主語主語先行詞是物先行詞是物,賓語賓語先行詞是物先行詞是物,表語表語先行詞是物先行詞是物,賓語賓語關系副詞 when 的用法1. she came on the day when i was not at home .2. i still remember the day when i first came to this school.3. the time when we got together f

22、inally came.on whichon whichat whichwhen: 指時間，往往跟在表示時間的名詞指時間，往往跟在表示時間的名詞后面，在從句中作時間狀語，其構成相當后面，在從句中作時間狀語，其構成相當于于 on / at / in which（比較） the day (which/that) i will remember forever is nov. 121. this is the place where i grow up.2. shanghai is the city where i was born.3. the house where i lived three

23、years ago has been pulled down.關系副詞 where 的用法in whichwhere: 指地點，往往跟在表示地點的名詞后指地點，往往跟在表示地點的名詞后面，在從句中作地點狀語，其構成相當于面，在從句中作地點狀語，其構成相當于 on / at / in which（比較） the place (which/that) i visited yesterday is far from here.1. please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.2. i dont know the reason why he i

24、s unhappy today.關系副詞 why 的用法why: 指原因，往往跟在表示原因的名詞后面指原因，往往跟在表示原因的名詞后面(reason)，在從句中作原因狀語，其構成相當于，在從句中作原因狀語，其構成相當于 for which（比較）i dont believe the reason that he explained to the teacher.詞形先行詞擔當成分關系代詞who人主語whom人(賓語)which物主語,(賓語)that人,物主語,(賓語)whose人,物定語as人,物主語,賓語,表語關系副詞when時間詞時間狀語where地點詞地點狀語why原因詞原因狀語一些特

25、殊用法指人指人,宜用宜用who,不宜用不宜用that1. 先行詞為先行詞為 one,ones, anyone(eg) the ones who tell lies should be punished. anyone who wants to go there should gather here.2. 先行詞為先行詞為those,he(eg) those who want to see the film raise your hands ,please. he who has never been to the great wall is not a real man.3. 一個句子有兩個定

26、語從句一個句子有兩個定語從句,其中一個用其中一個用that,另外一個用另外一個用who(eg) the boy that you met last night is the person who invited me to see a film.4. there be 開頭的句子開頭的句子(eg) there is an old man who wants to see you.there is a book that you want.定語從句的關鍵1. 關系詞代替了先行詞在定語從句中的成分.2. 定語從句一般跟在先行詞后面. 當定語從句的先行詞為當定語從句的先行詞為time， place，

27、way時，通常省略關系副詞：時，通常省略關系副詞：the the wayway you look at your customers you look at your customers doesnt give them a good impression.doesnt give them a good impression.i still remember the first i still remember the first timetime you came to you came to my house my house is this the is this the placepl

28、ace you were born? you were born?非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句的區別非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句的區別:限制性定語從句是對先行詞起修飾和限定的限制性定語從句是對先行詞起修飾和限定的作用作用, ,是先行詞不可缺少的定語是先行詞不可缺少的定語, ,如果省去如果省去, ,主主句的意思就會不完整或者失去意義句的意思就會不完整或者失去意義. .非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明, ,如如果省去果省去, ,主句的意義仍完整主句的意義仍完整. .(eg) china is a country whi

29、ch has a long history. china , which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.this is a shop that sells computer.shakespeare, whose plays are popular, was a great writer.限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上形式上不用逗號與主句分開用逗號與主句分開意義上意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語,不可刪除是對先行詞的補充說明,刪除后意思仍完整譯法上譯法上

30、翻譯成先行詞 的定語“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句關系詞的關系詞的使用上使用上做賓語時可以省略;可用that;可以用who代替whom賓語不可省略;不用 that;不用who代替whom注意點1唯一性(eg) he has a sister, who is a nurse. he has a sister who is a nurse.他有一個姐姐,她是個護士.(只有一個姐姐.)他有個護士的姐姐.(不止一個姐姐) his father, who flew to paris, has just returned.二.專有名詞前,一般要用非限制性定語從句. yesterday i happened to see mr. smith, for was going to leave home.last sunday they reached qingdao, where a meeting was to be held.三三. 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中, of which / whom