1、英語初高中銜接輔導材料（教師版）專題一 名詞知識訓練和講解一、初中知識點回顧（一）感知體驗D1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. HenrysB2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinnerB3You looked for it t

2、wice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. onceB4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of watersB 5Mike hurt one of his _ in the ac

3、cident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. earB6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pearsA7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full nameD8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. GermansC9The_ has two _

4、. A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watchC 10The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teethsC11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. newsD12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out firs

5、t.A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and childrenB13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKINGA14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C.

6、Childrens Day D. Children DayB 15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 RoomA 16. Are there any _ in the picture? Yes, there are. A. fish B. pork C. beef D.sheepsD 17.The singer felt very sorry and decided he would never drive again after drinking.

7、The traffic accident was really a _ to him. Agame B. pleasure C. skill D. lesson C18. Would you please pass me something to drink? What about some _? A. beefB. fishC. juice D. breadB 19. Excuse me. may 1 know your_? Sure. Its No. 3. Bridge Street.A. house B. address C. way D. placeC 20. _ about the

8、sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. AdviceA 21. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A. 50 yearsB. 50 yearsC. 50-yearsD. 50-yearsD22. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A.duck B. horse C.bird D.sheepA 23. Please pick up the _. Dont

9、 keep it on the floor.A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles16-20 21-25 D 24. Could you please tell me something about the two_ ? _. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All rightD 25.How many teachers are

10、 there in your school? them over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are（二）歸納講解1、名詞的種類專有名詞 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普通名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team,

11、people 物質名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 2、名詞的句法功能主語 My family is now in New York. 表語 His father is a scientist. 賓語 We love our great motherland. 賓語補足語 He made London the base for his work. 定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 狀語 The ca

12、r cost him 1000 dollars. 同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 3、名詞的數(1).可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式。(2).可數名詞復數形式規則變化一般情況在詞尾加-s。以s，x，ch，sh，結尾的詞加-es。以輔音母加y結尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結尾的名詞的復數形式只加-s。以o結尾的詞多數都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末兩元字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來

13、詞也只加-s，例如photophotos，pianopianos。以f或fe結尾的詞，多數變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。復數詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后scups, hats, cakes在sztd3F等音后izglasses, pages, oranges,buses, watches,faces在bdgv等濁輔音后zbeds, dogs, cities, knives名詞不規則的復數形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，chil

14、dchildren，mousemice。【注意】與man和woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復數形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的復數以其所修飾的名詞的兩者都要變復數，如：menworkers， women teachers。有個別名詞單復數一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復數詞尾。單數形式但其意為復數的名詞有：people, police等。數詞+名詞作定語時，這

15、個名詞一般保留單數形式，中間加連字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。還有些名詞僅有復數形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。只用作單數的復數形式的名詞有： 科學名詞：physics, mathematics/maths 游戲名稱：bowls 專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名詞：news, falls4、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及所屬關系。1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格

16、其單數形式是加 s,其復數形式是s。2. 如其結尾不是s的復數形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 s。4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結構。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有 s，則表示“分別有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Toms and Marys bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個名詞并列，只有一個s，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有

17、一間）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。二、高中知識點展望（一）感知體驗C1.We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many【解析】 “paper”作為“紙”解釋時為不可數名詞，所以先排除B和D兩個選項。根據題意“我們總是準備充足的備用紙張，以防用光。”選擇答案C。too much意為“太多”盡管修飾不可數名詞，但用在這兒不符合題意。B2.The young dancers looked so ch

18、arming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of【解析】答案為masses of 意為“大量的”既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞；the number of意為“的數量”；a large amount of意為“大量的”后接不可數名詞；“many of”后接前面帶有定冠詞的名詞，意為“中的許多”。 D3.The village is far away from here indeed.

19、Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours【解析】“walk, ride, drive”等用做名詞可用來表示一般距離，其用法結構為：“時間名詞的所有格+這些名詞”。B4.The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycles shop【解析】表示什么樣的商店要用單數名詞修飾“shop”。D5.He dropped the

20、 _and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup【解析】coffeecup意為“咖啡杯”是指“用來喝咖啡的杯子”。名詞作定語修飾名詞。A6.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_ _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 【解析】由題干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正確答案A項意為“燃料”。articles意為“物品”；

21、goods意為“貨物、商品”；products意為“產品”。D7.To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”. A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices【解析】由語境可知，此處指人類的語言，而語言是人類說的聲音，因此用“voices”。A8.Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry. This is not the right to invite m

22、e. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. placeD. chance【解析】句意：“我們出去散散步好嗎？”“對不起，這不是邀請我的合適的時間，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意為“某一時刻，片刻”；situation意為“情形，狀況”；place意為“地方”；chance意為“機會”。A9.Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter

23、 C. caseD. opinion【解析】本題所設的語境是：有這樣一個你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能動的公共開放場所有什么意義呢？sense意為“意義、意識”；matter意為“問題，麻煩”；case意為“情況，問題”；opinion意為“意見，看法”。四個選項中只有A項符合語境。BB 10.The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction . promise C. plan D. contribution【解析】句意：這位

24、年輕人向他的父母許諾說畢業之后他將努力自食其力。make a promise意為“許諾、答應”其后的“that”從句為同位語從句，補充說明先行詞“promise”的內容，其它選項不合句意。A11.It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way【解析】 “it is no use后接動詞+ing形式”或“動詞+ing形式短語”表示“做某事沒有用”。B12.Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table with

25、in _ of little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance【解析】within ones reach意為“伸手拿（夠）得到”，是習語。（二）歸納講解名詞是英語的主要詞匯之一，也是歷年高考的重要考點。1、綜合近幾年高考對名詞的考查題型1）單項填空題中，每年都出現12道題。2）閱讀理解和完形填空中。2、考題內容1）名詞的一詞多義、熟詞新意。2）名詞的“可數”與“不可數”。3）主謂語一致。包括抽象名詞卻有復數形式；集體名詞的單、復數意義。4）詞語的固定搭配及名詞作定語。5）近義詞詞義辨析。3、建議；1）、在學習或使用中應注意：（1）名

26、詞是可數還是不可數 （2）是單數還是復數 （3）是否有無冠詞 （4）謂語動詞用單數還是復數2）、在備考中一定要結合具體的語境去感悟、理解名詞的辨析、名詞的一詞多義以及名詞的習慣用法等。三、鞏固提升B1. The _ of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leavesD2. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. pot

27、atoes, tomatoesD3. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefsB4. It was _ hot weather that many of

28、us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so asD. such aC5. _ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What aA6. My family raise a lot of _, including two _.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattlesA 7. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（軍營門口）.A. have gatheredB. has

29、 gatheredC. isD. wasB8. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. sizeC9. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal ofD. A number ofC10. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. handsD. t

30、he handsB11. Two _, please.A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffeeD. cups coffeeD12. I cant pay as _ as he asked for. A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. high a priceA13. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly.A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. PersonsC14. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A. shoes

31、B. shoses C. shoe D. shoesD15. Have you ever read _?A. today newspaperB. newspaper today C. newspaper of todayD. todays newspaperB16. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and MarysC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and MaryD17. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A. a

32、nyonesB. anyone elseC. anyones elsesD. anyone elsesC18. The children are playing _ on the _.A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sandB19. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days.A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travelA20. We have no _ about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC. mess

33、ageD. flashD21. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD. clothingB22. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.A. strength B. sense C. power D. skillD23. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedB. matt

34、er, happenedC. event, was taken placeD. accident, took placeA24. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. ManB25. He was an _ in the government _.A. office, officialB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officerC26. We visited him _ when he was

35、in hospital.A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two dayC27. The police _ looking into the matter now.A. be B. is C. are D. are going toB28. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A. the B. a C. / D. oneA 29. No news _ good news.A. isB. areC. haveD. hasB30. Maths s

36、till _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. areD31. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked.A. is B. was C. were D. areC32. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _.A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spiritA33. I saw many _ seated in th

37、e corner reading something. A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of JapanesesB34. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advicesB35. _ are made of _.A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glassesB36. There are

38、two _ in our class.A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. LiusD37. They are _.A. mathematics studentB. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematicsD. mathematics studentsC38. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friendB. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my fatherD39. Ten years had pa

39、ssed. I found she had _.A. a little white hair B. some white hairC. a few white hair D. a few white hairsA40. I have made _ with Billy.A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friendB 41. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. dela

40、y C. time D. HurryC42. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. courseD43. When you play football, what _do you play?A. situationB. placeC. part D. position D44. We all know that_speak louder than word

41、s.A. movements B. performances C. operationsD. actionsC45.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. factB. reality C. practice D. deed A46.Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A. touch B. relationC. connection D. friendshipC47.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a l

42、ittle _.A. wait B. time C. patienceD. restA48.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _.A. message B. letter C. sentence D. noticeC49.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulnessA50.My parents always let me have my ow

43、n _of living. A. way B. methodC. manner D. fashion四、初中詞匯復習I.單詞拼寫 根據句意及所給中文提示或英文解釋，寫出句中所缺單詞。1. I cant afford (買得起) to go to the 2010 World Cup. 2. The tourists had no choice but to wait for the next bus.3. Tom is a humo(u)rous (a good sense of humour) boy, so everyone likes him.4.Sometimes deep（深厚的）

44、feelings are hard to put into words.5.Mr Wang was busy,but he insisted（堅持） on seeing me off at the airport.6.Will you join us in the discussion（討論）about the teenage problems.7.You can cross the road in_ safety（安全）when the traffic lights turn green.8.In the morning taking a walk and breathing（呼吸）some fresh air are good for your health.9. Its a good habit to brush our teeth twice a day.10. We need eleven players (play) for our soccer team.11. What a sunny (sun) day it i