module 4 sandstorms in asia一、語基必備知識 (一)重點詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認識的詞匯前劃sandstorm ncampaign n.forecast vt. mask n.atmosphere n. chemical n.garbage n. melt vi.coastal adj. evidence n.urgent adj. scary adj.核心詞匯寫其形1mass adj. 大量的；大規模的 2process n. 進程；過程3citizen n. 公民；市民4absolutely adv. 絕對地；完全地.拓展詞匯通其變1fright n. 害怕；恐懼frightening adj.嚇人的；可怕的frighten vt.使害怕frightened adj.害怕的2dust n沙塵；灰塵dusty adj.滿是灰塵的3strong adj.堅強的；強壯的 strength n力量；力氣strengthen vt.加強strongly adv.強有力地；堅強地4cycle vi.騎自行車；循環cyclist n騎自行車的人 recycle v重新利用；再循環5environment n環境environmental adj.環境的6pollute vt.污染pollution n污染7concern n& v關心，擔心；影響，涉及concerned adj.關心的；擔心的 concerning prep.關于；涉及8major adj.主要的；多數的majority n大多數，多數9complain vi.抱怨；發牢騷complaint n抱怨10protect v保護protection n保護1.“可怕的”形容詞小結frightening嚇人的scary 恐怖的terrible 可怕的horrible 恐怖的terrifying 令人驚恐的2.前綴fore表示“前面，預先”forecast v預報foretell v. 預言foresee v. 預見forehead n. 前額foreword n. 前言3.后綴th名詞集錦strength力量length 長度warmth 溫暖truth 真理youth 青春 (二)重點短語記牢用活1cut_down砍倒；削減2be_caught_in 突然遭遇(風暴等)3one_after_another 一個接一個地4have_a_bad_effect_on 對有壞影響5take_in 吸收6give_out 放出；發出7in_a_nutshell 簡言之；概括地講8look_through 瀏覽；仔細檢查1.in a nutshell同義短語小聚in a word總之all in all 總之in short 總之in brief 總之in general 總體來說2.由one after another想到的one by one一個接一個地one after the other 相繼地；一個接一個地from one .to another 一個又一個one another 互相one and all 全都 (三)重點句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：so . that .引導結果狀語從句 they are often so_thick_that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.沙塵常常彌漫以至于你連太陽都看不見，風力有時強到可以移動沙丘。句型2：“make itadj./n.to do.”結構，it作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語 the storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes_it_difficult_to_see.暴風有時持續一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。句型3：if引導省略的狀語從句 the garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled.然后垃圾被運走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。二、語境強化訓練.語境填詞根據提示寫出該詞的適當形式a根據漢語提示寫出下列單詞1the weatherman has forecast(預報) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.2(2018浙江卷6月)friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep american strength(實力；優勢)3the company is starting a new advertising campaign(活動) to attract new customers to its stores. 4economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment(環境)5in life and work, many of us have used emoticons(表情符號) to send positive atmosphere(氣氛) or soften statements.b根據所給單詞寫出適當形式6cycling is an absolutely(absolute) energysaving means of transportation.7its time to have lunch, so i think there surely are masses(mass) of people in the dining room.8they tend to buy cheap processed(process) foods like canned chicken and hamburger.9to keep healthy, professor johnson took up cycling(cycle) as a kind of exercise after he retired.10with no one to turn to in such a frightening(frighten)situation, she felt very helpless. .語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019全國卷)the polar bear is found in the arctic circle and some big land masses as far south as newfoundland.塊；堆2(2019浙江卷6月) when the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them. 騎自行車3(2019全國卷) more than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? first, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 優點；長處4(2019全國卷) if there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. 擔心；憂慮.選詞成篇cut down; one after another; take in; give out; in a nutshell; put. into.its generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. they 1.take_in carbon dioxide and 2.give_out oxygen. 3.in_a_nutshell,_if we keep on 4.cutting_down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come 5.one_after_anotherbe caught in; have a bad effect on; take away; look through; as a result of; wake up tonowadays the number of electric bikes is rising rapidly, which 6.has_a_bad_effect_on the road safety. often we 7.are_caught_in the traffic jam 8.as_a_result_of electric bike drivers not obeying traffic rules. and if we 9.look_through newspapers, we can often see accidents caused by electric bikes.完成語段we had planned to go outing , but 1.the_rain_was_so_heavy_that_we_had_to_abandon_the_previous_plan(雨那么大，以致我們只得放棄先前的計劃). unfortunately, the rain lasted two days, 2.making_it_impossible_for_us_to_go_out(使得我們不可能出行). however, 3.if_possible(如果可能的話), we will go for a picnic next weekend. strengthnu力量，體力；c長處，強項 基礎練習單句語法填空(湖北卷)to make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.(2018全國卷) to avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.(四川卷)summer makes me full of energy and i feel i have the strength to_do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.能力提升完成句子(浙江卷)練中國功夫不但能增強體質，還能培養一個人的性情。practising chinese kungfu can not only build_up_ones_strength,_but also develop ones character. (1)have the strength to do有做的力氣/意志力build up ones strength 增強體質(2)strong adj. 堅強的；強壯的(3)strengthen vt. 加強 佳句背誦 though i didnt have the strength to climb any further, i finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.雖然我沒有力氣爬得再高，但是我終于用盡全力爬上山頂，因為我父親一直鼓勵我。詞塊助記gather ones strength積蓄力量physical strength 體力 strength of will 意志力strengthen our friendship 鞏固我們的友誼 concernedadj.關心的；擔心的，有關的基礎練習單句語法填空a. (2018全國卷) it does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about/for increased screen time.bas we all know, parents focus their attention on their childrens study, because it is concerned with/in their future.concerned(concern) about the health of her son, mrs. jackson went to the school to visit him every week.a.(2018全國卷)id like to share with you some information concerning(concern) chinese table manners.bhe asked several questions concerned(concern) with the future of the company.能力提升詞匯升級(普通表達)in my opinion, you can have a better understanding of the spring festival through the activities. (2017浙江卷11月)(高級表達)_as_far_as_i_am_concerned,_ you can have a better understanding of the spring festival through the activities. (1)be concerned about/for 關心；掛念be concerned with/in 與有關；參與；牽涉到as/so far as.be concerned 就而言(2)concern n& v. 關心；擔心；與有關show/express ones concern about/for . 對表示關心/擔心(3)concerning prep. 有關；涉及 佳句背誦 the accident is not concerned with him. you neednt be concerned about/for him.這場意外事故和他沒有關系，你不必擔心他。名師點津 concerned 用作形容詞時意為“擔憂的；關心的”；用作后置定語時意為“相關的；有關的”。另外concerning 用作介詞時意為“關于；對于”。詞塊助記a major concern for teenagers青少年關注的一個主要問題all individuals concerned 所有相關人員 complainvi.抱怨；發牢騷；訴說；控訴基礎練習單句語法填空(2018天津卷) the students began complaining about/of how cold it would be.in time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint(complain) to each other but understanding of each other.能力提升完成句子一些高中學生抱怨他們沒有時間閱讀，因為他們有太多的家庭作業要做。some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read because they had too much homework to do. (1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨(2)complaint n. 抱怨，牢騷，投訴make a complaint to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事 佳句背誦 he complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. 他向我抱怨他已經盡全力做了一切， 但是還是考試不及格。 cut down砍倒；削減，縮小(尺寸、數量或數目)一詞多義寫出下列句中cut down的含義(湖北卷)the community college has to cut down on staff to save money. 裁減with more and more forests cut down, some animals are in danger of dying out.砍倒we need to cut the article down to 1，000 words.縮減能力提升完成句子(湖南卷)我當時正跟瑪格麗特說話，杰克森打斷了我們。i was just talking to margaret when jackson cut_incut in插嘴；打斷cut off 切掉；切斷；(常用于被動語態)使隔絕cut up 切碎 佳句背誦 as is known to us, smoking is harmful to our health.youd better quit smoking or at least cut down the amount of smoking. 眾所周知，吸煙對我們的健康有害，你最好戒煙或者至少減少吸煙量。 take in攝入；吸收；收留；包括；包含；理解；領會；欺騙一詞多義寫出下列句中take in的含義(湖北卷)it was several minutes before i took in what he was saying.理解；領會(遼寧卷)dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺騙(四川卷)the more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.攝入her lecture took in all the recent developments in the subject.包括；包含take off起飛；(事業)成功；脫下；請假take on 呈現；雇用；承擔take over 接收；接管take up 占據；開始從事 佳句背誦 plants naturally take in carbon dioxide and cut down air pollution. 植物天生吸收二氧化碳，減少大氣污染。 give out發出(光、熱、聲音、氣體等)；分發；發表；用完；耗盡；筋疲力盡；宣布；發布一詞多義寫出下列句中give out的含義just as i approached the town, my legs finally gave out.筋疲力盡(山東卷)what shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given out？用完；耗盡the fire can be compared with the sun, and both all give out light and warm up.發出(福建卷)the news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.宣布；發布能力提升完成句子(2019浙江卷6月) for legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving_away(捐贈) food waste. give in (to)讓步；投降；上交give away 捐贈；分發；頒發(獎品)；泄露(秘密)give back 歸還；使恢復give up 投降；放棄give off 釋放出；發出(氣味、光、熱等) 名師點津 表示“用光，用盡”時，give out, run out是不及物動詞短語，不可用于被動語態，也不接賓語，主語往往是物。use up, run out of是及物動詞短語，有被動語態，主語往往是人。if引導省略的狀語從句(教材原句)the garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.然后垃圾被運走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。基礎練習單句語法填空(江蘇卷)it sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. if so,_wed better take it to the garage immediately.a.though working(work) day and night, he still could not make enough money to pay off his debts.bwhen completed(complete), the museum will be open to the public in 2022.能力提升完成句子if the food tastes nice, ill go to buy some more；if_not(如果不是這樣的話), i wont go.my father suggests that i should take some notes if_necessary(如果有必要的話) while listening to the teachers in class. (1)在if，when，while，once，whether，unless，though等引導的從句中如果含有系動詞be的某種形式，從句的主語與主句主語一致或從句的主語是it時，從句的主語和系動詞be可以省略。 (2)if構成的其他省略形式： if any如果有的話；if necessary 如果需要的話；if so如果是這樣的話； if ever 如果曾經有的話； if not如果不這樣的話。佳句背誦 if possible, we should bridge the cultural differences and bring more chinese literature to british readers. 如果可能的話，我們應該彌合文化分歧，將更多中國文學作品帶給英國的讀者。維度一在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式1there is convincing evidence(evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.2(2017天津卷)the idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely(absolute) nowhere here.3your smile is one of the strongest tools that make it possible for you to_meet(meet) new people. 4id rather read than watch tv now because i think the programs seem to_be_getting(get) worse all the time.5being_caught(catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.維度二在空白處填入1個適當的單詞1did you take in the speech the visiting scholar made yesterday?not really. he spoke with an australian accent and a bit too fast for me.2after covering fifty miles or so, his legs gave out and he had to take a rest.3the top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.4having adjusted themselves to earths gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.5so loudly did he speak that every people in the next room could hear him.維度三派生詞練習1he always complained about his job.his friends ignored his complaint(complain)2we strongly feel that many factors determine whether we can succeed in our life and careers, including a strong body and a good personality.knowing our strength is also very important.but the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.(strength)3the public have shown great concern about the food safety, because it concerns the peoples health.it is hoped that the authorities concerned can really do something about the issue concerning the public health.(concern)4the frightening scene frightened the boy.he felt frightened but he tried to hide his fright(fright)5lacking proper protection against cold, we try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)維度四完成句子/句型轉換/一句多譯1首先，就我而言，我已經為考試做好了準備。to begin with, as_far_as_i_am_concerned,_i have made preparations for the examination. 2新技術使以更低的成本更快地生產產品成為可能。new technologies have_made_it_possible_to_turn_out new products faster and at a lower cost.3作為教練，他知道自己的隊員與對手相比有什么優勢和劣勢。as a coach, he knows what_strengths_and_weaknesses_his_athletes_have against their rivals.4unless it is necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.unless_necessary,_youd better not refer to the dictionary.5人們向我抱怨得不到足夠的信息。people_complain_to_me_that_they_cant_get_enough_information. (complain)people_make_a_complaint_to_me_that_they_cant_get_enough_information. (complaint)提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)with peoples 1.cutting(cut) down trees, desertification has been threatening us. in the past years, sandstorms 2.have_increased(increase). when 3.caught(catch) in a sandstorm, you cant help 4.but cough, so you have to wear a mask to protect yourself from the storm, 5.if possible. we have to admit that the major reason why the environment is polluted is that we just focus on the development of economy. the factories pour chemicals into the rivers and give 6.off waste gases into the air. when people take in the harmful gases, they will fall ill. its true that most of us are 7.concerned(concern) about the environmental protection. but its no use 8.complaining(complain) about the present 9.urgent(urgency) situation. we must take action immediately with all our 10.strength(strong)提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)假設你是李華，你市某出版社向全市中學生征文，征文題目是“water”。請你按以下寫作要點寫一篇英語短文。缺乏淡水的影響因素；解決問題的措施。1補全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學詞匯)缺乏淡水對人類、動物和植物的存活有壞影響。lack of fresh water is having_a_bad_effect_on_the_survival of human beings, animals and plants.依我看，一個主要的因素導致了這個問題。as_far_as_im_concerned,_one major_factor contributes to the problem.隨著工業的發展，工廠排放出許多廢物以致水被污染。with the development of industry, factories give_out_so_many_wastes_that_water_is_polluted為解決這個問題，急需采取幾個措施。to solve the problem，it_is_urgent_that several measures (should) be taken.我們必須幫助大眾意識到節約淡水的重要性并關心水資源。we must help the public wake_up_to the importance of saving fresh water and become_concerned_about water resources.如果可能的話，不僅要制定更嚴格的法律保護有限的淡水資源，而且有必要采取新的方法循環利用用過的水。if_possible,_stricter laws not only should be established to protect the limited fresh water resources but also its necessary to adopt new methods to_recycle_used_water我相信我們有力量通過采取這些措施來解決這個問題。im fully confident that we have_the_strength_to_solve_the_problem by taking these measures.2升級平淡句用倒裝句升級句if_possible,_not_only_should_stricter_laws_be_established_to_protect_the_limited_fresh_water_resources_but_its_also_necessary_to_adopt_new_methods_to_recycle_used_water.3銜接成美文(注意用適當的過渡銜接詞匯：to begin with, in a nutshell)_one possible version：waterlack of fresh water is having a bad effect on the survival of human beings, animals and plants. as far as im concerned, one major factor contributes to the problem. with the development of industry, factories give out so many wastes that water is polluted. to solve the problem, it is urgent that several measures (should) be taken.to begin with, we must help the public wake up to the importance of saving fresh water and become concerned about water resources. if possible, not only should stricter laws be established to protect the limited fresh water resources but its also necessary to adopt new methods to recycle used water.in a nutshell, im fully confident that we have the strength to solve the problem by taking these measures. (建議用時：35分鐘).閱讀理解a(2020長沙統一模擬)when she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, fawn sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the olympic mountains to survey the mount anderson glacier. but the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasnt there anymore.loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. and that gave jennifer wren atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the university of washington bothell, us, an idea for a class.this term, she taught students on the bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. she used the experiences of native american tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat “this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”student cody dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(懷疑論者). then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mi