一、 直接引語與間接引語說話人直接引用別人的原話叫直接引語。說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來叫間接引語。(一)、如何變人稱：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新” “一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She said, My brother wants to go with me.She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：He said to Kate, How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr. Smith said。 Jack is a good worker.Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.(二)、如何變時態：(僅限于主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時)直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態需要做相應的調整。直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時如：1)She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2)She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。直接引語是客觀真理、引用格言時。 The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。如： Jack said, John, where were you going when I met you in the street? Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980. Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如： He said, I get up at six every morning. He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：Peter said. You had better come here today. Peter said I had better go there that day.(三)、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規律，時間狀語由“現在”改為“原來”（例：now變為then, yesterday變為 the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語時間狀語nowthen指示代詞thisthattodaythat daythesethosethis week(month)that week(month)地點狀語herethereyesterdaythe day before動詞comegothe day before yesterdaytwo days agoLast week(year)The week(year) beforeThree days(a year, years) agoThree days(a year, years)beforetomorrowThe next(following) dayThe day after tomorrowTwo days later(in two days time)Next week(year, month)The next(following)week(year, month)(四)、如何變句型：直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用“suggest +動句詞（或從句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引語是問句，變成間接引語時，主句中謂語say要變成ask直接引語為祈使句變成間接引語時，要變成以下格式ask sb. (not) to do sth. （表示客氣）tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性強于上面）order sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性最強）直接引語和間接引語正誤例析1.“Speak English more often in and out of class，” our English teacher said to us. Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class.Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher suggested that we （should）speak English more often in and out of class. 簡析：直接引語是祈使句，變為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據語氣需要使用ask，tell，order等動詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補，只能接-ing形式或從句（從句用虛擬語氣）作賓語。 2.“Dont play football on the street，little boys，” the policeman said. The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. 簡析：如果直接引語是祈使句的否定式，變為間接引語時，要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。 3.“Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs？” the young woman said to me. The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her. 簡析：直接引語是一些表示請求、建議的疑問句，變為間接引語時， 也變為不定式作賓語補足語。需要注意的是應根據原句的語氣選用恰當的動詞。因為此處原來的疑問句用的是很客氣的語氣，改寫后不宜用order。 4.“You clean the classroom after class today，Tom，” said the monitor. The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day. The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. 簡析：一般而言，祈使句是以動詞原形開頭的，但是如果說話人有意強調動作執行者，也可以在句首加上主語。我們在將其變為間接引語時不能將帶有主語的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來。 5.“Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic，” Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic.Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him.簡析：當直接引語中有多種句子形式如陳述句、祈使句、疑問句等時，我們就要用不同的方式將各種句子進行轉述。因為原句中直接引語前面部分是陳述句，故變為由that引導的賓語從句，后面部分是祈使句所以變為不定式作賓補。6. “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light traveled faster than sound.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.簡析:直接引語為客觀真理、格言時,變為間接引語,時態無需改變。7. Tom asks Mary, “Are you from America?”Tom asked Mary if she was from America.Tom asks Mary if she is from America.簡析: 主句不是過去時，故從句不需要作時態的變化。直接引語和間接引語練習I. 請選出正確的答案： 1. Where was Alices sister? I dont know where _. A. was Alices sister B. Alices sister was C. is Alices sister D. Alices sister is2. What did he say? I dont know what _. A. did he say B. he says C. he has said D. he said3. I dont know _. A. what should I do B. what I should do it C. what to do D. how to do4. I wonder _ .which of the following is not the right choice? A. whether she will be fit for the job or not B. whether or not she will be fit for the job C. if she will be fit for the job D. what she will be fit for the job5. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I dont know _. A .where does he come from B. from where does he come C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes from6. Can you make sure _? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _? A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her address is8. Excuse me, but can you tell me _? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn II. 將下列句子變為間接引語： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him. 2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai next month, children.”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth.”5. She said to him, “Its time that you leave here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st , 1921.”9. He said, “Are you a student?”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help, isnt she?” he asked.12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”15. “Wri