筆譯技巧：省略法一、從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)看（一）省代詞1省略作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，前句出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，后句如仍為同一主語(yǔ)，就不必重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)中通常每句都有主語(yǔ)，因此人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)往往多次出現(xiàn)，這種人稱代詞漢譯時(shí)常常可以省略。（1）省略作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少數(shù)付諸實(shí)踐了。He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。（2）英語(yǔ)中，泛指人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使是作第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)譯文中往往也可以省略。We live and learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。When will he arrive?-You can never tell.他什么時(shí)候到？-說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的，而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西。2省略作賓語(yǔ)的代詞英語(yǔ)中有些作賓語(yǔ)的代詞，不管前面是否提到過(guò)，翻譯時(shí)往往可以省略。The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.他越是想要掩蓋他的錯(cuò)誤，就越是容易暴露。Please take off the old picture and throw it away.請(qǐng)把那張舊畫取下來(lái)扔掉。3省略物主代詞英語(yǔ)句子中的物主代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率相當(dāng)高。一個(gè)句子往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)好幾個(gè)物主代詞，如果將每個(gè)物主代詞都翻譯出來(lái)，那么漢語(yǔ)譯文就顯得非常羅嗦。所以在沒(méi)有其他人稱的物主代詞出現(xiàn)的情況下，在翻譯時(shí)物主代詞大多被省略。I put my hand into my pocket.我把手放進(jìn)口袋。She listened to me with her rounded eyes.她睜大雙眼，聽(tīng)我說(shuō)話。4. 省略反身代詞How does atoms arrange themselves in a solid?原子在固體中是如何排列的？We should concern ourselves here only with the structure of atoms.這里我們只論述原子的結(jié)構(gòu)。Friction manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.磨擦表現(xiàn)為阻礙運(yùn)動(dòng)的力。Although pure science usually has no apparent connection with technology, it does lend itself to the development of applied science.理論科學(xué)雖然通常與技術(shù)沒(méi)有明顯的聯(lián)系，但確實(shí)有助于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的發(fā)展。（二）代詞it的省略it起著代詞的作用，在譯文中，當(dāng)它被用作非人稱或沒(méi)有意義的時(shí)候，往往可以省略。Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.他一看表，是七點(diǎn)一刻了。It took me a long time to reach the hospital.我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到了醫(yī)院。It is the people who are really powerful.人民才是最強(qiáng)大的。（三）省略連接詞漢語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)之間連接詞用得不多，其上下邏輯關(guān)系常常是暗含的，由詞語(yǔ)的次序來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)則不然，連接詞用得比較多。因此，英譯漢時(shí)在很多情況下可不必把連接詞譯出來(lái)。He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些憂愁不安。（省略并列連接詞）As it is late, you had better go home.時(shí)間不早了，你最好回家去吧。（省略表示原因的連接詞）If sinter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？（省略表示條件的連接詞）If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.早知如此，我就不參加了。（省略表示條件的連接詞）John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火車停了，約翰郁郁地站了起來(lái)，因?yàn)樗肫鹆瞬≈械哪赣H。（省略表示時(shí)間的連接詞）（四）省略冠詞1英語(yǔ)有冠詞，漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有冠詞；因此，英譯漢時(shí)往往可將冠詞省略。A teacher should have patience in his work.當(dāng)教員的應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心。（省略不定冠詞A）The horse is a useful animal.馬是有益的動(dòng)物。（省略定完詞The）It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.在過(guò)去，飛往月球是絕對(duì)辦不到的事情。（省略定完詞The）The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮慢慢從海上升起。（省略定冠詞The）2英譯漢時(shí)，省略原文中的冠詞是一般情況。但在某些場(chǎng)合，冠詞卻不能省略，可以翻譯為一個(gè)，每一，這個(gè)，那個(gè)等。例如：He left without saying a word.他一句話不說(shuō)就走了。Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile.埃格伯特說(shuō)，他（開(kāi)車）每天一英里就賺一塊錢。This is the book you wanted.這就是你要的那本書。（五）省略介詞1省略表示時(shí)間的前置詞一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)介詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)如出現(xiàn)在句首，大都可以省略，出現(xiàn)在句尾大都不省略。The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中華人民共和國(guó)成立。比較：中華人民共和國(guó)成立于一九四九年。（介詞譯成漢語(yǔ)在句首時(shí)可以省略，在句尾就沒(méi)有省略）On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the Peoples Republic of China.一九九七年七月，香港回歸了中華人民共和國(guó)。2省略表示地點(diǎn)的前置詞Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場(chǎng)所不準(zhǔn)吸煙。In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.冬天，北方的天氣比南方冷得多。然而，表示地點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)介詞在譯文句首往往可以省略，但放在動(dòng)詞后面卻一般不省略，如：He stood by the desk.他站在桌旁。I stayed in my brothers house.我住在弟弟家里。（六）省略動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)句子中一般必須有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。而漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)并不一定非由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，形容詞和名詞等同樣可以作謂語(yǔ)。英譯漢時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣適當(dāng)省略原文中的某些動(dòng)詞。主要有兩類：一些連系動(dòng)詞和一些與具有動(dòng)作含義的名詞等搭配使用的動(dòng)詞。When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.必須在購(gòu)貨單規(guī)定的時(shí)間交貨。二、從修辭角度看（一）英語(yǔ)句子中有些短語(yǔ)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，或者具有相同意義的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，英譯漢時(shí)可按情況作適當(dāng)省略。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)先錄取。分析：如果不作省略，譯成“報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，比沒(méi)有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，優(yōu)先錄取”，就顯得累贅。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.雙方均不得無(wú)故解除合同。分析：如果譯成“.沒(méi)有原因和理由”的話，就不夠精煉。The late Mr. James had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930.詹姆士先生升天大約是在1930年。比較：已故的詹姆士先生升天大約是在1930年。（二）根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，譯文中可以省略一些可有可無(wú)的詞。There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end.人們?nèi)匀幌嘈牛胀ǖ娜艘茸匀坏牧α炕蛉祟愒斐鰜?lái)的機(jī)器更偉大，而且最終會(huì)控制它們。分析：這里，The mechanisms of mans hands不必譯為“人類的手造出來(lái)的機(jī)器”。As it happens, we did not meet there.我們并未在那里碰頭。China is also a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic.中國(guó)人還熱愛(ài)鮮花和樹(shù)木，專心致志獻(xiàn)身于造福兒童的事業(yè)，并恪守工作道德。比較：中國(guó)也是這個(gè)一個(gè)國(guó)家，它的人民For our part, we fully realized that, to avoid the possibility of any further cease-fire violations, the troops must be withdrawn.我們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到，要避免繼續(xù)違反停火的可能，必須實(shí)現(xiàn)撤軍。She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time.她又行了個(gè)屈膝禮，由于她的臉一直漲得通紅，所以現(xiàn)在不可能漲得更紅了。There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪，但葉落草枯。分析：試比較：樹(shù)葉從樹(shù)上落下來(lái)，草也枯死了。前者簡(jiǎn)明洗煉。小結(jié)1. 省