目的狀語和目的狀語從句&讓步狀語和讓步狀語從句I目的狀語和目的狀語從句so that，in order that，in case等詞引導目的狀語從句，so as to， in order to， in case of (doing) sth. 引導目的狀語e.g1. I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。= I shall write down your telephone number so as not to forget.2. Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。=Well tell you the truth so as to let you judge for yourself.3. They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish thework ahead of time .他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能 / 以便能提前完成工作。=They worked harder than usual in order to finish the work ahead of time .4. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heardby all. 你必須大點聲，別人就能聽見了。 = You must speak louder so as to / in order to be heard by all.5. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服，以防天發冷。 = Better take more clothes in case of being cold.6. They wrote to the boss in order that they could improve theirworking conditions. 他們寫信給老板以便他們能改善他們的工作條件。 = They wrote to the boss in order to improve their working conditions.注意點：1 . 目的狀語從句中常用情態動詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在從句里的動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標點符號.2 . 用so as (not) to do / in order (not) to do 引導目的狀語時, 句子的主語往往是有to do 這個目的的人. 即to do的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致. so as (not) to / so that引導的目的狀語不放在句首 3 . 在in case 的從句中不用將來時. 用一般現在時代替將來時. 少數時候可用should do 。In case 與其它目的狀語從句不同的是它側重于將來有可能發生的不幸或不好的事, 而其它的目的狀語從句側重于積極的事I am taking an umbrella in case it rains.I am taking an umbrella so that I will not get wet.I am taking an umbrella in order that I will not get wet.though，although引導讓步狀語從句 despite, in spite of 引導讓步狀語表達同樣的意思.e.g.1. We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.雖然我們干了一天活，但并不累。 2. Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)he began to learn French. 雖然他六十多歲了，但仍開始學習法語 。 =Despite his being over sixty, (yet)he began to learn French. 3. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 =Despite his old age, he still works very hard.注意點：1. 在英語句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式多放主句的前面。 2. though/ although / even though 為連詞,引導讓步狀語從句.3. despite 和in spite of 為介詞,引導讓步狀語時后接名詞或名詞性短語或名詞性從句.as / though 引導讓步狀語從句e.g.1. Child as / though he is , (=Though he is a child,) he knows a lot .雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。 2. Cold as / though it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.雖然天氣冷，但孩子們仍在戶外玩。注意點:as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用though或although引導的從句，語氣強，更有表現力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。even if /even though引導讓步狀語從句e.g. 1. Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。 2. Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠足。注意點:even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設想的意味，多用于書面語中。有時也有“盡管”的意思.II讓步狀語和讓步狀語從句no matter (who, what when, where which, how)引導讓步狀語從句no matter +疑問詞 或疑問詞+后綴ever 。e.g. No matter what happened, he would not mind. 不管發生什么，他不在意。=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = howevere.g. 1.Do it no matter what others say.不管別人怎么說,盡管干。=Do it whatever others say.2. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day. 不管他多忙，他都每天堅持學習英語。 = However busy he was, he studied English every day.3. No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful. 不管誰為我處理這件事，我都將非常感激。 =Whoever takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.注意點: 1. no matter+疑問詞與 wh-ever引導的讓步狀語從句意義基本一 樣，no matter+疑問詞 引導的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后。 e.g. 1). Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.無論發生什么，我們都不要失去信心。 2). Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到歡迎。2. whever從句中的動詞有時可以和may連用。3. 注意：no matter +疑問詞 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現在說什么也沒用了。 （Whatever you say是主語從句）（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre