MIPS32指令集MIPS指令可以分成以下各類： 空操作no-op; 寄存器寄存器傳輸：用得很廣，包括條件傳輸在內(nèi)； 常數(shù)加載：作為數(shù)值和地址的整型立即數(shù)； 算術(shù)邏輯指令； 整數(shù)乘法、除法和求余數(shù)； 整數(shù)乘加； 加載和存儲(chǔ)； 跳轉(zhuǎn)、子程序調(diào)用和分支； 斷點(diǎn)和自陷； CP0功能：CPU控制指令 浮點(diǎn)； 用戶態(tài)的受限訪問：rdhwr和synci注：64位版本開頭以“d”表示，無(wú)符號(hào)數(shù)以“u”結(jié)尾，立即數(shù)通常以“i”結(jié)尾，字節(jié)操作以“b”結(jié)尾，雙字操作以“d”結(jié)尾，字操作以“w”結(jié)尾1、空操作：nop:相當(dāng)于 sll zero,zero,o， ssnop: equals sll zero,zero,1. 這個(gè)指令不得與其它指令同時(shí)發(fā)送，這樣就保證了其運(yùn)行要花費(fèi)至少一個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期。這在簡(jiǎn)單的流水線的CPU上無(wú)關(guān)緊要，但在復(fù)雜些的實(shí)現(xiàn)上對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)制的延時(shí)很有用。2、寄存器寄存器傳送： move: 通常用跟$zero寄存器的or來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，或者用addu。 movf, movt, movn, movz: 條件傳送。3、常數(shù)加載： dla、la: 用來(lái)加載程序中某些帶標(biāo)號(hào)的位置或者變量的地址的宏指令； dli、li: 裝入立即數(shù)常數(shù)，這是一個(gè)宏指令； lui: 把立即數(shù)加載到寄存器高位。4、算術(shù)邏輯運(yùn)算： add、addi、dadd、daddi、addu、addiu、daddu、daddiu、dsub、sub、subu：加法指令和減法指令； abs，dabs：絕對(duì)值； dneg、neg、negu：取相反數(shù)； and、andi、or、ori、xor、nor：逐位邏輯操作指令； drol、rol、ror：循環(huán)移位指令； sll、srl、sra：移位。5、條件設(shè)置指令： slt、slti、sltiu、sltu、seq、sge、sle、sne：條件設(shè)置。6、整數(shù)乘法、除法和求余數(shù)： div、mul、rem等等。7、整數(shù)乘加（累加）： mad等。8、加載和存儲(chǔ)： lb、ld、ldl、ldr、sdl、sdr、lh、lhu、ll、sc、pref、sb等操作。9、浮點(diǎn)加載和存儲(chǔ)： l.d、l.s、s.d、s.s等常用MIPS指令集及格式：MIPS 指令集(共31條）助記符指令格式示例示例含義操作及其解釋Bit #31.2625.2120.1615.1110.65.0R-typeoprsrtrdshamtfuncadd000000rsrtrd00000100000add $1,$2,$3$1=$2+$3rd - rs + rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1addu000000rsrtrd00000100001addu $1,$2,$3$1=$2+$3rd - rs + rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1,無(wú)符號(hào)數(shù)sub000000rsrtrd00000100010sub $1,$2,$3$1=$2-$3rd - rs - rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1subu000000rsrtrd00000100011subu $1,$2,$3$1=$2-$3rd - rs - rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1,無(wú)符號(hào)數(shù)and000000rsrtrd00000100100and $1,$2,$3$1=$2&$3rd - rs & rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1or000000rsrtrd00000100101or $1,$2,$3$1=$2|$3rd - rs | rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1xor000000rsrtrd00000100110xor $1,$2,$3$1=$2$3rd - rs xor rt；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1(異或）nor000000rsrtrd00000100111nor $1,$2,$3$1=($2|$3)rd - not(rs | rt)；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1(或非）slt000000rsrtrd00000101010slt $1,$2,$3if($2$3)$1=1else$1=0if (rs rt) rd=1elserd=0 ；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1sltu000000rsrtrd00000101011sltu $1,$2,$3if($2$3)$1=1else$1=0if (rs rt) rd=1elserd=0 ；其中rs$2，rt=$3, rd=$1(無(wú)符號(hào)數(shù)）sll00000000000rtrdshamt000000sll $1,$2,10$1=$210rd - rt 10rd shamt ；(logical) ，其中rt=$2, rd=$1sra00000000000rtrdshamt000011sra $1,$2,10$1=$210rd shamt ；(arithmetic)注意符號(hào)位保留其中rt=$2, rd=$1sllv000000rsrtrd00000000100sllv $1,$2,$3$1=$2$3rd - rt$3rd rs；(logical)其中rs$3，rt=$2, rd=$1srav000000rsrtrd00000000111srav $1,$2,$3$1=$2$3rd rs；(arithmetic)注意符號(hào)位保留其中rs$3，rt=$2, rd=$1jr000000rs000000000000000001000jr$31goto$31PC -rsI-typeoprsrtimmediateaddi001000rsrtimmediateaddi$1,$2,100$1=$2+100rt - rs + (sign-extend)immediate；其中rt=$1,rs=$2addiu001001rsrtimmediateaddiu$1,$2,100$1=$2+100rt - rs + (zero-extend)immediate；其中rt=$1,rs=$2andi001100rsrtimmediateandi$1,$2,10$1=$2 & 10rt - rs & (zero-extend)immediate；其中rt=$1,rs=$2ori001101rsrtimmediateandi$1,$2,10$1=$2 | 10rt - rs | (zero-extend)immediate；其中rt=$1,rs=$2xori001110rsrtimmediateandi$1,$2,10$1=$2 10rt - rs xor (zero-extend)immediate；其中rt=$1,rs=$2lui00111100000rtimmediatelui$1,100$1=100*65536rt - immediate*65536；將16位立即數(shù)放到目標(biāo)寄存器高16位，目標(biāo)寄存器的低16位填0lw100011rsrtimmediatelw$1,10($2)$1=memory$2+10rt - memoryrs + (sign-extend)immediate；rt=$1,rs=$2sw101011rsrtimmediatesw$1,10($2)memory$2+10=$1memoryrs + (sign-extend)immediate - rt；rt=$1,rs=$2beq000100rsrtimmediatebeq$1,$2,10if($1=$2) gotoPC+4+40if (rs = rt) PC - PC+4 + (sign-extend)immediate2bne000101rsrtimmediatebne$1,$2,10if($1!=$2)gotoPC+4+40if (rs != rt) PC - PC+4 + (sign-extend)immediate2slti001010rsrtimmediateslti $1,$2,10if($210)$1=1else$1=0if (rs (sign-extend)immediate) rt=1elsert=0 ； 其中rs$2，rt=$1sltiu001011rsrtimmediatesltiu $1,$2,10if($210)$1=1else$1=0if (rs (zero-extend)immediate) rt=1elsert=0 ； 其中rs$2，rt=$1J-typeopaddressj000010addressj10000goto10000PC - (PC+4)31.28,address,0,0；address=10000/4jal000011addressjal10000$31-PC+4;goto10000$31-PC+4；PC - (PC+4)31.28,address,0,0；address=10000/4更全的MIPS匯編指令A(yù)rithmetic Instructionsabs des, src1 # des gets the absolute value of src1.add(u) des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 + src2.addi $t2,$t3,5 # $t2 = $t3 + 5 加16位立即數(shù)addiu $t2,$t3,5 # $t2 = $t3 + 5 加16位無(wú)符號(hào)立即數(shù)sub(u) des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 - src2.div(u) src1, reg2 # Divide src1 by reg2, leaving the quotient in register# lo and the remainder in register hi.div(u) des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 / src2. mul des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 * src2.mulo des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 * src2, with overflow.mult(u) src1, reg2 # Multiply src1 and reg2, leaving the low-order word# in register lo and the high-order word in register hi.rem(u) des, src1, src2 # des gets the remainder of dividing src1 by src2.neg(u) des, src1 # des gets the negative of src1.and des, src1, src2 # des gets the bitwise and of src1 and src2.nor des, src1, src2 # des gets the bitwise logical nor of src1 and src2.not des, src1 # des gets the bitwise logical negation of src1.or des, src1, src2 # des gets the bitwise logical or of src1 and src2.xor des, src1, src2 # des gets the bitwise exclusive or of src1 and src2.rol des, src1, src2 # des gets the result of rotating left the contents of src1 by src2 bits.ror des, src1, src2 # des gets the result of rotating right the contents of src1 by src2 bits.sll des, src1, src2 # des gets src1 shifted left by src2 bits.sra des, src1, src2 # Right shift arithmetic.srl des, src1, src2 # Right shift logical.sllv des, src1, src2 # $t0 = $t1 $t3，shift right logicalsrav des, src1, src2 # $t0 = $t1 $t3，shift right arithm.Comparison Instructionsseq des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 = src2, 0 otherwise.sne des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 != src2, 0 otherwise.sge(u) des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 = src2, 0 otherwise.sgt(u) des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 src2, 0 otherwise.sle(u) des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 = src2, 0 otherwise.slt(u) des, src1, src2 # des 1 if src1 = src2 .bgt(u) src1, src2, lab # Branch to lab if src1 src2 .ble(u) src1, src2, lab # Branch to lab if src1 = src2 .blt(u) src1, src2, lab # Branch to lab if src1 = 0.bgtz src1, lab # Branch to lab if src1 0.blez src1, lab # Branch to lab if src1 = 0.bltz src1, lab # Branch to lab if src1 = 0, then put the address of the next instruction# into $ra and branch to lab.bgtzal src1, lab # If src1 0, then put the address of the next instruction# into $ra and branch to lab.bltzal src1, lab # If src1 0, then put the address of the next instruction# into $ra and branch to lab.j label # Jump to label lab.jr src1 # Jump to location src1.jal label # Jump to label lab, and store the address of the next instruction in $ra.jalr src1 # Jump to location src1, and store the address of the next instruction in $ra.Load, Store, and Data Movement(reg) $ Contents of reg.const $ A constant address.const(reg) $ const + contents of reg.symbol $ The address of symbol.symbol+const $ The address of symbol + const.symbol+const(reg) $ The address of symbol + const + contents of reg.la des, addr # Load the address of a label.lb(u) des, addr # Load the byte at addr into des.lh(u) des, addr # Load the halfword at addr into des.li des, const # Load the constant const into des.lui des, const # Load the constant const into the upper halfword of des,# and set the lower halfword of des to 0.lw des, addr # Load the word at addr into des.lwl des, addrlwr des, addrulh(u) des, addr # Load the halfword starting at the (possibly unaligned) address addr into des.ulw des, addr # Load the word starting at the (possibly unaligned) address addr into des.sb src1, addr # Store the lower byte of register src1 to addr.sh src1, addr # Store the lower halfword of register src1 to addr.sw src1, addr # Store the word in register src1 to addr.swl src1, addr # Stor