1、Washing Formula洗滌程序,What is a Wash Formula 什么是洗滌程序？,Wash formula structure (wash steps, water level, temperature, time. 洗滌程序的構成（洗滌步驟、水位、洗滌溫度、時間） Product type (detergent, alkali, bleach, sour, soft). 清潔劑種類（主洗劑、堿性助劑、漂劑、酸劑和柔軟劑） Product amount (ml/kg, gm/kg) 清潔劑用量（毫升每公斤、克每公斤）,Detergency Pie or “Sinners

2、Circle”洗滌要素餅狀圖,The effectiveness of detergency processes are controlled by varying the above factors of the washing process. 洗滌過程中的去污的能力受以上的各種因素控制,Time,Chemistry,Temperature,Mechanical action,Procedure,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,5 Factors affecting wash formula development設計洗滌程序時需要考慮的五大要素,Water conditions

3、 水質情況 Soil type 污垢類型 Soil amount 臟污程度 Textile type 織物類型 Production requirements 具體生產情況,Time時間,Time required for the completion of each operation (including washer filling times but excluding drain times, is dependent 時間體現在洗滌過程的每一步操作（包括洗衣機進水時間 Design of the washer 洗衣機本身固定設置 Size of water lines and wa

4、ter pressure available 水管的尺寸和水壓 The degree of soil contained in the fabrics 織物的臟污程度 Type of soil involved 污垢的類型 Size of the load 裝載量,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Operation 步驟 Time (min) 時間（分） Preflush 預/沖洗 1-5 Prewash/break 預/主洗 8-10 Wash/suds 主洗 8-15 Bleach 漂洗 7-10 Rinse 過水 2-3 Sour,softener 中和、柔軟 5-7 Star

5、ch上漿 7-10,Time時間,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Temperature 溫度,The type of fabric 織物種類 Colour of fabric being washed 洗滌織物的顏色 The type of soil contained in the fabric 污垢類型 The particular operation itself 操作的細節 Preflush operation 沖洗86-100F / 30-40 C Prewash/break operation 預洗122-170 F/50-75C Wash/suds 主洗122-185

6、 F/50-85C Chlorine bleach operation 氯漂漂洗 150-160 F/65-70C Oxygen bleach operation 氧漂漂洗 140-180F/ 60-82 C,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Chemical action 化學作用,General guidelines pH on conventional washing 常規洗滌中pH值： Break & Suds主洗 pH 10.6-11.8 Chlorine氯漂漂洗pH 10.2-10.8 Oxygen氧漂漂洗pH 10.8-11.2 Sour 中和pH 5.5-6.5,Typ

7、e of soil 污垢類型 Type of fabric 織物類型 Colour of fabric 織物顏色 Particular operation 操作細節,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Mechanical 機械作用,General guidelines 常規指引: Break,Suds,Bleach 主洗6-8 inches/15-20cm Flushes & Rinse 沖洗&過水12-14 inches/30-35cm Sour/Fabric softener 中和/柔軟910 inches/22-25cm Starch(instant) 上漿9-10 inches

8、/22-25cm Wools & fabric high water level throughout the wash formula 羊毛織物整個洗滌程序要保持高水位,Water levels水位 Overloading/underloading of wheels 超載/低載 Over sudsing泡沫過多 Wash wheel design (pullman and Y-pocket higher water level than open pocket washers) 洗衣機的設計（臥式或Y艙的水位比開艙式的要高）,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Absorbed Wa

9、ter & Free Water織物吸收水&未吸收水,Absorbed water cannot be removed from the washer by merely draining 織物吸收水不能通過排水從織物中排走的水,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Free water water added after saturation to achieved desired water level 織物未吸收水織物吸收飽和后，再加入的達到設置水位的水。 Washing & Rinsing continuous interchange between free & absorbed

10、 until a state of equilibrium between soil or chemicals in the fabric and water in the washer 主洗&過水吸收水和洗衣機內的未吸收水之間不停交換直到洗衣機內污垢或清潔劑達到某種平衡,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Absorbed Water & Free Water織物吸收水&未吸收水,Initial Flush 頭道沖洗,Remove soil 去污 Raise the temperature of the linen 提升織物溫度 Lower the alkalinity before

11、the next operation 在下一步步驟之前保持較低堿度 Remove blood, initial flush between 80-100 F (25-40C) 去除血漬，頭道沖洗溫度保持在80-100 F (25-40C),Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Break 預洗,Bulk of the soil broken loose from fabric 松動污垢從織物上將污垢打散 Suspended in the wash solution 懸污 Most important step for soil removal 去污過程中重要的一步 Low water le

12、vel 低水位,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Suds & Carrry over 主洗/主洗+漂洗,Keep already loosened soil in suspension 保持打散的污垢懸浮 Continue soil removal 持續去污 Used to extend the detergency immediately follow either a suds or break cycle 緊接著預洗，加強去污力 At low water level, no supplies added 低水位，不再加水 Lower the soil and alkalinit

13、y prior to bleaching step 加強去污保證漂洗的堿度要求,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Bleach漂洗,Stain removal 去污 Oxygen or Chlorine 氧漂或氯漂 pH (10.2 to 10.8 for Chlorine, 10.8-11.2 for Oxygen) pH（氯漂應在10.2-10.8,氧漂應在10.8-11.2) Temperature溫度 150-160F/65-70C Chlorine 氯漂應在150-160F/65-70C 140-180F/60-82C Oxygen 氧漂應在140-180F/60-82C T

14、urbidity (bleach in clear water) amount of soil left. 污濁度體現去污情況（漂應在清水中加入） Improve stain removal 增強去色素效果 Bleach concentration 漂的濃度 50-100 ppm available chlorine for light 輕污 50100 ppm 100-150 ppm medium 中污 100150ppm 150 + stains and heavy soil 重污 高于 150ppm,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Intermediate Extract /

15、Rinse中脫/過水,Never intermediate extract directly after the bleach cycle 不要在漂洗后直接中脫 Rinse remove the detergent, soap, bleach etc. in the fabrics 過水過去織物中殘留的清潔劑，肥皂，氯漂等。 A dilution process at high water level 在高水位進行稀釋 Reduce the temperature of the linen 降低織物溫度 Last rinse should less than 50 ppm of active

16、alkalinity 最后一步過水活性堿應低于50ppm,Washing Formula 洗滌程序,Sour/Softner & Final Extraction中和/柔軟&最后脫水,Condition fabrics for subsequent finishing 為下一步烘干熨燙制造有利條件 Sour reduce pH of linen for final processing 中和減低pH值 Monitor final pH of fabric using Universal indicator 使用通用指示劑測量織物pH值 Reduce the amount of water in the linen for faster processing 減低織物的含水量方便下一步工作 Moisture retention (30-100% - extracted linen will weigh 130-200% of d