2021-2022學(xué)年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題滿分：120分考試時(shí)間：100分鐘第I卷(選擇題，共65分)第一部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分AFitnessMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday7:15a.m.BodyPowerAerobicsBodyStretchAerobicsBodyBurnBodyStretch10:30a.m.BeginnerAerobicsBeginnerAerobicsAerobicsBodyStretch12:30p.m.BodyStretchBodyBurnAerobicsBeginnerAerobicsBodyBurn3:00p.m.BeginnerAerobicsBodyStretchBodyBurnBeginnerAerobics4:45p.m.BodyBurnAerobicsAerobicsBodyPowerBodyPowerBodyStretch5:30p.m.AerobicsBodyPowerBodyPowerBodyBurnBodyStretchBodyPower6:30p.m.AerobicsBodyBurnBodyBurnBeginnerAerobicsBodyPower7:30p.m.BeginnerAerobicsBodyStretchBeginnerAerobicsAerobicsBodyPower:Thisclassusesweightsandaerobicmovements(aformofveryactivephysicalexercise)toincreasestrengthwhileburningfat.Itissuitableforalllevelsforfitness.Aerobics:Thisisalowtomiddlelevelofdifficultyaerobicclass.Itisgoodforbeginnertoaveragelevelsoffitness.BeginnerAerobics:Thisclasshasalowlevelofdifficultyandsimpleaerobicmovements.Itismainlyforpeoplewhohavenotexercisedbeforeorwhoarejustreturningafteralongbreakorinjury.BodyStretch(holdyourarmsorlegsoutstraightandtightenyourmuscles):Thisisarelaxationclasswhichstretchesallthemusclegroups.Itissuitableforalllevelsoffitness.Peoplewhoexerciseregularlyorhaveastressfullifestylewouldalsogreatlyimprovetheirhealthinthisclass.BodyBurn:Thisisahighlevelofdifficultyaerobicclassthatmainlyaimsatfatburning.Itisonlyforthosepeoplewithaveryhighleveloffitness.1.OnWednesdaythefitnessclassat6:30p.m.is________.A.Aerobics B.BodyPower C.BodyBurn D.BeginnerAerobics2.Thetwoclassesthataresuitableforalllevelsoffitnessare________.A.AerobicsandBodyPower B.BodyBurnandAerobicsC.BodyPowerandBodyStretch D.BodyStretchandBeginnerAerobics3.LenawantstogototheCityGymonFriday.Shehasnotexercisedforalongtime.Thebesttimeforhertogowouldbe________.A.3:00p.m. B.5:30p.m. C.7:15a.m. D.12:30p.m.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾種健身課程，它們適合什么樣的人群以及從周一到周日的課程安排。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Wednesday下面的6:30p.m.中表格的內(nèi)容可知，在周三六點(diǎn)半的健身課程是“BodyBurn”。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格下面第一行第二句話“Itissuitableforalllevelsforfitness.”（它適用于所有級(jí)別的健身。）以及第四行第二句話“Itissuitableforalllevelsoffitness.”（它適用于所有級(jí)別的健身。）可知，適合所有水平的健身課是BodyPower和BodyStretch。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格下的第三行第二句話“Itismainlyforpeoplewhohavenotexercisedbeforeorwhoarejustreturningafteralongbreakorinjury.”（它主要適用于那些以前沒有鍛煉過(guò)的人，或者在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間休息或受傷后剛剛回來(lái)的人。）以及表格中的周五的內(nèi)容可知，Lena在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有鍛煉后，周五最好選擇BeginnerAerobics這個(gè)課程，時(shí)間是下午十二點(diǎn)半。故選D。BAtfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn’tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhisneighbors’home.Heandhiswifehadjustparkedthecarwhentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters:“Thehousenextdoorisonfire!”Hewenttoinvestigate.“Thebaby’sstillin!”oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,aged64,immediatelyraninside.“Thebaby”was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman’sgranddaughter.Thethicksmokeburnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenharmfultoanyone,butforSurrell,whohasalungdisease,theywerelife-threatening.Afterafewminutesinthesmoke-filledhouse,heranoutsidetocatchhisbreath.“WhereisTiara?”heaskeddesperately.“Thesecondfloor.”herauntshoutedback.Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Finally,hegotTiarawhowasn’tbreathing.Hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintotheblackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradownandstartedCPR.SoonTiaraopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,“Uncle’sgotyou.”Soonafter,histhroatclosedoff.Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Asaresult,hetookextramedicationthathelpedopenhisairways.“It’sasmallpricetopay,”hesaid.“I’ddoitagaininnotimeandwon’tgiveitasecondthought.”4.WhendidSurrellfirstknowhisneighbor’shomewasonfire?A.Whenhisdaughterphonedhim. B.Whenheparkedhiscar.C.Whenheheardpeoplecallingforhelp. D.Whenhesawthesmoke.5.WhydidtheauthorsaytheconditionsweredeadlytoSurrell?A.Becausethesmokewastoothick.B.Becausethesmokeburnedhiseyes.C.Becausethebuildingwouldfallapart.D.BecauseSurrellhadalungdisease.6.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofSurrell?A.enthusiastic B.braveC.energetic D.aged7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Abigfireintheneighborhood.B.Ababystuckintheburningbuilding.C.Amanriskinghislifetosaveagirl.D.Anunexpectedaccident.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的MichaelSurrell不顧個(gè)人安危去鄰居家著火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他對(duì)自己所做的從不后悔。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Heandhiswifehadjustparkedthecarwhentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters:“Thehousenextdoorisonfire!”可知他和妻子剛把車停好，就接到一個(gè)女兒的電話：“隔壁的房子著火了!”由此可知，當(dāng)Surrell女兒打電話給他時(shí)，Surrell第一次知道鄰居的房子著火了。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Thethicksmokeburnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenharmfultoanyone,butforSurrell,whohasalungdisease,theywerelife-threatening.可知濃煙灼傷了他的眼睛，使他無(wú)法呼吸。這種情況對(duì)任何人都是有害的，但對(duì)患有肺病的Surrell來(lái)說(shuō)，卻是致命的。由此可知，作者說(shuō)這些條件對(duì)Surrell來(lái)說(shuō)是致命的，是因?yàn)镾urrell有肺病。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Afterafewminutesinthesmoke-filledhouse,heranoutsidetocatchhisbreath.“WhereisTiara?”heaskeddesperately.“Thesecondfloor.”herauntshoutedback.Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.可知在煙霧彌漫的房子里呆了幾分鐘后，他跑到外面喘口氣。“Tiara在哪里？”他絕望地問。“二樓”她姨媽大聲回答。他深吸了一口氣，第二次走了進(jìn)去。仍然看不見，Surrell跪在滾燙的木地板上，四處尋找女孩的任何跡象。由此可推知，面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的境地以及自身的疾病，Surrell毫不退縮，幾次沖進(jìn)火里救人，因此他是勇敢的。故選B。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Asaresult,hetookextramedicationthathelpedopenhisairways.可知幾天后，Surrell在醫(yī)院醒來(lái)，氣管和肺上部嚴(yán)重?zé)齻＝Y(jié)果，他服用了有助于打開呼吸道的額外藥物。結(jié)合文章講述了患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的MichaelSurrell不顧個(gè)人安危去鄰居家著火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他對(duì)自己所做的從不后悔。故C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)男人冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去救一個(gè)女孩”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CJoCameron,a71-year-oldScottishwoman,hasneverneededtotakepainkillersafterseeingthedentistandcaneatspicychilieswithoutanydiscomfort.Shethoughtlittleofituntilshesoughttreatmentforanankleproblemattheageof65.Doctorswereastonishedtofindthatsheexperiencednopaindespitesevereworseninginherankle.Ayearlatershesaidshefeltnopainafterexperiencingwhat'stypicallyaverypainfuloperationonherhandforosteoarthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎).Shedoesn’ttakeanymedicationandisfitandactive,withnomedicalconditionsapartfromarthritis.Herdoctorsdecidedtoanalyzewhetherherlackofpainsensitivitywasduetogeneticsandfounditwascausedbyamutation(突變)inapreviouslyunidentifiedgene.ResearchersfoundCameronhadtwoobviousmutationsinhergeneticmakeup,oneintheFAAHgeneandtheotherinwhatthescientistsdubbed(復(fù)制)FAAH-OUT,whichhasbeenlittlestudiedbyscientists.InacasestudypublishedThursdayresearchersexplainedthediscoverycouldhelpguidenewtreatmentsforarangeofconditions,frompost-operativepaintoanxiety.ThestudysaidthatCameron'smotheranddaughterappearedtoperceivepainnormally.However,herlatefatherhadlittleneedforpainkillers,andhersonreportedhavingsomedegreeofpaininsensitivity,butnottothesameextentasher.“Nowthatweareuncoveringhowthisnewlyidentifiedgeneworks,wehopetomakefurtherprogressonnewtreatmenttargets,”Coxsaid.“Weneedtolearnfrompeoplewhoaresufferingfrompainbutalsothosewhoarelesssensitivetopain,”saidKeogh,whoisalsothedirectorattheuniversity'scenterforpainresearch.“Theimplicationsofthesefindingsareofgreatvalue,”saidDr.DevjitSrivastava,whodiagnosedCameron.“Oneoutoftwopatientsaftersurgerytodaystillexperiencesseverepain,despitealladvancesinpainkillermedications,”headded.“Thefindingspointtowardsanovelpainkillerdiscoverythatcouldpotentiallyofferpost-surgicalpainreliefandalsoacceleratewoundhealing.Wehopethiscouldhelpthe330millionpatientswhohavesurgerygloballyeveryyear.”8.HowdidCameronfindshewaslackofpainsensitivity?A.Byseeingadentist B.ByeatingchiliesC.Bytakingpainkillers D.Byseekingtreatment9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceive”mean?A.understand B.knowC.feel D.see10.WhatcanweconcludefromwhatKeoghsaid?A.Morethanonepersonislesssensitivetopain.B.Theyhavemadegreatprogressinthisgene.C.Theirstudymerelyfocusesonthetreatmenttargets.D.Theyareuncoveringthesecretsofmutation.11.FromtheviewpointofDr.DevjitSrivastava,wecanknow_______.A.Thefindingshavediscoveredanewpainkiller.B.Patientswhohaveoperationsnolongersufferpain.C.Thefindingsmaybeimportanttodiscoveranewwaytorelievepain.D.Mostpatientsaftersurgerytodaystillsuffergreatpain.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文章主要以一個(gè)沒有疼痛感知的女性的故事為話題，引發(fā)了人們對(duì)這類人群的研究，以及科學(xué)家們通過(guò)對(duì)他們的研究，可能找出一種新的有效緩解疼痛的藥物。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Shethoughtlittleofituntilshesoughttreatmentforanankleproblemattheageof65.Doctorswereastonishedtofindthatsheexperiencednopaindespitesevereworseninginherankle.可知直到65歲時(shí)因腳踝問題尋求治療之前，她都沒怎么想過(guò)這個(gè)問題。醫(yī)生們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管她的腳踝嚴(yán)重惡化，但并沒有感到疼痛。由此可知，Cameron通過(guò)治療其他疾病，發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己疼痛敏感性缺失。故選D。【9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文painnormally.However,herlatefatherhadlittleneedforpainkillers,andhersonreportedhavingsomedegreeofpaininsensitivity,butnottothesameextentasher.可知研究稱，Cameron的母親和女兒似乎對(duì)疼痛有正常的感知，然而，她已故的父親對(duì)止痛藥的需求很小，她的兒子報(bào)告說(shuō)有一定程度的疼痛不敏感，但程度與她不同。故劃線單詞意思為“感覺”。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Weneedtolearnfrompeoplewhoaresufferingfrompainbutalsothosewhoarelesssensitivetopain,”saidKeogh,whoisalsothedirectorattheuniversity'scenterforpainresearch.可知“我們需要向那些遭受痛苦的人學(xué)習(xí)，也要向那些對(duì)痛苦不那么敏感的人學(xué)習(xí)，”Keogh說(shuō)，他同時(shí)也是該大學(xué)疼痛研究中心的主任。由此可推知，從Keogh的話中，我們可以得知不止一個(gè)人對(duì)疼痛不那么敏感。故選A。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thefindingspointtowardsanovelpainkillerdiscoverythatcouldpotentiallyofferpost-surgicalpainreliefandalsoacceleratewoundhealing.Wehopethiscouldhelpthe330millionpatientswhohavesurgerygloballyeveryyear.”可知“這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為一項(xiàng)新的止痛藥發(fā)現(xiàn)指明了方向，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能減輕手術(shù)后的疼痛，并加速傷口愈合。我們希望這能幫助每年全球3.3億患者接受手術(shù)。”由此可知，從DevjitSrivastava博士的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，我們可以知道這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的緩解疼痛的方法很重要。故選C。【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為①定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用referto,becalled或that'stosay,suchas等。②邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。③語(yǔ)法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。④語(yǔ)境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。如第二小題，根據(jù)后文painnormally.However,herlatefatherhadlittleneedforpainkillers,andhersonreportedhavingsomedegreeofpaininsensitivity,butnottothesameextentasher.可知研究稱，Cameron的母親和女兒似乎對(duì)疼痛有正常的感知，然而，她已故的父親對(duì)止痛藥的需求很小，她的兒子報(bào)告說(shuō)有一定程度的疼痛不敏感，但程度與她不同。故劃線單詞意思為“感覺”。故選C。DWhenDeniswantstorelaxatwork,hestepsintoaquietroom,sitsinachair,slipsonavirtual-realityheadset,andescapestothebeach.ForDenis,thoseminutesareatoolhereliesonregularlytobothrelieveandpreventstress.He'snottheonlyoneathiscompanytousetheroom,whereworkerscanalsouseaheadsettowatchamoonwalk,takeavirtualroller-coasterrideoraccessameditation(冥想)app.ResearchshowsVRcanhelpreducepainandanxiety.Butit'snotyetclearwhyitworks.Expertsbelieveit'srelatedtothetechnology'spowertodistract.''Whatevertheirproblemsare,whatevertheirstressesare,theycanliterallyneglectthemandhaveadifferentemotionalpulse,''Denissaid.Virtual-realityheadsetshaven'ttakenoffwithconsumers,butthey'renowpowerfulandinexpensiveenoughforcompaniestoconsiderinvestinginthemtohelpmakeworkersandcustomershappier.Theheadsetsmayhelppeopletakeavirtualbreakfromtheirsurroundings,buttherearechallengestoconsider.RamonLlamas,atechmarketresearcher,notedthattherecouldbechallengesinhandingoutheadsets.Somepeoplegetsickordizzywhileusingvirtualreality,andtheheadsetsmaygetdirtyorbroken.There'salsothetaskofquicklyfamiliarizingpeoplewithusingtheheadsets,especiallysinceVRadoptionhasbeensolimitedandthewaystheyarecontrolledcanvary.Fornow,Llamassaid,he'sconcernedaboutprivacyandsecurity.Whatif,forinstance,someonemanagestobackintoaheadsetandinsertsomecontentintowhatyou'rewatching?Anotherpotentialissueisthemanagingoftheheadsetsandsoftwarethatgoesalongwiththem.ThisislikelynotacomplicationforanofficelikeUmberRealty's,wherepeoplecansimplytakeaheadsetoffiftheyfeelsomethingwrong.Butitcouldbemoreofaproblemifyou'restuckinadentist'schair.''Thelastthingyouwantisthatinthemiddleofextractingatoothsomethinggoeswrong.''Llamassaid.12.WhatdoesDenis'scompanyuseVirtualRealityfor?A.Improvingthecustomers'experience.B.Displayingthescheduleofhiscompany.C.Relievingthestaff'sworkpressure.D.Savingthetroubleoftransportation.13.HowcantheVRdeviceshelptheusersbyDenis?A.Ignoringrealityforthemoment. B.Improvingtheirthinking.C.Designingworkforthecompany. D.Investinginanewindustry.14.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelastthreeparagraphs?A.ThepotentialproblemswithVR.B.TheprivacypolicyavailableforVR.C.Themanagementofthesedevicesinthemarket.D.ThestandardstheVRtechnologyistofollow.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.VR,apromisingbusinessinfuture! B.IsVRalwaysmakingusrelax?C.TheadoptionofVRneedsinvestments. D.Arewesaying''goodbye''toVR?【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。本文主要講述了VR雖然有助于減少疼痛和壓力，但具體原因還不清楚，而且有很多潛在的問題需要考慮。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段WhenDeniswantstorelaxatwork,hestepsintoaquietroom,sitsinachair,slipsonavirtual-realityheadset,andescapestothebeach.ForDenis,thoseminutesareatoolhereliesonregularlytobothrelieveandpreventstress.(當(dāng)?shù)つ崴瓜朐诠ぷ髦蟹潘梢幌聲r(shí)，他走進(jìn)一個(gè)安靜的房間，坐在椅子上，帶上virtual-reality耳機(jī)，然后來(lái)到了海灘上。對(duì)丹尼斯來(lái)說(shuō)，這些時(shí)間是他用來(lái)緩解和預(yù)防壓力的工具)可知，丹尼斯的公司用VirtualReality來(lái)緩解員工的壓力。C.Relievingthestaff'sworkpressure.(緩解員工的工作壓力)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的''Whatevertheirproblemsare,whatevertheirstressesare,theycanliterallyneglectthemandhaveadifferentemotionalpulse,''Denissaid.(丹尼斯說(shuō)：“無(wú)論他們的問題是什么，無(wú)論他們的壓力是什么，他們都會(huì)暫時(shí)忽略他們，然后產(chǎn)生不同的情緒”)可知，丹尼斯認(rèn)為VirtualReality通過(guò)讓人暫時(shí)忽略現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)讓人放松。A.Ignoringrealityforthemoment.(暫時(shí)忽略現(xiàn)實(shí))符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的RamonLlamas,atechmarketresearcher,notedthattherecouldbechallengesinhandingoutheadsets.(科技市場(chǎng)研究員RamonLlamas指出，把耳機(jī)拿出來(lái)時(shí)可能存在挑戰(zhàn))，倒數(shù)第二段的Fornow,Llamassaid,he'sconcernedaboutprivacyandsecurity.(RamonLlamas說(shuō)目前他關(guān)心的隱私和安全)和最后一段的Anotherpotentialissueisthemanagingoftheheadsetsandsoftwarethatgoesalongwiththem.(另一個(gè)潛在的問題是耳機(jī)和相關(guān)軟件的管理)可知，最后三個(gè)自然段主要講VirtualReality潛在的問題。A.ThepotentialproblemswithVR.(VR潛在的問題)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第三段ResearchshowsVRcanhelpreducepainandanxiety.Butit'snotyetclearwhyitworks.Expertsbelieveit'srelatedtothetechnology'spowertodistract.(研究表明，VR有助于減輕疼痛和焦慮。但目前還不清楚為什么會(huì)這樣，專家們認(rèn)為這與技術(shù)分散注意力的能力有關(guān))和第六段的Theheadsetsmayhelppeopletakeavirtualbreakfromtheirsurroundings,buttherearechallengestoconsider.(這種耳機(jī)或許可以幫助人們從周圍環(huán)境中獲得虛擬的休息，但也有一些挑戰(zhàn)需要考慮)可知，本文主要講述VR雖然有助于減少疼痛和壓力，但具體原因還不清楚，而且有很多潛在的問題需要考慮。B.IsVRalwaysmakingusrelax?(VR總是會(huì)讓我們放松嗎？)可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyWalkingYourDogIsGreatExerciseHavingtroublestickingtoanexerciseprogram?Researchshowsthatdogsareactuallynature'sperfectpersonaltrainers-loyal,hard-working,energeticandenthusiastic.Yourfriendsmayskipanexercisesessionbecauseofappointments,extrachoresorbadweather.___16___Isdogwalkingreallyeffectiveexercise?Manypeoplearebecominginterestedinexercisetohelploseexcessweight.___17___Dogowner-shipandobesitywereevaluatedinSeattle,Wash.,andBaltimore,Md.,inastudypublishedinthejournalPreventiveMedicineinSeptember2008.Dogownerswhoreportedwalkingtheirdogswerealmost25percentlesslikelytobeobesethanpeoplewithoutdogs.Whatarethebenefitsofregularexercise?Dr.JoannaKrukreviewedmedicalliteraturedescribingthehealthbenefitsofexercise.Herresearchshowedthattheriskofdevelopinganumberofserioushealthproblemsisreducedbyphysicalactivityandexercise.___18___It'seasytoforgetabouthealthywalkingplans,sosetthestageforasuccessfulprogram:Establishawalkingschedule;plantowalk30minutestotaleachday.Thismightincludea10-minuteneighborhoodwalkinthemorninganda20-minuterompatthedogparkafterwork.Ormaybethree10-minulewalksorone30-minutewalkfitinbetterwithyourday.Ifdogwalkingis"scheduled"eachday,you'llfeelmoreresponsibleforstickingwithyourprogram.___19___Mostimportantly,dailywalkingyourdogwillkeepitfitandgiveitanopportunitytoutilizetheirsenseswhilealsoengagingtheirmind.So,grabaleash,whistletothepup,andgoforawalk-todayandeveryday!Takeaction!___20___A.Planforsuccess.B.Trackyourprogress.C.Thiswillreinforceyourgoodbehavior.D.Dogwalkingisagreatwaytostartahealthylifestyleprogram.E.However,dogsnevergiveyouanexcusetodelayexercising.F.Plus,yourdogwillalsogetusedtotheroutineandremindyouwhen"it'stime"!G.ObesityisaffectingaboutoneineverythreetofouradultsintheUnitedStatesandEurope.【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了遛狗可以減肥，因?yàn)槿藗兛偸峭浗】敌凶叩挠?jì)劃而狗狗可以提醒你，你會(huì)更負(fù)責(zé)任地堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Researchshowsthatdogsareactuallynature'sperfectpersonaltrainers-loyal,hard-working,energeticandenthusiastic.Yourfriendsmayskipanexercisesessionbecauseofappointments,extrachoresorbadweather.(研究表明，狗實(shí)際上是自然界完美的私人教練——忠誠(chéng)、勤奮、精力充沛、充滿熱情。你的朋友可能會(huì)因?yàn)榧s會(huì)、額外的家務(wù)或糟糕的天氣而放棄鍛煉)”可知，B.Trackyourprogress.(跟蹤你的進(jìn)度)能夠銜接上文，說(shuō)明你的狗會(huì)要求你要遵循你的進(jìn)度，堅(jiān)持鍛煉。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Manypeoplearebecominginterestedinexercisetohelploseexcessweight.(許多人開始對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣，以幫助減肥)”及下文“Dogowner-shipandobesitywereevaluatedinSeattle,Wash.,andBaltimore,Md.,inastudypublishedinthejournalPreventiveMedicineinSeptember2008.(研究人員對(duì)華盛頓州西雅圖市的狗主人和肥胖情況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，該研究發(fā)表在2008年9月的《預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)》(PreventiveMedicine)雜志上)”可知，此處講述與減肥有關(guān)的事情。由此可知，G.ObesityisaffectingaboutoneineverythreetofouradultsintheUnitedStatesandEurope.(肥胖在美國(guó)和歐洲每三到四個(gè)成年人中就有一個(gè)受到影響)能夠銜接上文，起到承上啟下的作用，也解釋了美國(guó)和歐洲的肥胖的嚴(yán)重程度。故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“It'seasytoforgetabouthealthywalkingplans,sosetthestageforasuccessfulprogram:Establishawalkingschedule;plantowalk30minutestotaleachday.(人們很容易忘記健康的步行計(jì)劃，所以為一個(gè)成功的步行計(jì)劃做好準(zhǔn)備：建立一個(gè)步行計(jì)劃；計(jì)劃每天步行30分鐘)”可知，本段主要講述的是鍛煉計(jì)劃。由此可知，A.Planforsuccess.(為成功制定計(jì)劃)適合作本段主旨句。故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifdogwalkingis"scheduled"eachday,you'llfeelmoreresponsibleforstickingwithyourprogram.(如果每天都“安排”遛狗，你會(huì)覺得更有責(zé)任堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃)”及下文“Mostimportantly,dailywalkingyourdogwillkeepitfitandgiveitanopportunitytoutilizetheirsenseswhilealsoengagingtheirmind.(最重要的是，每天遛狗會(huì)讓它保持健康，讓它有機(jī)會(huì)利用自己的感官，同時(shí)也能調(diào)動(dòng)它的思維)”可知，F(xiàn).Plus,yourdogwillalsogetusedtotheroutineandremindyouwhen"it'stime"!(另外，你的狗狗也會(huì)習(xí)慣這種例行公事，并在“時(shí)間到了”的時(shí)候提醒你！)能夠承上啟下，其中Plus(此外)與Mostimportantly(更重要的是)相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“So,grabaleash,whistletothepup,andgoforawalk-todayandeveryday!Takeaction!(所以，牽上一條皮帶，對(duì)著小狗吹個(gè)口哨，去散散步吧——今天就去，每天都去！采取行動(dòng)！)”可知，作者在最后一段是在倡導(dǎo)大家遛狗。由此可知，D.Dogwalkingisagreatwaytostartahealthylifestyleprogram.(遛狗是一個(gè)開始一個(gè)健康的生活方式計(jì)劃的偉大的方式)能夠總結(jié)全文，呼應(yīng)主題。故選D。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。CharlesR.DrewwasamedicalstudentatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Beforehegraduated,hewroteanarticle____21____bloodbank（血庫(kù)）,thatis,thestoringofblood.Uptillthen,alotofpeoplehaddiedfromlossofblood____22____therewasnobloodbank.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWar,itbecame____23____tosetupbloodbanks.DrDrewbecame____24____oftheredcross’sfirstbloodbank.WhentheRedCross____25____bloodbankstocollectandstorebloodformen____26____inbattle,blackAmericangavebloodalongwiththewhites.At____27____theirbloodwasnotaccepted.Laterbloodfromtheblackswas____28____butwasstoredina____29____placefrom“white”blood.Althoughthebestdoctors____30____thattherewas____31____differenceatallbetweenthebloodofblacksandwhites,theRedCross,withthesupportofthegovernment,____32____toseparateblackbloodfromwhiteblood.Afterthewar,DrDrewwas____33____fromWashingtonwiththreeotherdoctorstoattendamedicalmeetinginasouthernstate.InnorthernCarolinatheircarwent____34____aditch（深溝）andDrDrewwas____35____hurt.Hehadlostmuchbloodbythetimeapassingcartookhimtothenearesthospital.Buttheywerestoppedatthegateofthehospital.“Takehimtothehospitalforblacks.”Nomatterwhattheysaid,theycouldnotgetintothehospital.Theyhadtotakehimtothecoloredhospital,butonthewayDrDrewdiedbecausehehadlosttoomuchblood.21.A.of B.on C.for D.in22.A.though B.if C.because D.and23.A.possible B.impossible C.important D.necessary24.A.visitor B.head C.receiver D.supporter25.A.started B.expected C.promised D.forbade26.A.died B.killed C.wounded D.fighting27.A.most B.least C.first D.last28.A.received B.accepted C.lost D.found29.A.good B.cool C.hot D.separate30.A.discovered B.invented C.insisted D.regretted31A.little B.much C.some D.no32.A.began B.refused C.stopped D.continued33.A.driving B.walking C.arriving D.traveling34.A.from B.into C.along D.off35.A.hardly B.nearly C.badly D.rarely【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.C28.B29.D30.C31.D32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了CharlesR.Drew博士負(fù)責(zé)二戰(zhàn)期間紅字會(huì)的血庫(kù)，為受傷的戰(zhàn)士收集和儲(chǔ)存血液，但是黑人獻(xiàn)的血卻被區(qū)別對(duì)待。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，Drew博士在一次事故中受傷而大量缺血，但是醫(yī)院卻因?yàn)樗呛谌硕屗ツ芙o黑人輸血的醫(yī)院治療，結(jié)果在途中因?yàn)槭а^(guò)多而死亡。【21題詳解】考查介詞辨析。句意：畢業(yè)前，他寫了一篇關(guān)于血庫(kù)的文章，即血液的儲(chǔ)存。A.of……的；B.on關(guān)于；C.for對(duì)于；D.in在里面。根據(jù)下文“thatis,thestoringofblood”可知，他寫了一篇關(guān)于血庫(kù)的文章。故選B。【22題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：到那時(shí)為止，由于沒有血庫(kù)，很多人死于失血。A.though雖然；B.if如果；C.because因?yàn)椋籇.and和。根據(jù)空前“alotofpeoplehaddiedfromlossofblood”以及空后“therewasnobloodbank”可知，由于血庫(kù)沒血，所以很多人因失血死亡。故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)美國(guó)進(jìn)入第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)，建立血庫(kù)變得很有必要。A.possible可能的；B.impossible不可能的；C.important重要的；D.necessary必要的。根據(jù)上文“WhentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWar”可知，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中會(huì)有大量士兵因受傷而缺血，所以建立血庫(kù)是很有必要的，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)基本的必要性，故選D。【24題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：Drew博士成為紅十字會(huì)第一家血庫(kù)的負(fù)責(zé)人。A.visitor訪客；B.head負(fù)責(zé)人；C.receiver接收者；D.supporter支持者。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Drew博士對(duì)血庫(kù)缺血的事情進(jìn)行了研究，所以在二戰(zhàn)期間，他成為了紅十字會(huì)第一家血庫(kù)的負(fù)責(zé)人。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)紅十字會(huì)開始建立血庫(kù)為在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的人收集和儲(chǔ)存血液時(shí)，美國(guó)黑人和白人一起獻(xiàn)血。A.started開始、建立；B.expected期望；C.promised承諾；D.forbade禁止。根據(jù)下文“blackAmericangavebloodalongwiththewhites.”可知，紅字會(huì)開始建立血庫(kù)后，黑人和白人一起獻(xiàn)血。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)紅十字會(huì)開始建立血庫(kù)為在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的人收集和儲(chǔ)存血液時(shí)，美國(guó)黑人和白人一起獻(xiàn)血。A.died死亡；B.killed殺死；C.wounded受傷；D.fighting戰(zhàn)斗。根據(jù)上文“collectandstoreblood”可知，為在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵收集和儲(chǔ)存血液。故選C。【27題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：起初他們的血液不被接受。A.atmost最多；B.atleast最少；C.atfirst最初；D.atlast最后。根據(jù)下文“Laterbloodfromtheblackswas____8____butwasstoredina____9____placefrom“white”blood.”可知，一開始黑人的血液不被接受，后來(lái)被分開存放，故選C。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：后來(lái)，黑人的血液被接受，但被儲(chǔ)存在與“白人”血液分開的地方。A.received收到；B.accepted接受；C.lost丟失；D.found找回。根據(jù)下文“butwasstoredina____9____placefrom“white”blood”可知，后來(lái)黑人的血液被接受了。故選B。【29題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：后來(lái)，黑人的血液被接受，但被儲(chǔ)存在與“白人”血液分開的地方。A.good好；B.cool涼爽的；C.hot熱的；D.separate分開的。根據(jù)but可知，雖然黑人的血被接受了，但是和白人的血分開存放。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡管最好的醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為黑人和白人的血液沒有任何區(qū)別，但紅十字會(huì)在政府的支持下，繼續(xù)將黑人血液與白人血液分開。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.invented發(fā)明；C.insisted堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；D.regretted后悔。根據(jù)下文“toseparateblackbloodfromwhiteblood.”可知，雖然最好的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為黑人的血和白人的血沒有區(qū)別，但是紅字會(huì)還是繼續(xù)把黑人的血和白人的血分開。故選C。【31題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管最好的醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為黑人和白人的血液沒有任何區(qū)別，但紅十字會(huì)在政府的支持下，繼續(xù)將黑人血液與白人血液分開。A.little小；B.much很多；C.some一些；D.no沒有。根據(jù)下文“toseparateblackbloodfromwhiteblood.”可知，雖然最好的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為黑人的血和白人的血沒有區(qū)別，但是紅字會(huì)還是繼續(xù)把黑人的血和白人的血分開。故選D。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡管最好的醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為黑人和白人的血液沒有任何區(qū)別，但紅十字會(huì)在政府的支持下，繼續(xù)將黑人血液與白人血液分開。A.began開始；B.refused拒絕；C.stopped停止；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)句意可知，雖然最好的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為黑人的血和白人的血沒有區(qū)別，但是紅字會(huì)還是繼續(xù)把黑人的血和白人的血分開。故選D。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：戰(zhàn)后，Drew博士和其他三名醫(yī)生從華盛頓驅(qū)車前往南部一個(gè)州參加醫(yī)療會(huì)議。A.driving開車；B.walking步行；C.arriving到達(dá)；D.traveling旅行。根據(jù)下文theircar可知，他們是開車去的。故選A。【34題詳解】考查介詞辨析。句意：在北卡羅來(lái)納州，他們的車掉進(jìn)了溝里，Drew博士受了重傷。A.from從；B.into進(jìn)入；C.along沿著；D.off遠(yuǎn)離。根據(jù)aditch（深溝）可知，他們的車掉進(jìn)了深溝里。故選B。【35題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：在北卡羅來(lái)納州，他們的車掉進(jìn)了溝里，Drew博士受了重傷。A.hardly幾乎沒有；B.nearly幾乎；C.badly嚴(yán)重地；D.rarely很少。根據(jù)上文“InnorthernCarolinatheircarwent____14____aditch（深溝）”可知，因?yàn)樗麄兊能嚨暨M(jìn)深溝里，所以Drew博士受了重傷。故選C。第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題，共55分)第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thenovelcoronavirus(冠狀病毒),which____36____(originate)intheChinesecityofWuhanandhasnowspreadto12countries,hasmuchincommon____37____seasonalflu.Theyarebothviralinfections,sharesimilarsymptomsandcrucially(關(guān)鍵地）canspreadfromhumantohuman.Inthemidstoffluseasoninmuchofthenorthernhemisphere,____38____(tell)thedifferencebetweenthetwowillbevitalinstoppingitsspread.Humancoronaviruses,ofwhichtherearefour,cancauserespiratory(呼吸道)infectionssimilartoflu:whilemanysymptomsaremild,bothcanleadtopneumonia（肺炎）andbecomelethal（致命的）.____39____,thenovelcoronavirusismoreseriousthan____40____"typicalinfluenzainfection,(流感)"saysIanJones,aprofessorofvirologyattheUniversityofReading."Thisvirusappearstogo____41____(far)downintothelungsthanwouldgenerallybethecase.Therefore,itwillgiveyou____42____(symptom)ofpneumonia(肺炎):thelungsbecomingflooded,theydon'tfunctionverywellandthepatientgetsintobreathingdifficulty."Whilethemortalityratesandsymptomsoffluandnovelcoronavirusmay