英語基礎(chǔ)語法串講課件演講人：日期：BasicconceptsofgrammarTenseandvoiceSubordinateandcompoundsentences目錄CONTENTSNon-finiteVerbAnalysisofCommonGrammarDifficultiesComprehensivePracticeandConsolidationofGrammar目錄CONTENTS01BasicconceptsofgrammarAdverbsUsedtomodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbstoindicatedegree,time,place,etc.,suchasquick,caring,very,etc.NounsWordsthatrepresentpeople,things,places,orabstractconcepts,suchasbook,cat,love,etc.Verbawordthatrepresentsanactionorstate,suchasrun,eat,sleep,etc.AdjectivesWordsusedtomodifynounsandindicatetheirpropertiesorcharacteristics,suchasbig,beautiful,fast,etc.Partofspeechclassification(nouns,verbs,adjectives,etc.)Sentencecomponents(subject,predicate,object,etc.)Subject:Thesubjectinasentencethatexpressesanactionorstate,usuallyanoun,pronoun,ornounphrasesuchasI,she,thebook,etc.Predicate:Referstotheactionorstateofthesubject,usuallycomposedofverbsorverbphrases,suchasrun,isreading,etc.Object:Theobjectorreceiverthatrepresentsanactionorstate,usuallyanoun,pronoun,ornounphrase,suchasthebook,him,myfriend,etc.Verb:Usedtodescribethenature,state,oridentityofthesubject,usuallycomposedofnonfiniteformsofadjectives,nouns,pronouns,orverbs,suchas'isbig','becameateacher',etc.Declarativesentenceusedtostatefactsoropinions,mainlycomposedofsubject+predicate+othercomponents,suchasIlovemusic.ImperativesentenceUsedtoexpressarequest,command,orsuggestion,usuallystartingwiththeverbprototype,suchasPleaseclosethedoor.QuestionUsedforquestioning,usuallyincludingspecialquestionsandgeneralquestions,suchasWhatisyourname?Doyoulikeapples?Exclamationsentenceusedtoexpressstrongemotionsorexclamations,usuallyguidedbywhatorhow,suchasWhatabeautifulview!Orhowfastheruns!Basicsentencestructure(declarativesentence,interrogativesentence,imperativesentence,etc.)02TenseandvoiceSimplePresentandPresentProgressiveGeneralpresenttenseReferstoatypical,regular,habitual,orrationalactionorstate,suchas:Theearthmovesaroundthesun.PresentcontinuoustenseReferstothecurrentactionorexistingstate,oftenusedinconjunctionwithwordssuchasnow,listen,look,etc.,forexample:Heisreadingabooknow.SpecialusageofpresentcontinuoustenseReferstoanactionthatisplannedorscheduledtooccur,suchas:Wearehavingameetingtomorrow.SimplePresentandPresentProgressiveThedifferencebetweenthepresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseThepresenttenseemphasizesthehabitualandroutinenatureofanaction,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseemphasizesthattheactionisinprogress.ThepastsimpletenseandpastcontinuoustenseInthepastsimpletenseReferstoanactionorstatethatoccurredatacertaintimeinthepast,orahabitualorfrequentactionorbehaviorinthepast,suchas:Hewenttotheparkyesterday.PastcontinuoustenseReferstoanactionthatwastakingplaceatacertainmomentorduringacertainperiodoftimeinthepast,suchas:Iwasstudyingwhenhecamein.SpecialusageofpastcontinuoustenseReferstoanactionthatwasongoingatacertaintimeinthepast,althoughitwasnotcompleted,butstillhasanimpactonthepresent,suchas:Iwasthinkingaboutthatwhenyoucalledme.ThedifferencebetweenthepastsimpletenseandthepastcontinuoustenseThepastsimpletenseemphasizesthatanactionhasbeencompletedinthepast,whilethepastcontinuoustenseemphasizesthattheactionwasinprogressatacertainmomentortimeinthepast.ThepastsimpletenseandpastcontinuoustensePresentperfecttenseReferstoanactionthatoccurredinthepastbutisrelatedtothepresentsituation,orhascontinuedfromacertainpointinthepasttothepresentandmaycontinue,suchas:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.PresentperfecttenseandpassivevoiceThespecialusageofpresentperfecttenseItrepresentstheimpactorresultofpastactionsonthepresent,suchas:Ihavelostmykey.Passivevoiceindicatesthatthesubjectisthereceiveroftheaction,emphasizingtheexecutororreceiveroftheaction,suchas:Thebookisreadbymanypeople.Thecombinationofpresentperfecttenseandpassivevoicerepresentsthepassiveactioncompletednow,suchas:Theworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.Presentperfecttenseandpassivevoice03SubordinateandcompoundsentencesSubjectclauseAnounclauseusedtoreplaceasubjectclause,suchas:Whathesaidistrue。ObjectclauseAnounclausethatservesastheobjectinasentence,whichcanbeguidedbyconjunctionsthat,if,orwhether,orbyconnectingpronounsoradverbs,suchas:Iknowthatheishonest。Anounclausethatservesasapredicateinasentence,usuallyconsistingoftheconnectingword'that',whether，Thelinkingpronouns'what','who',andlinkingadverbs'how','when','where','why',etc.guide,forexampleTheproblemiswhowillgothere。Nounclauses(subjectclauses,objectclauses,etc.)Nounclauses(subjectclauses,objectclauses,etc.)Anappositiveclauseaclausethatprovidesfurtherexplanationorclarificationoftheprecedingnoun,usuallycomposedoftheconnectingword'that',whether，Thelinkingpronouns'what','who',andlinkingadverbs'how','when','where','why',etc.guide,forexample:Thenewsthathediedistrue。Adjectiveclauses(relativepronounsandrelativeadverbs)Relativepronounsusedassubject,object,adjective,orpredicateinrelativeclauses,referringtoantecedentssuchaswho,whom,which,that,as,etc.,suchas:Themanwhospoketomeisadoctor。Relativeadverbusedasanadverbinanattributiveclause,usuallyguidedbywhere,when,why,etc.,referringtotheantecedent,indicatingtime,place,orreasonintheclause,suchas:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether。Adjectiveclauses(relativepronounsandrelativeadverbs)RestrictiveattributiveclauseNecessarylimitationorexplanationoftheantecedent.Ifdeleted,theoriginalmeaningofthesentencewillbeincompleteorchanged,suchas:ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting。Nonrestrictiveattributiveclauseprovidingsupplementaryoradditionalexplanationstotheantecedent,andafterdeletion,thebasicmeaningoftheoriginalsentenceremainsunchanged,suchas:Tom，whoismyclassmate，isverykind。Timeadverbialclauseusuallyguidedbywhen,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,etc.,representingtimerelationships,suchas:IwillgototheparkafterIfinishmyhomework。Conditionaladverbialclauseusuallyguidedbyif,unless,providedthat,etc.,indicatingaconditionalrelationship,suchas:Ifyougototheparty，youwillhaveagoodtime。Reasonadverbialclauseusuallyguidedbycauses,since,for,as,etc.,indicatingacausalrelationship,suchas:Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill。Adverbialclauses(time,condition,reason,etc.)Concessionadverbialclauseusuallyguidedby"through","even","evenif","eventhrough","whether...or...",indicatingaconcessionrelationship,suchas:Althoughheisrich，heisnothappy。Adverbialclauses(time,condition,reason,etc.)04Non-finiteVerbMakeacomplementProvideadditionalexplanationsforcertainverbs,suchas"Isawhimleave."whichmeans"Isawhimleave.Asanattributiveformsalogicalverbobjectrelationshipwiththenounbeingmodified,suchas"abooktoread"indicating"thebooktoberead".Asobjectoftenusedaftercertainverbs,suchas"decidetodosth."whichmeans"decidetodosomething".Asapurposeadverbindicatesthepurposeoftheaction,forexample,"Icametohelpyou."means"I'mheretohelpyou.TheusageofinfinitivesThepresentparticipleisusedasanattributive:itmeansactiveoractive,forexample,"asleepingbaby"means"asleepingbaby".02Usinggerundsasobjects:Someverbsneedtobefollowedbygerundsasobjects,suchas"enjoydoingsth."whichmeans"enjoydoingsomething.03Thepresentparticipleisusedasanadverbialtorepresenttime,conditions,methods,etc.Forexample,"Walkinginthestreet,Isawafriend."means"Walkingonthestreet,Isawafriend.04Usinggerundsassubjects:Referstoabstractactionsorhabits,suchas"Readingisagoodhabit."whichmeans"Readingisagoodhabit.01GerundandpresentparticipleTheusageofpastparticiplesToexpressthestateorcharacteristicsofthesubject,suchas"Thewindowisbroken."for"Thewindowisbroken.Asanattributive:indicatespassivityorcompletion,forexample,"abrokencup"means"abrokencup".Asanadverb,itrepresentstime,conditions,methods,etc.Forexample,"Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful."means"Fromthetopofthehill,thiscitylooksbeautiful.Beanobjectcomplement:beanobjectcomplementaftercertainverbs,suchas"Ifoundthedoorclosed."whichmeans"Ifoundthedoorclosed.05AnalysisofCommonGrammarDifficultiessubjunctiveusedtorepresentassumptionsorconditionsthatareoppositetoorimpossibletoachievefromtheactualsituation,includingthreetypes:virtualforthecurrentsituation,virtualforthepastsituation,andvirtualforthefuturesituation.Virtualconditionalsentencesubjunctivemoodisappliedinsubjectclauses,predicateclauses,objectclauses,andappositiveclausestoexpresssubjectivewishes,speculations,suggestions,commands,andothermoods.Theusageofsubjunctivemoodinsubordinateclausesmixedsubjunctiveconditionalsentences,wheretheactionsoftheconditionalclauseandthemainclauseoccuratdifferenttimes;Implicitconditionalsentences,whereconditionsarehiddeninthecontextandnotexplicitlystated.ThespecialformofsubjunctivemoodinvertedsentenceInvertedPlacingtheentirepredicatebeforethesubject,commonlyseeninsentencesstartingwith'here'and'there',aswellassentenceswherethepredicateisplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.PartialinversionPlacingauxiliaryverbs,linkingverbs,ormodalverbsbeforethesubject,usuallyusedinnegativesentences,interrogativesentences,andcertainsentencesexpressingwishes,commands,suggestions,etc.TheapplicationofinvertedsentencesincontextInvertedsentencescanservetoemphasize,highlightcertaininformation,ormaintainsentencebalance,andarecommonlyusedinliteraryworks,speeches,andeverydayspeech.Subject-VerbAgreementThebasicprincipleofsubjectverbagreementisthatthesubjectissingularandthepredicatealsotakessingularform;Thesubjectisplural,andthepredicatetakespluralform.Theapplicationofsubjectpredicateagreementincompoundsentences:Incompoundsentences,thesubjectpredicateofthemainclauseshouldremainconsistent,whilealsopayingattentiontotheconsistencybetweenthesubjectandpredicateinthesubordinateclause.Subjectverbagreementinspecialcircumstances:Incertainspecialcircumstances,suchaswhenacollectivenounoruncountablenounservesasthesubject,thesingularandpluralformsofthepredicateneedtobedeterminedbasedonthecontextandactualsituation.Inaddition,theremaybesubjectverbinconsistencyinsomefixedphrasesandsentencestructures,whichrequiresspecialattention.06ComprehensivePracticeandConsolidationofGrammarVocabularyanalysisThroughalargenumberofvocabularyanalysisquestions,helpstudentsmastertheusageanddifferencesofcommonlyusedvocabulary.GrammarpointunderstandingDesignmultiple-choicequestionscoveringvariousgrammarpoints,suchastense,voice,subordinateclauses,etc.,tohelpstudentsconsolidatetheirgrammarknowledge.ContextapplicationSetspecificcontextstoallowstudentstoexperiencetheapplicationofgrammarinpracticallanguageenvironmentsduringtheirchoices.MultipleChoiceQuestionSpecializedTrainingAnsweranalysisProvidedetailedanswersandexplanationstohelpstudentsunderstandthereasonsforerrors